Yāska's Nirukta 7.3
Ṛjvarthā (Niruktavṛtti) 7.3
- Language
- Sanskrit
7.3.1
evamekīyapakṣe nipātatvamasyoktvā adhunā codakapakṣe sthitvā parapakṣamākṣipannāha,— “tat kathamanudāttaprakṛti nāma syāt”–iti | tadetacchabdarūpamanudāttaprakṛti anudāttasvabhāvaṃ sat kathaṃ nāma syāt ? || nanu bhavataivoktam-“utsargeṇvāntodāttāni prātipadikāni”–iti (pṛ044 paṃ022) ucyate-satyamuktam | nanu tatraivedaṃ pratyuktam-‘anyatra cāpavādāt’ iti (pṛ0 44, paṃ0 23) | sa eṣo'pavādāṃśaḥ-‘tvattvanemasamasimetyanuccāni’ iti (pṛ0 44 paṃ0 23) | utsargādapavādo balīyān | tasmādvipratipannasvaramapi etannāmaiva || kiṃca– “dṛṣṭavyayaṃ tu bhavati”| tuśabdo hetvarthaḥ--hetusamuccayārtho vā | anudāttaprakṛtitve'pi sa̍ti ‘dṛṣṭānuvidhayaśchandasi’–iti dṛṣṭavyayatvānnāmeti tadbhavati | evaṃ hetvarthaḥ | athavaivaimanyathā hetusamuccayārthaḥ, apavādasmaraṇāt-vyayadarśanācca anudāttamapi sam̐detannāmaiva bhavati | nipātatvepi kalpyamānasyai svarasāmañjasyaṃ na bhavatyeva nipātā apyādyudāttā bhavanti (phi0 sū0 4, 11 ) tasmāt kṛtāpavādatvād-dṛṣṭavyayatvācca nāmaivaitadityupapannam || āha-kva punaraṃsya vyayo dṛṣṭaḥ ? ucyate,-“utatvaṃsakhye sthirapī̍tamāhuriti dvitīyāyām” ekavacane | evam “uto tva̍smai ta̱nva̱ṃ visa̍sre iti caturthyām” ekavacane vyayo dṛṣṭaḥ | upariṣṭāccheṣaḥ | 8 | “athāpi prathamābahuvacane”--vyayo dṛṣṭa ityadhyāhāraḥ vyākhyātāḥ karmopasaṃgrahārthīyāḥ, tatprasaṅgena hītyevamādayo'nyārthā 'pyuktāḥ| pratijñāprasaktānevādhunā padapūraṇān. vakṣyāmaḥ | teṣāṃ sāmānyameva tāvalakṣaṇamucyate| tatra dhikārārtho'yamathaśabdaḥ|
7.3.2
atha ye pravṛtte pariprāpite arthe anyaireva vākyagataiḥ padairamitākṣareṣu gadyagrantheṣu vākyapūraṇā āgacchanti || padapūraṇārthāsta eva mitākṣareṣu pādavṛtteṣu bhavanti | ubhayatrāpi tu te anarthakāḥ anarthāntaravācakāḥ, prakṛtādarthāt na kiñcidarthāntaraṃ dyotayanti | padameva vākyameva vā pūrayitavyamityayamevaṃ hi teṣāmartho nānyadarthāntaram | uktaṃ ca" kriyāvācakamākhyātamupasargo viśeṣakṛt | sattvābhidhāyakaṃ nāma nipātaḥ pādapūraṇaḥ || "-iti | katame punaste ?, ucyate--"kamīmidviti" ete catvāraḥ-kam, īm, it, u,--iti || • āha--nanu 'ye pravṛtte'rthe' iti yadetadupadiṣṭaṃ lakṣaṇamata eva vijñāsyāmo ' ye'mitākṣareṣu vākyeṣu paṭhitāste mitākṣareṣu padapūraṇā bhaviṣyanti ' iti || atha kimarthamete viśeṣataḥ kamīmidavo nirdiśyanta iti ?, ucyate--ete hi prāyeṇa padapūraṇā eva | anye punaḥ-iva-na-cit-nvādayo'rthavanto'pyarthāsambhave sati padapūraṇā bhavaṃti,--lakṣaṇaṃ hi tānapi vyāpnoti | ete punaḥ prāyeṇānarthakā eveti viśeṣato nirdiśyante | athavā te prāyeṇārthavantaḥ kadācidanarthakā ityato viśeṣato nirdiśyante || āha--evamapi ca ukāro na nirdeśyaḥ | kiṃ kāraṇam ?, sa hi purastānnirdiṣṭa eva-" athāpi padapūraṇa idam tadu "-iti | ucyate--satyaṃ nirdiṣṭaḥ | prāsaṅgikastu sa tasya nirdeśaḥ, ayamevātrokārasya padapūraṇatve mukhyo nirdeśaḥ, svaprakaraṇatvāt|| āha--tatra tarhi akiñcitkara iti ?, na akiñcitkaraḥ | kiṃ kāraṇam ?, śṛṇu--yadi hyayamukāraḥ tatra pūraṇatvena nocyeta, ihaivocyeta, tataḥ pūrvoktasya vinigrahārthīyatvasyāyamapavādaḥ--iti gamyeta |
7.3.3
athāpi tatraiva kevalamasya padapūraṇatvamucyeta, neha, tathāpi padapūraṇeṣu parisaṃkhyāyamāneṣu nāyamukta iti parisaṃkhyayā padapūraṇatvamasya vādhyeta | aniṣṭaṃ caitat, tasmādubhayatrāpyadhīyata iti || • āha--nanvevaṃ ' khalu-nūnam ' ityetayoḥ padapūraṇatvasya bādhaḥ prāpta iti ?, ucyate-'naivam |' kiṃ kāraṇam ?, ukāravattau hyubhāvapi | yathaiva hyukāro'rthavāṃścānarthakaśca, evaṃ tāvapi | tasmādukāragrahaṇenāpi tāvapyatra gṛhītau draṣṭavyau | na kevalamubhāveva | kiṃ tarhi ?, anye'pi tāvanta eva santi | tadyathā--"ā ghātā gacchānūttarā"-iti| atra cakāraḥ | te'pi cātrāvaruddhā draṣṭavyāḥ | udāharaṇamātrapradarśanāthai hyetāvanta evodāhṛtāḥ | ta ete sarva evārthāsambhave satyanarthakā eva, sambhave tvarthavanta iti | kiṃ kāraṇam ?, na hi kasmiṃścidarthalaye tāvat sambhavati anarthatvaṃkalpanā nyāyyā śabdasya,arthapradhāno hi śabdaḥ | saṃ nā kasmādabhidheyenārthena vinā vākye saṃhanyeta | tasmādyāvadrabhyameva tāvadarthaḥ kalpanīyaḥ | yat punaretaduktam-‘vākyapūraṇāḥ' iti, agatireṣā | tadetat sarvathāpyarthāsambhave mati agatī, satyāṃ bhavati | ta ete prāyovṛttyā iva-nacinvādayo'rthavantaḥ | prāyovṛttyā ca kamīmidvo'narthakā iti draṣṭavyam ||
7.3.4
āha-nanu ādau ca madhye ca pūraṇānāmāgamo dṛṣṭaḥ, tadyathā--“nūnaṃ sā te"-iti, atha kathamūcyate-'ye'pravṛtte'rthe āgacchanti te padapūraṇāḥ'-iti ?, ucyate-na hyetadadhyayanakālīnamānupūrvyamakṣarāṇāṃ padānāṃ vā vyākhyākāle niyatamasti, arthaprakāśanārthanirvacanavaśenyānyadānupūrvyamupajāyate saṃmākhyākāle | tatraivaṃ satyākhyātapadaṃ pradhānam, tadanu nāma, tadanūpasargaḥ, tadanu nipātāḥ,-ityetāmānupūrvīmapekṣyaitaduktam | tatra ye pravṛtte'rthe āgacchanti, te padapūraṇā bhavantīti | etāmānupūrvīmapekṣya pūrvamākhyāta lakṣaṇamuktam, tadanu nāmalakṣaṇam | tasmādādāvapi nipātaḥ sanmadhye vā anta eva draṣṭavyaḥ | loke'pi hi dattānuyogānāṃ brāhmaṇānāmsthānakramo'kiñcitkara eva bhavati | madhye'nte vāvasthito yaḥ pradhānaḥ, so'dya ityucyate | tasmāt samyagevoktaṃ 'ye'pravṛtte'rthe'-iti || vyatyayaṃ cādhikṛtya ślokamapyudāharanti"ādimadhyāntaluptāni pracchannārpihitāni ca | brāhmaṇaḥ pariguhyeta vede vyavahitāni ca ||"-iti | 9 |
7.3.5
“tamidvarddhantu no giraḥ”iti | idityasyodāharaṇam | “tamidvarddhantu no giro̍ va̱tsaṃ sa̱ṃśiśva̍rīriva | ya indra̍sya vṛṣastaviḥ ||” (ṛ0 saṃ0 7, 1, 20, 184) amahīyaurāṅgirasasyeyamarṣam | gāyatrī, saumī | grāvastutau viniyuktā | 'tam' 'varddhantu' 'naḥ' | taṃ somam | 'it' -iti padapūraṇaḥ | varddhayantūpajātavīryyaṃ kurvantu | devatṛptaye | 'naḥ' asmākam etāḥ 'giraḥ' stutayaḥ | kathaṃ punarvarddhayantu ?, 'vatsaṃ saṃśiśvarīriva' | vatsamiva, ekaśiśukā bahvyo gāvaḥ, tā yathā paryāyeṇa vatsamekaṃ ( mṛtavatsāḥ ( svaiḥsvaiḥ payobhirvahanādisamarthaṃ kuryyuḥ | evamevāsmadgira etaṃ momamupajātavīryaṃ devatarpaṇāya kurvantu varddhayantu | katamaḥ ?, 'yaḥ' 'indramya' 'hṛdaṃsaniḥ' hṛdayasambhaktā, tamenaṃ varddhayantvityabhiprāyaḥ ||
7.3.6
āha kasmāt punaratra kecidudāharaṇamantrā aśeṣataḥ paṭhyante nirucyante, keṣāñcidekadeśāḥ ? iti | ucyate --ye tāvadaśeṣāḥ paṭhyante, nirucyante ca, te vyākhyādharmopadarśenārtham | yadi punaḥ sarva eva paṭhyeran nirucyeraṃśca, atiguruśāstraṃ sampadyeta | athāpi sarveṣāmapyudāharaṇamantrāṇāmekadeśaḥ paṭhyeta nirucyeta ca tathāpi vyākhyādharmo na pradarśitaḥ syāt | tasmād vyākhyādharmopadarśanārthaṃ kecidaśeṣāḥ paṭhayante nirucyante ca, keṣāñcidekadeśāḥ, śāstrānigauravabhayāt | iti pratimantramapi sakalārddharcapādādhyayane śakyate prayojanamanveṣṭum, tadetatsamāsena brūmaḥ | yasmin yasminmantre yadyat padamekārthamanekārthamanavagatasaṃskāraṃ vā nirbrūyāti, kiñciddānyacchabdarūpamadhyāharati, anyadvāpohati, anyathā vā kaścidvipariṇāmaṃ karoti, sandigdhaṃ vā nirṇayati, tadarthameva taṃ sakalamadhīte | yasminvārddharce pāde tāvat padaṃ bhavati, yadabhimataṃ nirvaktuṃ tāvanmātramevādhīte tannirvivakṣayā | tadetadevaṃ nipuṇamanveṣṭavyaṃ sarvatra | 10 |
Linked texts (1)
- Nirukta — Yāska, Sanskrit