Yāska's Nirukta 77.1
Ṛjvarthā (Niruktavṛtti) 77.1
- Language
- Sanskrit
77.1.1
yadevoktam "udāttaṃ prathamādeśe, anudāttam anvādeśe"-iti tadevātrāpi lakṣaṇamityabhiprāyaḥ | udāharaṇamātraṃ pradarśyate, - "asya vāmasya 0-saptaputram"| asya vāmīyamevedaṃ sūktam | dīrghatamasa ārṣam | tārttīyasavane mahāvrate vaiśvadeve śastre śasyate | "asya" sūryasya "vāmasya" "vananīyasya" stutibhiḥ, "palitasya" "pālayituḥ" ayaṃ hi sarvamevedaṃ jagat pālayati | "hotuḥ" "hātavyasya" āhvānāhaṃsya | āha-tasya kim ? iti | ucyate -yo'yamevaṃlakṣaṇaḥ "tasya" "bhrātā" bhāgahatrtā "bharttavyo vā" udakena, "madhyamaḥ" madhya [ ma ] sthānaḥ "asti" dhriyate | katamaḥ ? yo'yam "aśnaḥ" "aśanaḥ" vyāpano vāyurityarthaḥ, sa hi dyulokādādityenodakena dhriyate, harati codakaṃ dyulokāt | "tṛtīyaḥ" "asya" vāyoḥ "bhrātā" havirbhāgaharttā vā, aindrāgne haviṣi saṃstutau vā "ghṛtapṛṣṭhaḥ" ghṛtena spṛṣṭaḥ, ājyaspṛṣṭaḥ, "ayam" eva "agniḥ" pṛthivīsthānaḥ | "sahāstraṇaḥ" vāyoḥ, sarvasmāddhi vāyuḥ balavān | athavā, sahasramasya niyuktamaśvānā mastīti sahasrī vāyuḥ, "ā nau niyudbhiḥ śatinībhiradhvaraṃ saṃhasriṇībhiḥ (ṛ0 saṃ0 2, 1, 24, 3)" iti | śrūyate vāyavye mantre | vāyuḥ, ādityaḥ, agniḥ,-ityevaṃ parisaṃkhyāya vāyostṛtīyo'gnirbhavati, vāyurapi ca jyotireva, "vāyunā jyotiṣā-iti ha vijñāyate |" "tatra" etasmin tredhā vibhakte jyotiṣi, pradhānatvenaitadevā'ham "apaśyam" iti | "viśapati" viśvasya "sarvasya" jagataḥ "pālayitāram" | katamam ? ya eṣaḥ saptaputraḥ sūryaḥ | etamevāhamana pradhānatvenāpaśyaṃ [...] mantre sūryaḥ pradhānaḥ, sūkte sūryādhikārāt , tasmāt 'asya vāmasya'-[...] antaudāttaḥ |
77.1.2
vāyuratrāpradhānam, kasmāt 'tṛtīyo bhrātā ghṛtapṛṣṭhaḥ asya'- ityeṣaḥ "asya"-śabdo'nudāttaḥ || evamekasminnevāsmin mantre udāttānudāttāvetau asya-śabdau pradhānāpradhānaviṣayāvityekamevodāharaṇam || āha- 'tṛtīyo bhrātā ghṛtapṛṣṭho asya'- ityanena "asya"-śabdena sūrya eva kasmānna sambadhyate ? api ca "tṛtīya"-śabdasya prakṛtānukramāvirodhenaivameva suvyantarā yojanā bhaviṣyati | ucyate-'asya vāmamya' ityetadantodāttaṃ padamitaradanyat 'tṛtīyo bhrātā ghṛtapṛṣṭhaḥ asya'- iti samānarūpameva sat pūrveṇānudāttamiti svarakṛtādviśeṣādarthakṛtenāpi viśeṣeṇa bhavitavyamityapradhānābhidhāyinā viśeṣaḥ pratīyate | ādityamantratvāt sūkte vāyuścātrāpradhānaḥ prakṛtādādityāt | tasmādvāyuviṣayamevedam asyeti dvitīyaṃ padamanudāttaṃ sampadyate | ataḥ sutarāmupapannaṃ bhavati "udāttaṃ prathamādeśe 'nudāttamanvādeśe"-ityatra prathamādeśanvādeśaśabdābhyāṃ pradhānāpradhānāvucyete iti || anye tu manyante, prathamādeśo nāma prārambhaḥ, tatra yadvarttate, tadudāttaṃ bhavati, pradhānārthetaramudāttamityanenaiva lakṣaṇena | tadyathā, "a̱syā ū̱ ṣu ṇaḥ (ṛ0 sa0 2, 2, 2, 4)", "a̱sya vā̱masya̍ (ṛ0 sa0 2, 3, 17, 1)"-iti || anvādeśo nāma, anyasya padasya paścādādeśaḥ, tatra varttamānamanudāttaṃ bhavati | padāt parasya nighāto bhavatīti hi lakṣaṇavido'pi bruvate | tathānnudāttatvenaiva lakṣaṇenālpīyāṃ'rthatamapradhānādyaṃtaraṃ bhavati | tadyathā, "dīrghāyurasyā yaḥ patiḥ (ṛ0 sa0 8, 3, 27, 8)" 'tṛ̱tī̱yo bhrātā̍ ghṛ̱tapṛ̍ṣṭho asya (ṛ0 sa0 2, 3, 17, 1)" iti || āha kathaṃ saptamaputra ādityaḥ ? iti |
77.1.3
ucyate "saptamo hyasāvādityaḥ putraḥ"ityevamaitihāsikā manyante | brāhmaṇe'pi ca, "mṛtapitaramaṇḍamavāpacata, tasminnādityaḥ saptama indro'ṣṭama iti ha vijñāyate" || athavā-saptamakhyākā yuktā asya raśmayaḥ putrāḥ, tenāsau saptaputraḥ || athavā-naiva saṃkhyābhiprāyametat saptaputra iti | āhakathaṃ tarhi ? iti | ucyate-"sarpaṇaputramiti" eva sarpaṇā hi tasya raśmayo muhūrttamapyanavasthāyino yasya putrāḥ so'yaṃ saptaputraḥ | "saptasṛptā saṃkhyā" ṣaḍbhyaḥ sakāśāt | evaṃ saptasaṃkhyopetāḥ, sarpaṇakriyāyogino vā eta eva "ādityaraśmayaḥ" asya odityasya putrāḥ "iti" mantravidaḥ "vadanti" manyante | 4| 26 | oṃ
77.1.4
yathā cāyaṃ saptabhiḥ sarpaṇairvā raśmibhiryujyate tathaiyamaparā ṛgetasminneva sūkte “sapta yuñjanti0-adhi tasthuḥ ( ṛ0 sa0 2, 3, 14, 2 )” -iti | “sapta” saṅkhyopetāḥ sarpaṇā vā “yuñjanti” yojayantyātmanā raśmayaḥ “rathaṃ” rahaṇamādityam, udyanneva hyasāvādityo raśmibhiḥ yujyate, rahaṇaścāsau muhūrttamapyanavasthāyitvāt | “ekacakram” eka eva hyasāvantarikṣe carati, itarāṇi jyotīṃṣi nāśayatyeva svena tejasā prakāśena| “eko'śvaḥ”eka evāśvaḥ, aśanā vyāpanā sarvabhūtānām “vahati”gacchati “saptanāmā”saptastutiḥ,saptaputraḥ-ityevamādyāḥ saptasaṃkhyāyuktāḥ stutayo'sya | athavā“saptāsmai raśmayo rasānabhisannāmayanti”-etasmin maṇḍale,iti saptanāmā | athavā “saptainamṛṣayaḥ [namanti] stuvanti iti vā” saptanāmā | “idamapītarat” śabdaḥ “nāma” “etasmādeva”-“abhisannāmāt” tadapi svamarthaṃ pratyāyayituṃ kriyāpadasya vā guṇabhāvenābhimukhyena sannamati | sa evalakṣaṇaḥ saptacārī vyāpanaḥ saptanāmā, sarpaṇaiḥ saptabhirvā raśmibhiryukto yadā vahati, udayādārabhya yāvadastamiti || tadaivaṃ vahan kimabhinirvarttayati ? iti, ucyate-“trinābhicakramajaramanarvam” trinābhisaṃyukta kālacakram , cakanadharmikam , cakanaṃ calanamucyate, caraṇadharmi, kramaṇadharmi vā | “ajaram” “ajaraṇadharmāṇam” | “anavam” “apratyṛtamanyasmin” anāśritamityarthaḥ | “trinābhicakraṃ” “tryṛtuḥ” hi “saṃvatsaraḥ” “grīṣmo varṣā hemanta iti” anena ṛtupravibhāgena etadevāstha trinābhitvamabhipretam| ṛtubhirhi asau saṃvatsaro nahyataṃ sannahyate ityarthaḥ || ‘saṃvatsarapradhāna uttaro'rddharcaḥ” nādityapradhānaḥ ||
77.1.5
“saṃvatsaraḥ saṃvasantyasmin”--iti prasaktānuprasaktam, samastāni hi “bhūtāni” etasmin saṃvasanti | maithunābhiprāyo vā syāt ‘saṃvāsaḥ’-|| “grīṣmaḥ, grasyante'smin rasāḥ” sūryeṇa || “varṣā, varṣatyāsu parjanyaḥ” tadetat pratyakṣameva || “hemantaḥ, himavān” tatra hi bahu bhavati himam !| “hima punarhantervā” taddhi hantyoṣadhivanaspatīna prakirati || “hinotervā” tarpaṇāyasya, tena hi puṣyanti yavādayaḥ, gamanārthasya vā hanteḥ, taddhi gamayati kṣayaṃ bhūtāni | ajaraṃ tat saṃvatsaracakram ajaraṇadharmmi, na hi saṃvatsarasya jarā nāma dharmmo'sti | anarva ca tat apratyutam apratigatamanāśritamanyatra kvacit | āha-yatra kim ? iti | ucyate,“yatra” yasmin “imāḥ” “imāni” “viśvā” “sarvāṇi” “bhuvanā” “bhūtāni” “adhi” upari “tasthuḥ” “abhi santitprante” āśritāni vināśamupayānti | vināśo'pi hi saṃsthocyate, saṃsthitaḥ pitā mama, ityukte ‘mṛtaḥ’ iti gamyate | tadevaṃlakṣaṇaṃ trinābhikālacakramajaram, ya ādityo'bhinirvarttayati, yaccedamabhinirvartyate kālacakram, tadetadubhayamapyahaṃ staumītyevamasya mantrasya pūrvo'rddharca ādityapradhānaḥ, uttaraḥ saṃvatsarapradhānaḥ || āha-kathaṃ gamyate saṃvatsarapradhāna uttaro'rddharcaḥ iti, na hi saṃvatsaragrahaṇamatrāsti ! | ucyate- “trinābhicakram”-ityetasmāddhetusambandhāt || āha-etadapi viśeṣaliṅgamatra nāstyeva, traya ṛtavo nābhi śabdenocyante iti ? tasmādetadapyayuktameveti |
77.1.6
ucyate-ya eṣa pūrvasminnarddharce prakṛtena sūryeṇābhinirvartyate saṃvatsaraḥ, yaismiśca sarvāṇyetāni bhūtānyabhisantiṣṭhante, “tam” etaṃ “saṃvatsaram” uttarasminnarddharce ca prakṛtya mantrehak trinābhicakram-ityevamādyābhiḥ “sarvamātrābhiḥ” sarvaiḥ avayavaiḥ “pañcāre cakre” “ṣaḷare” trīṇi śatāni ṣaṣṭiśca saptaśatāni viṃśatiśca-ityevamprakāraiḥ “stauti”| tasmāt sūkte saṃvatsarasyāvayavastutiprāyadarśanādihāpi trinābhiśabda ṛtuviṣaya ityupapadyate | ṣaṇṇāmṛtūnāṃ dvau dvau ṛtū samānasvabhāvau ityenenābhiprāyeṇa tritvam-|| athaivamuktvā “taṃ saṃvatsaraṃ sarvamātrābhiḥ stauti” | adhunā yathainaṃ sarvamātrābhiḥ stauti, tathopapādayati,-“pañcāre̍ ca̱kre pa̍ri̱vartta̍māne̱ tasmi̍nnā̱tasthu̱rbhuva̍nāni̱ viśvā̍ | tasya̱ nākṣa̍stapyate̱ bhūri̍bhāraḥ sa̱nāde̱va na śī̍ryate̱ sa nā̍bhiḥ || ( ṛ0 saṃ0 2, 3, 16, 3 )”-iti || “iti pañcartutayā” saṃvatsarasya stutiḥ | ‘“pañcāre cakre” ṛtavaḥ atra aratvenābhipretāḥ | “parivarttamāne” parigṛhyedaṃ jagat varttamāne | āha kim ? iti | ucyate-‘tasminnātasthuḥ’ tasminnavasthitāni upari adhirūḍhāni | kāni ? ‘bhuvanāni’ bhūtāni ‘viśvā’ viśvāni, sarvāṇi || kālacakre hi sarvamevedaṃ jagadadhirūḍhaṃ bambhramīti || athaivamatimahatāpi sarvabhūtacakreṇākrāntasya ‘tasya’ kālacakrasyaiṣamapi ‘bhūribhāraḥ’ bahubhāraḥ sannevāyam ‘akṣaḥ’ saṃvatsarākhyaḥ ‘na tapyate’ na santāpayati nāpi santāpa yāsyatityarthaḥ | api ca ‘sanādeva’ cirantana eva ‘saḥ’ akṣaḥ, tathāpi na tapyataṃ, na vā tato'pi san saharmaiva ‘viśīryate’naśyati |
77.1.7
āha-yadyakṣo na tapyate śīryate vā, kimevamatibalīyasākṣeṇa vṛṣyamāṇā nābhiḥ tapyate śīryate vā ? iti | netyucyate‘( sa ) nābhiḥ’ akṣo na śīryate na tapyate | nābhigaditya evābhipretaḥ || āhakathametadgamyate pañcāre cakre-ityatra araśabdena ṛtavo'bhipretā iti ? na hyatra |viśeṣālliṅgamṛtūnāmaratve'sti, api ca ṛtavaḥ ṣaṭ prasiddhāḥ, iha ca pañcāra iti śrūyate, tasmādanupapannam ? iti | ucyate-sūkte saṃvatsarasyāvayavastutiprāyadarśanādupapadyate | “pañcarttavaḥ saṃvatsarasyeti ca brāhmaṇam, hemantaśiśirayoḥ samāsena” ekatvenetyarthaḥ | tasmādupapadyate eva pañcartṛtvam, ṛtūnām aratvaṃ cāvayavastutyabhi sambandhāditi ||
77.1.8
"ṣaḷara āhurarpitamiti ṣaḍṛtutayā" saṃvatsarasya stustiḥ | 'pañcapādaṃ' saṃvatsaram, ṛtavo hi saṃvatsarasya pādāḥ, tairasau patati gacchati | 'pitaraṃ' pālakaṃ sarvabhūtānāmutpādayitāraṃ vā 'dvādaśākṛtim' dvādaśamāsapravibhaktavigraham, "dvādaśamāsāḥ saṃvatsarasya" iti ca brāhmaṇam, 'divaḥ' dyulokasya 'pare' parame 'arddhe' sthāne yo'yamavasthita ādityaḥ, etasmin pañcapādaṃ pitaraṃ dvādaśākṛti 'purīṣiṇam' udakavantaṃ saṃvatsaram 'arpitamāhuḥ' aviśeṣeṇānye brāhmaṇāḥ | tasmāt sarva ṛtavo vṛṣṭimanta iti ha vijñāyate | tasmāt saṃvatsarasyodakavattvamupapadyate | 'atha' punaḥ 'ime' 'anye' ya ete 'upare' uparyavasthitāḥ, 'sapta' ṛṣayaḥ, ete 'vicakṣaṇaṃ' vividhānāṃ sarvabhūtakarmaṇāṃ draṣṭārametamādityaṃ 'cakre ṣaḷare' ṣaḍarre tasmin saṃvatsarākhye arpitamāhuḥ | athavā-saptacakra ādityaḥ, sa hi saptabhī raśmibhiścakrate dīpyate, 'saptacakre'- ityekaṃ pada tasmādevamapi bhavati || evameke saṃvatsarādityapratiṣṭhamāhuḥ, apare punarāditya saṃvatsarapratiṣṭhamityeṣa mantrastārthaḥ || evametasyāmṛci ādityasaṃvatsarau stūyete | vakṣyati, hi "candramasā vāyunā saṃvatsareṇevi saṃvatsaraḥ" | mavatsarasya cakrarūpakeṇa nābhyādibhiḥ stutirūpapadyate || "arāḥ pratyūtā nābhau" praॉnagatā ityarthaḥ || "ṣaṭ punaḥ sahateḥ" te hi pañcamasyāmabhibhūya vartante || "dvādaśāraṃ na hi tajjarāya"-iti | "dvādaśa pradhayaścakramekam" iti | "iti māsānām" 'etau pādau bhavataḥ' iti vākyaśeṣaḥ ||
77.1.9
"māsā mānān" mīyate hi taiḥ saṃvatsaraḥ || "pradhiḥ prahitaḥ” praśleṣya cakre nihitaḥ “bhavati” gaṇḍapucchaḥ pradhirityucyate | “dvādaśapradhayaḥ” māsākhyāḥ, saṃhatāḥ santaḥ “cakramekaṃ” bhavati | tatra ca punaḥ "trīṇi nabhyāni' phalakāni bhavanti, - traya ṛtavo grīṣmo varṣā hemanta iti | yadetadevaṃlakṣaṇaṃ cakram 'ka u tat ciketa' kastu tad yāthotthyena vijānāti ? “tasmin” cakre “sākaṃ” saha “triśatā na śaṅkavo'rpitāḥ” triśatānyahorātrāṇi śaṅkava ivārpitāni | "ṣaṣṭirna" ṣaṣṭyadhikāni trīṇyahorātraśatāni śaṅkava ivārpitāni, prakṣiptāni | dvitīyo nakāraḥ samuccayārthe | "calācalāsaḥ" calāni ca acalāni ca, calānyanavasthāyitvāt, acalānyahorātrātmabhāvaṃ na muñcanti | āha-kathaṃ gamyate ahorātrāṇyetānīti ? ucyate-saṃvatsarastutiprāyasambandhācca | "ṣaṣṭiśca ha vai trīṇi ca śatāni saṃvatsarasyāhorātrā iti ca brāhmaṇaṃ samāsena” ahorātrayorekatvenetyarthaḥ || “na hi” “tajjarāya” “tajjīryate"kiṃ tarhi ? anyāni bhūtāni jarayat 'varvartti cakraṃ' punaḥpunarvarttate | 'paridyāṃ' parigṛhya dyāṃ ca pṛthivīṃ ca tato varttate | 'ṛtasya' udakasya sampūrṇam | athavā-ṛtasya ādityasya svabhūtam | athavā-ṛtasya yajñasyāṅgabhūtam 'ātasthuḥ' putrāḥ | etasmiṃścakre 'mithunāḥ' dvandvā ityarthaḥ | kasya ? 'agne' agneḥ | agniśabdo'smin mantre sambodhanāntaḥ, ṣaṣṭhyā vipariṇamyate, agneḥ putrā ātasthuriti | agnibvātrāditya evābhipretaḥ, tasyāhorātrāṇyeva putratvenocyante, tatkṛtatvādahorātrāṇām |
77.1.10
āha-kiyantaste putrāḥ ? iti | ucyante- “saptaśatāni, viṃśatiśca” | brāhmaṇamapi caitasminnarthe bhavati, - "sapta ca vai śatāni viṃśatiśca saṃvatsarasyāhorātrāḥ-iti ca brāhmaṇamahorātrayorvibhāgena vibhāgena" - iti || evametasmin sūkte saṃvatsaraṃ sarvamātrābhiḥ sarvairavayavaiḥ stauti | tasmādupapadyate “sapta yuñjanti" - ityetasyāmṛci saṃvatsarapradhānaśśittābhicakramityeṣo'rddharcaḥ | 4 | 27 | tadetat sarvamapi 'saptaputraṃ' sarpaṇaputramityetasmāt padāt prasaktānuprasaktamuktam, prakṛtamidānīṃ varṇayiṣyāmaḥ || kiṃ punaḥ prakṛtam ? aikapadikasa māmnāyavyākhyānam | tatra yaduktaṃ taduktameva, yadanuktaṃ tadvaktavyamitīdamārabhyate,- "sasnimavindaccaraṇe nadīnām"- iti || iti nirukte pūrvaṣaṭke caturtho'dhyāyaḥ samāptaḥ | 4 || "sasnim (1)"- ityetadanavagatam | arthāpratīterapyananvita ityucyate | lakṣaṇāsampannaśca saṃskāraḥ gvalapi avijñānamityucyate | tatraivaṃ sati, kacitprakṛtyādeḥ saṃskāra- syānavagamaḥ, kacidarthāpratītireva, kvacidubhayasyāpyanavagamaḥ, yathāsminneva sasnimiti na vijñāyate || kimapyuktaṃ bhavati ? prakaraṇādatra meghābhidheyam | anyatrānyo'pi kaścit syāt prakaraṇaviśeṣādeva | evaṃ sarvatraidyopekṣitavyam | prakaraṇasāmarthyācchabdo'nyarthāntaraṃ bhajate |
77.1.11
viśvāvasordevagandharvasyeyamārṣam | gharmotsādane viniyuktā | tatroktam-parikṣinte gandharvanāmabhirupatiṣṭhanta ṛtvijo yajamānaśceti | tāmāmupasthānarcāmiyaṃ madhye maitrāyaṇīye | “sasniṃ” “saṃsnātam” adbhiḥ pariveṣṭitaṃ, sarvataḥ parisrutaṃ, dhautaṃ vā “megham” “avindat” alabhata ‘indraḥ’ | ka punaralabhata ? “caraṇe nadīnāṃ” yatra nadanā āpaścaranti, gacchanti, tatrālabhata, antarikṣaloke ityarthaḥ | āha–labdhvānantaraṃ kimakarāt ? iti | ucyate--“apāvṛṇot’ apāvṛtavān , udaghāṭitavānityarthaḥ | ‘duraḥ’ dvāraḥ | āha- kasya? ucyate-‘aśmavrajānāma’ apāmaśmā meghaḥ, tamātra ruḍhā yā vrajanti, sa ca yāsāṃ vrajabhūto goṣṭhabhūtaḥ, tā aśmavrajā āpaḥ, tāsāṃ nirgamanadvārāṇi apāvṛṇot | yā etā evaṃlakṣaṇā āpaḥ, ‘āsām’tāsām, asya ca indrasya ‘gandharvaḥ’viśvāvasuḥ ‘prāvocan’ ‘amṛtāni’ nāmāni, chāndasastutiyuktāni, tāni hi nityatvādamṛtāni | āha–kasmāt punarasyendrasyāmṛtāni prāvocadāmāñcāpām ? iti | ucyate–itaḥ yasmādasāvindraḥ‘dakṣaṃ’dātāraṃ megham | ayam āsām ‘ahīnām’ ayanānām, apāṃ dvāreṣu apāvṛteṣu, dānāya samarthoṃ bhaviṣyati–ityevaṃ‘parijānāt’parijñātavān|parijñāya ca apāvṛṇot duro'śmavrajānām| tasmādasyendrasyāmṛtāni nāmāni prāvocaddadviśrānena prakāreṇendreṇa dattābhiḥ sarvamevedaṃ jagad dhriyata iti āsāmapi apām anena hetunā prāvocaditi || evametasmin mantre caraṇe nadīnām avindat, apāvṛṇoñca duro'śmavrajānām, dakṣañca parijānāt-ityekavākyatāthasambandhāt sasniśabdo meghaviśeṣaṇam upapadyate ||
77.1.12
athavā-ayamanyasya mantrasya pādavyatyayenārthaḥ syāt,–saṃsnātaṃ meghamavindadalabhatendraḥ paryaiṣyamāṇaḥ || kāvindat ? caraṇe nadīnām, apām, antarikṣaloke | labdhvā ca sa eva indraḥ, taṃ meghaṃ, dakṣaṃ dātāram, ahīnām apāṃ parijānāt | parijñāya ca samartho'yamiti tatastasya duraḥ tasya maruto'psarasaḥ”-iti śrūyate | tasmādindrasyāpi gandharvatvamupapadyata eva | saca goḥ vajrasya dhārayitā iti gandharvaḥ | 5 |
Linked texts (1)
- Nirukta — Yāska, Sanskrit