Yāska's Nirukta 32
Niruktavṛtti 32
- Language
- Sanskrit
Contents
- 32.1 — 4 parts
32.1.1
“karmanāmānyuttarāṇi ṣaḍviṃśatiḥ” | karmaṇo nāmāni karmanāmāni uttarāṇi iti prakṛtebhyaḥ | jvalatyevāgnau karmāṇi kriyanta iti jvalannāmabhyaḥ uttarāṇi karmanāmāni|| kiyanti punastāni ? ṣaḍviṃśatiḥ ṣaḍadhikā viṃśatiḥ 26 || katamāni punastāni ? “apaḥ, apnaḥ, daṃsaḥ”-ityevamādīni | āpyate puruṣeṇaitat, āpnoti vā puruṣametaditi apaḥ, apnaḥ-ityetadāpnotereva | evamādi yojyam | 3 | "pariṣadyaṃ hi" "na hi grabhāya"- iti ca (a0 3, khaṃ03) | ete triṣṭubhau | vasiṣṭhāgnisaṃvāde vasiṣṭhena hataputreṇa agnirabhyarthitaḥ-putraṃ me dehīti | tena kilāsau pratyukta:-krītakakṛtrimadattakādīnāṃ putrāṇāmanyatamaṃ kuruṣva putramiti | sa evamuktaḥ etābhyāmṛgbhyāmanyajān putrān nindannaurasaṃ putraṃ yayāce | "pariṣadyaṃ0--0vi dukṣaḥ" | (ṛ0 saṃ0 5, 2, 6, 2) "pariṣadyaṃ" "pariharttavyaṃ" pariharaṇīyaṃ parityājyamityarthaḥ | kiṃ punastat ? "araṇasya rekṇaḥ" araṇasya apagatārṇasya apagatodakasambandhasya parakulajātasya rekṇaḥ yadapatyākhyaṃ dhanaṃ, tat pariharttavyam, na putratvena parikalpayitavyamityarthaḥ | na hi tat putratvena kalpyamānamapi putrakāryye'vatiṣṭhati, parakīyatvāt | yat evamato brūmaḥ- "nityamya rāyaḥ patayaḥ syāma" "pitryasyeva dhanasya" | yathā hi yadeva pitryaṃ dhanaṃ putratve bhavati | tasyaiva hyapari agauṇaṃ svāmitvaṃ bhavati | evaṃ yadeva svayaṃ jātamapatyaṃ bhavati, tadeva mukhyaṃ bhavati, netarat-kṣetrajaṃ vā krītakaṃ vā |
32.1.2
yata evamato brūmaḥ, - yadeva nityamātmīyamagauṇaṃ svayamutpāditaṃ putrākhyaṃ rāḥ dhanam, tasyaiva vayaṃ patayaḥ pālayitāraḥ syāma, mā parakīyasyetyabhiprāyaḥ | kasmāt punarevaṃ brūmahe ? itaḥ, - yasmāt “na śeṣo agne anyajātamasti" na asti śeṣaḥ nāstyapatyamanyena jātaṃ he agne ! ya eva janayati tasyaiva hi tad bhavati, netarasyetyabhiprāyaḥ | "acetanasya” ya eva hi acetayamāno bhavati, avidvān, pramādī, tasyaiva "acetayamānasya" "pramattasya" aśrutavato dharmān paritoṣamātraṃ “bhavati” - mamedamapatyamiti, na apatyakāryye'vatiṣṭhate || yata evamato brūmaḥ, - "mā patho vi dukṣaḥ" māsmānetasmāt pitṛpitāmahaprapitāmahānusantatāt pathaḥ mārgāt, yena kenacit pratyākhyānadvāreṇa "vidūduṣaḥ" | tvam, dehi naḥ putramaurasamityabhiprāyaḥ || iti samastārthaḥ || athaikapādaniruktam | "araṇo'pārṇaḥ" apagatodakasambandha ityarthaḥ || 'rekṇa iti dhananāma" taddhi 'ricyate" atiricyate ito lokādamuṃ lokaṃ "prayataḥ” mriyamāṇasyeśāsadvahniriti | eṣā triṣṭup | aindre sūkte viśvāmitreṇa dṛṣṭā mādhyandine savane ukthyaparyyāye acchāvākasya yacchastramabhijittriṣvajidādiṣvahīnakeṣvahaḥsu ahīnasūktaṃ nāma, tatraiṣā śasyate | “na jā̱maye̱ tānvaṃ ( 3 | 6 khaṃ0 )” - itīyamapi anayaiva samānārṣaviniyogadaivatacchandaskā | ‘śāsad vahniḥ’ “praśāsti” prakhyāpayati prajñāpayatītyarthaḥ || kaḥ punarasau praśāsti ! kiṃ vā praśāsti ! iti | “voḍhā” ya ūḍhoḍhā striyā bhavati saḥ, tasyāṃ yā jāyate duhitā, tasyāḥ putrabhāvaṃ praśāsti, — “santānakarmaṇe” arthāya ||
32.1.3
“duhitā, durhitā” sā hi yatraiva dīyate, tatraiva durhitā bhavati, “dūre” satī sā pituḥ “hitā” pathyā bhavatīti durhitetyucyate || “dogdhairvā” sā hi nityameva pituḥ sakāśāt dravyaṃ dogdhi | prārthanāparatvāt || āha-kathaṃ punargamyate praśāsti voḍhā santānakarmaṇe duhituḥ putrabhāvam ?, iti | ucyate-itaḥ | yasmāt ‘naptyaṃjñāt’ “naptāramupāgamat” upāgacchati cetasā | “dauhitram” duhitṛputram | “pautramiti” pautro mamāyamiti evamupāgacchati | na cāputrasya pautraḥ syāt, upāgacchati ca duhituḥ pitā pautro mamāyamiti dauhitram | tasmād duhitāpi putra eva, yasyāḥ putraḥ pautro mamāyamityevaṃ cetasā upagamyate | ‘vidvām̐ ṛtasya dīdhitiṃ saparyan’ | ‘vidvān’ | kasya ? ‘ṛtasya’ “''''''sya” | ṛta ityetadpaṭhitaṃ yajñanāma | ‘dīdhitiṃ’ vidhānamityarthaḥ | prajananayajñavidhānamaviśeṣeṇa ‘saparyan’ pūjayannityarthaḥ || yathaiva hi putrajanane prajananayajñastanyate tathaiva hi duhitṛjanane'pi,—yaireva mantrairyainaiva ca vidhānena putragarbha ādhīyate, taireva mantraistenaiva ca vidhānena duhitṛgarbho'pi || atha “vā” ṛtaśabdena reta ucyate | tat “aṅgādaṅgād” yat sambhūtaṃ tat sarvagātrebhyaḥ hṛdayānurasmaraṇanimittena garbhajanane “mātari” pratyṛtaṃ pravṛttaṃ bhavati retaḥ, tasya “retasaḥ” “vidhānam aviśeṣeṇa pūjayan” sa voḍhā dauhitraṃ pautro mamāyamityevamupagacchati cetasā |
32.1.4
yenaiva hi vidhānena putrajanane reta utsṛjyate, tenaiva hi duhitṛjanane'pi, tatraivaṃ mati reta utsargavidhyaviśeṣāt prajananayajñāviśeṣādvā “aviśeṣeṇa” “mithunāḥ” puruṣāḥ striyaśca ubhaye'pi dāyādā ityevameke dharmavido manyante |
32.2
āha-“karma kasmāt” ? ucyate-“kriyata iti sataḥ”| sata iti kārakāvadhāraṇārthamiti |
garttaśabdaprasaktamucyate, - "śmaśānasañcayo'pi gartta ucyate" | "gurateḥ (tu0 ā0 )" udyamanārthasya | sa hi lokavināśāyobhyudyata iva bhavati | yāni hi tatra piśācādīni sattvānyāśritāni bhavanti | tāni janamaraṇamāśāsate, mriyamāṇeṣu janeṣu tāni pramuditāni bhavanti ||
"śmaśānaṃ śmaśayanam" ityākhyānaprasaktamucyate | tatra hi śma śete'treti śmaśayanaṃ sat tat śmaśānamityucyate ||
śmaśabdārthamāha, - "śma śarīram" iti | taddhi tatra śete, tatra hi tannikṣipyate mṛtasya sataḥ ||
"śarīraṃ śṛṇāteḥ" "śamnātervā" kṛtavyākhyānamapi punarāha mukhyatvādasya | tatra aupamikaṃ vṛtrasambandhāt | na hi vṛtrasya mukhyaṃ śarīram ||
śmaśabdaprasaktaṃ nirāha, - "śmaśru loma" iti, taddhi "śmani" śarīre "śritaṃ bhavati" ||
paryāyaprasaktaṃ nirāha, - "loma lunāteḥ (kryā0, u0)" taddhi lūyate | "līyatervā (di0 ā0 )" taddhi śarīre līyate ||
tatra nigamamapi caudāharanti, - śmaśānasañcayo'pi gartta ucyata iti "noparasyāviṣku̍ryād yadupa̍rasyā̱viṣku̱ryyād ga̍rttapraiṣaḥ syāt pramā̍yuko yaja̍mānaḥ" iti | upara iti yūpasyādhaḥpradeśa ucyate, "pañcamabhāgoparā yūpāḥ" - iti hyuktam | tadataṣṭaṃ yūpasya na āviṣkuryyāt - ityarthaḥ | pāṃsubhistadavacchādanīyaṃ barhiṣā ca | yadi punaḥ uparākhya kaścidapyavayavam āviṣkuryyāt garttapraiṣaḥ garttapratiṣṭhaḥ śmaśānapratiṣṭhaḥ, pramāyukaḥ pramaraṇadharmmāyureva yathāvihitādāyuṣo yajamānaḥ syāt | "ityapi nigamo bhavati" apyayamapyanye bahava ityapi śabdaḥ |
5 |
32.3
“apatyanāmānyuttarāṇi pañcadaśa”| apatyasya nāmāni apatyanāmāni uttarāṇiiti prakṛtebhyaḥ karmanāmabhyaḥ | sarvakarmaṇā hyapatyotpādanakarmeva pradhānamṛṇāpākaraṇadvāreṇeti karmanāmabhya uttarāṇi apatyanāmāni || kiyanti punastāni? pañcadaśa, pañca ca daśa ca 15 || katamāni punastāni ? “tuka, tokam,.. tanaya.”-ityevamādīni | tuka takaterdhātostujyatervā tokam tudyateḥ | tanayaḥ tanoteriti vakṣyati |
"ratho'pi gartta ucyate" | "gṛṇāteḥ" stutyarthasya | taddhi "statutamaṃ yānam" aśvādibhyo yānebhyaḥ suṣṭhutara hi tena gamyate |
ratho'pi gartta ityāsminnarthe "ārohatho varuṇamitra gartamityapi nigamo bhavati" |
"hiraṇyarūpa̱muṣaso̱ vyuṣṭā̱vaya̍ḥsthūṇa̱mudi̍tā̱ sūryya̍sya | āro̍hatho varuṇa mitra̱ gartta̱mata̍ścakṣāthe̱ adi̍ti̱ṃ diti̍ṃ ca ||-iti ( ṛ0 saṃ0 4, 3, 31, 3)" śrutavidātreya etayā triṣṭubhā mitrāvaruṇāvastaut | rājasūye'bhiṣecanīyo nāma kratuḥ, atra yajamānasya rathamārurukṣataḥ gṛhīteṣudhanuṣkau bāhū anayā abhimantryete | tāvevātra mitrāvaruṇāvabhipretāvadhidevatābhiprāyeṇa | evaṃ hyāha- " mitro'sītīmamabhimantrayate mitrasya hyetadrūpam, varuṇo'sītīmaṃ varuṇasyaitadrūpam” iti, tāvucyete|he “mitra!varuṇa!” • 'hiraṇyarūpaṃ' hiraṇyasadṛśavarṇam 'uṣaso vyuṣṭau' uṣaso vyucchedakāle 'uditā' ca udayakāle 'sūryyasya' yau yuvāmetasmin kāle evaṃrūpam 'ayaḥsthūṇam' ayomayaṃ sthūṇaṃ svaṃ "gartta" ratham "ārohathaḥ” tau yuvāṃ bravīmi mamāpyevaṃ rathaṃ garttametasmin vidhāvaṅgabhūtaṃ tatsvarūpameva sāmpratamārohatam, 'ataḥ' enamāruhya 'cakṣāthe' kurunamityarthaḥ | 'aditiṃ ditiṃ ca' adīnamanupakṣīṇamātmapakṣaṃ dīnaṃ copakṣīṇamamitrapakṣamityarthaḥ |
5 |
32.4
āha--“apatyaṃ kasmāt”? ucyate “apatataṃ bhavati” pituḥ makāśādetya pṛthagiva tataṃ bhavati || atha “vā” “anena” jātena matā pitā narakaṃ “na patatīti”–ityapatyam |
atra punarvivadante,-dvayoḥ saṃgate kiṃ kṣetriṇo'patyamuta bījinaḥ ? iti | “tat” etaducyate, “yathā janayituḥ” eva “prajā” bhavati, “evamarthīye ṛcā udāhariṣyāmaḥ”
"garttaḥ sabhāsthāṇuḥ"-ityata ārabhya prasaktānuprasaktamuktam || "jāyeva̱ patya̍ uśa̱tī su̱vāsā̍ u̱ṣā ha̱sreva̱ nirṇi̍ṇīte a̱psaḥ"-iti | ayamapyarcaḥ pūrvameva vyākhyāto bhāṣyakāravyākhyānukramaṃ bhittvā asmābhiḥ,tathodyagvākyasyāpyaikavākyatā na vicchinnā bhavediti |
1 ) ityasyā ṛcaḥ uttaro'rddharca utsṛṣṭaḥ, sa evābhrātṛkāvādapakṣeṇaiva nirucyate | pūrvo'pi ca śāsadvahirityayamabhrātṛmatīvādapakṣeṇaiva yojayitavyaḥ | eṣa eva hi sthitaḥ pakṣaḥ | tasyā eva hyabhrātṛmatyā yaḥ putro bhavati,tameva putrikāvidhānena kṛtābhisandhitvāt pautro mamāyamiti añjan san mātāmaha upagacchati, netarān bhrātṛmatīputrān | anyathā sarva eva hi voḍhāro'putrāḥ syuḥ | tato vivāhapariśramo vyartha eva syān| athavā sarva eva loko dvayāmuṣyāyaṇa eva syāt | kiṃca, putrikāpiturapi yā bhāryyā sānyasya duhiteti tasyāmapi yā jāyate sā mātāmahasyaiva, netarasya putrikāpituḥ syāt | aniṣṭaṃ caitat sarvam | tasmād yaivābhisandhipūrvakaṃ dharmeṇa putrikā kriyate, tasyā eva putro mātāmahasya bhavati, na sarvasyā iti, saiva ca dāyādyārhā, netarā bhrātṛmatyaḥ | ata idamucyate,-“pitā yatra duhituḥ" iti | 'pitā yatra' yasmin kāle duhituḥ “apraktāyāḥ” prāk pradānādityarthaḥ | “retaḥ sekaṃ” retasaḥ sektāraṃ yo duhitari retaḥ siñcati taṃ jāmātaraṃ "prārjayati" prasādhayati, prakalpayati, upāvarttayatītyarthaḥ | tadā tasmai tāṃ duhitaraṃ dadat kiṃ karoti ? 'saṃśagmyena manasā dadhanve' “sandadhāti” abhisandadhāti “ātmānam" yadatrāpatyamutpatsyate tanmameti | kathaṃ punarabhisandadhātyātmānamiti 'saṃśagmyena' 'manasā' “saṅgamena” “manasā” vigatāputratvasantāpena cetasā - 'nāhamaputraḥ, iyameva putrikā mama putraḥ, yo hyasyāmutpatsyate, sa pautro mama bhaviṣyati' ityevaṃ sukhena manasā sandadhātyātmānaṃ tasyāṃ putrikāyām | tatraivaṃ sati yastasyāmeva kṛtaputrikādharmiṇyāmutpadyate dauhitraḥ, tameva 'naptā mamāyam' ityevamupagacchati mātāmahaḥ; na bharvāneva dauhitrān | ( a ) bhrātṛmatyā api sa tasyā eva putro mātāmahasya pautro bhavati, na sarvasyāḥ, iti saiva ca dāyādyārhā, netarā | sa eva ca mukhyayā
32.5
"catasra upamāḥ”-iti yaduktaṃ bhāṣyakāreṇa, tadapi parisaṃkhyāya tāḥ upamāḥ upapāditāḥ asmābhiḥ | evam “abhrā̱teva̍ puṃsa e̍ti pratī̱cī”-ityanena pādenāsyāmṛci anirvāho darśitaḥ || anyatrāpi coktam,-“nābhrātṛkāmupayaccheta tokaṃ hyasya tad bhavati-iti” | ayamasmin vākye nābhrātṛkāmupayaccheta-iti pratyakṣa evopayamanapratiṣedho vivāhārthe pāṇigrahaṇapratiṣedha ityarthaḥ | pūrvayorhi mantrayorupamayā ligato vivāhapratiṣedho darśitaḥ,
etasmiṃstu vākye sākṣādeva pratiṣedhaḥ āhatya vidhānenaiva nābhrātṛkāmupayaccheteti | ata idamuktam,-"upayamanapratiṣedhaḥ pratyakṣaḥ”-iti || āha-kimupayamanapratiṣedha eva ? netyucyate-“pituśca putrabhāvaḥ” pratyakṣaḥ śrūyate | katham ? "tokaṃ hyasya tad bhavati"-iti | tokamityapatyanāma | yadapatyamabhrātṛkāyāḥ tat piturbhavati, netarasya voḍhuḥ, ityevamitarasya vivāhapratiṣedha eva netyucyate putrabhāvāditarasya ca putrikāpiturapatyaprāptiriti | tasmādupapannaṃ bhavati,-yaivābhrātṛmatī, saiva paitṛkaṃ dhanamarhati netareti |
32.6
adhunā yo'sau śāsadvahniḥ ( 3 |
vṛttyā mātāmahasyaiva pautro bhavati, netare bhrātṛmatīputrāḥ | te hi gauṇyā vṛttyā janayituḥ pituḥ pautrāḥ santo mātāmahasya pautrā ityucyante kadācilloke śāstre vā |† tatraivaṃ sati “aṅgādaṅgāt sambhavasi” “ātmā vai putranāmāsi” ityevamādiṣu gauṇaṃ duhituḥ putratvamucyate | kiṃca, yadi duhitā putreṇa aviśiṣṭā eva syāt, tato duhiteti viśeṣasamākhyā naiva syāt, asti ceyam | tasmād viśiṣṭataraḥ putro duhituḥ sakāśādityapapadyate || yadapi coktam,-“aviśeṣeṇa putrāṇāṃ dāyo bhavati”—iti, tadapyabhrātṛ• matīpakṣe draṣṭavyam || athavā vedasmṛtyorvirodhe vedadṛṣṭa eva dharmo jyāyān, na smṛtidṛṣṭaḥ |
tasmiṃśca vede “athaitāṃ jāmyā rikthapratiṣedha udāharanti” dharmavidaḥ,-yeyamṛg vakṣyamāṇā (6 kha0) “na jāmaye tānvaḥ”--iti || athaśabdo viśeṣādhikārārthaḥ || ' 'jyeṣṭhaṃ putrikāyā ityeke| "jyeṣṭhamapatyaṃ yatputrikāyāstadeva mātāmahasya netarāṇi|itarāṇi janayiturevetyevameke manyante || athavā jyeṣṭhaṃ putrikāyā ityeka iti | yadā utpṛṣṭāyāṃ putrikāyāṃ putrikāpituranye putrā jāyeran, tadā vibhāgakāle jyeṣṭhaṃ dhanabhāgaṃ putrikāyai eva dadyāt, yathābhāgamitarān vibhajet, abhāgā eva tvitarā duhitara iti | tadetadanayārcā nirucyate yathā hi duhitṛṇāṃ bhāgo nāstīti- ||
na jāmaye bhaginyai || jāmiranye'syāṃ janayanti jāmapatyam | jamatervā syādgatikarmaṇo nirgamanaprāyā bhavati || tānva ātmajaḥ putro rikthaṃ prāricat prādāt || cakā-
Linked texts (1)
- Nirukta — Yāska, Sanskrit