Yāska's Nirukta 242
Ṛjvarthā (Niruktavṛtti) 242
- Language
- Sanskrit
242.1
"pareyivāṃsam0 (ṛ0 saṃ 8, 6, 24, 1)”- iti | havirdhānasyārṣam | yāmye paśau vapāyāṃ viniyogaḥ | “pareyivāṃsam” “paryāgatavantam” sarvataḥ prāptavantam | kān punaḥ ? “pravataḥ” “udvataḥ” “nivataḥ” ca bhūtasaṅghātān | “pravataḥ”iti mantre, “udvato nivantaḥ”- iti bhāṣyakaro'dhyājahāra, tathā sāmarthyāt, “pravataḥ” = manuṣyāḥ, “udvataḥ” = devāḥ, “nivataḥ” = tiryañcaḥ, tathā gatyupapatteḥ | tametamevaṃ "mahīḥ” mahatīḥ bhūtajātīḥ, parethivāṃsam | "bahubhyaḥ” puṇyakṛdbhyaḥ pāpakṛdbhyaśca “panthām” “panthānam” “anupaspaśānam” “anupaspaśāyamānam” amunā mārgeṇa ayaṃ prāṇī jīvanādutsṛrpati, tameva tasya spaśayitvā baddhvā taskara iva sarpajvarādirūpo bhūtvā jīvitādupayāsyāmītyevamupaspaśāyamānaṃ tamevaṅkarmāṇam “vaivasvatam” vivasvataḥ putram, “saṅgamanaṃ janānām” samameva cakṣuḥ kṛtvā yo'smāllokādamuṃ lokaṃ yathākṛtakarmaphalopabhogavaśena janān gamayati | tamevaṃ “yamam” “rājānam” īśvaraṃ sarvaprāṇabhṛtām, he yajamāna ! “haviṣā” anena paśulakṣaṇena “duvasya” rādhnuhi paricarasvetyarthaḥ ||
“avatirgatikarmā”- ityetadatra nirvacanaṃ kathaṃ sambadhyata iti vijñātavyam | athavā- pravata ityavatirevāyamādiluptaḥ prapūrva iti bhāṣyakārābhiprāyaḥ |
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yathā vai tāsāṃ yathādhikṛto yamo ha jāto yamo janitvamiti agnireva yamo ha jātaḥ, patitvena kanyābhāvasya jarayitā || tathāyamaparo nigamaḥ sphuṭataraḥ- “tṛtīyo̍ a̱gniṣṭe patiḥ ( ṛ0 saṃ0 8, 3, 27, 5)-ityapi nigamo bhavati” |
sūryāyā ārṣam | vivāhe viniyogaḥ | he kanye ! tvamucyase | 'somaḥ' tvāṃ 'prathamaḥ' 'vivide' vinnavān prāptavān saumye prathamakaumārake || 'gandharvo vivid uttaraḥ' upajāyamāna-cārutāṅgapravibhāga-svarasāṣṭhavābhīṣṭadanaṅgāṅgasamāhṛta dayāṃ gandharvaḥ viśvāvasuḥ tvāṃ vivide vinnavān | atha punaridānīṃ vaivāhike upagatāyāḥ karmaṇi "tṛtīyo agniṣṭe patiḥ" tṛtīyastavāyamagniḥ | ata udvahanāt param 'turīyaḥ' caturthaḥ 'te' tavāyaṃ 'manuṣyajāḥ' patiḥ | ityevamanenāpi mantreṇa samavaiti jāratvaṃ patitvaṃ cāgneḥ | evaṃ cet- "yamo ha jāto yamo janitvam"- iti yadadhikṛtaṃ so'gnireveti siddham ||
nigamam, upacayahetvartham | sa nirucyate-
sa eva viniyogaḥ, ārṣaṃ ca | 'somaḥ' etāṃ prathamaṃ kaumārādabhyuhya 'gandharvāya' 'dadat' adāt | atha 'gandharvaḥ' apyenāmabhyuhya svayauvanādhikārāt 'agnaye dadat' | atha 'agniḥ' api enām asmin vivāhe saṃskṛtya 'rayiṃ' dhanaṃ 'ca' 'putrān' 'ca' 'mahyam' 'adāt' dadāti | 'atho' api ca dhanena ca putraiśca saha mahyamadāt mahyaṃ dadātviti ||
'tam' agniṃ yamam | 'vaḥ'-iti anarthakaḥ | athavā-yajamānā ṛtvigbhirucyante | "carāthā" "carantyā" jaṅgamayā "paśvāhutyā" "vasanyā" "ca" "nivasantyā "oṣadhyāhutyā" jaṅgamena sthāvareṇa ca haviṣā "astaṃ na gāvo nakṣa̍nte" | 'astaṃ' gṛhaṃ yathā 'gāvaḥ' avaśyaṃ 'nakṣante' āpnuvanti svenopakāreṇa sāyaṃ vāsāya, tathemamagnimubhayalakṣaṇena haviṣa' vayamāpnuyāma | 'iddhaṃ' "samiddhaṃ bhogaiḥ" sarvabhogānāmīśvaraṃ pradātāramiti |
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242.2
"yamaḥ ( 12 )" vaktavyaḥ | sa punareṣaḥ “yacchati” uparamaryāta jīvitāt sarvaṃ bhūtagrāmamiti yamaḥ | ata eva balavān iti madhyamaḥ |
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"tasya eṣā bhavati”-||
tatsaṅgādvā śabdasārūpyādvā nirāha-“agnirapi yama ucyate” iti vibhāgopapradarśanāya |
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“tam etāḥ ṛcaḥ anuprabadanti”- iti pratijñātāthopapādanāya, yathāgnirapi yamaśabdena ucyate, tathā imā ṛcaḥ anupravadanti-||
“saine̍va sṛṣṭā0 (ṛ0saṃ0 1,5,10,7 )” -ityevamādyāḥ| parāśarasyārṣam | etāḥ “dvipadāḥ” virājaḥ | prātaranuvākāśvinayoḥ viniyogaḥ | “senā iva sṛṣṭā” niścitā, athavā-senāpatinā visṛṣṭā preritā | “amaṃ dadhāti” “bhayaṃ vā balaṃ vā dadhāti” bhayaṃ parebhyaḥ, valaṃ svebhyaḥ, athavā-atarkitā bhayaṃ dadhāti, atarkitā balaṃ dadhāti praṇetuḥ | “astuḥ na didyut” “astuḥ iva” kṣeturyathā didyut āyudham “tveṣapratīkā” “mahāpratīkā” mahatī yā dṛśyate pratīkaṃ darśanam, “bhayapratīkā” darśanādeva bhayānakā, “dīptapratīkā vā” dīptadarśanā | bhayaṃ vā balaṃ vā dadāti svebhyaḥ parebhyaśceti varttate | kā punarasau ? iti, agneḥ arciḥ | rakṣobhyo bhayaṃ dadāti, svebhyo balam || “ya̱mo ha̍ jāto ya̱mo jarnitvam0 ( ṛ01,5,10,8 )”-iti|yasya idam evaṃlakṣaṇamarciḥ, sa eva “yamaḥ” agniḥ, sarvamidaṃ jātaṃ janiṣyamāṇaṃ ca | kathametad gamyate pārthivo'yamagniya̍maśabdenocyate, na madhyamo nottamo vā ? iti | tāvapi hi yamā vucyete, yatau nigamāntareṇa vibhajya darśayati-“ya̱māvi̱heha̍ mā̱tarā (ṛ0 saṃ0 4,
8, 25, 1) "-ityapi nigamo bhavati"-iti | yatraiṣa pādaḥ, tasmin mantre śakyate yamaśabdena agnirucyata iti vibhāvayituṃ vyapadeśaḥ | tadyathā-
bharadvājasyārṣam | bṛhatī | "baṭ"-iti satyanāma | he 'indrāgnī !' 'itthā' satyam, amunā prakāreṇa yaḥ sūkta mahābhāgyaprakāro'dhikṛtaḥ, tamityetyabhineyenopadiśan bravīti | 'mahimā' māhābhāgyam 'vāṃ' yuvayoḥ 'āpaniṣṭhaḥ' sarvato'tiśayena stutyaḥ | yau yuvāmevamatimahānubhāvau, tayoḥ 'samānaḥ' 'vāṃ' 'janitā' janayitā sūryaḥ | tau yuvāmevaṃ kṛtvaikapitṛkau ekajanmānau 'yamau bhrātarau' | 'iha iha mātaro' iha ca pṛthivīloka iha ca antarikṣaloke avasthitau mātārau sarvasya lokasya nirmātāoṃ | evamiha mantre pitṛtvena sūryo vyapadiṣṭaḥ, indrāgnī yamau iti yamaśabdo madhyamasthānapṛthivīsthānayoratrāpi dvayoryamayoriha ceha ca nirmātārāviti prathamena 'iha'-śabdena agneirayama iti lakṣyate, tasmādihāpi "yamo ha jāto yamo janitvam"-iti yuktaṃ yadagnirevocyate || “jāraḥ kanīnāṃ patirjanīnām” | sa evāgniḥ “jāraḥ” “jarayitā” “kanīnām” “kanyānām” kanyābhāvasya, yadā hyagnisannidhāvṛḍhā bhavanti, atha tāsāṃ kanyābhāvo jīrṇo bhavati “patiḥ janīnām” “pālayitā jāyānām” katham ? “tatpradhānāḥ” sampadyante, agnau vratopagamanāt, āvratavimokṣāt agnipāratantryām-||
Linked texts (1)
- Nirukta — Yāska, Sanskrit