Yāska's Nirukta 9.4

9.4

"tadyatra svarasaṃskārau samarthau prādeśikena guṇenānvitau syātāṃ saṃvijñātāni tāni || yathā gauraśvaḥ puruṣo hastīti || " iti tadetat prapañcyate gārgyapakṣeṇa | yānyākhyātajāni nāmāni, yāni vā neti evaṃ paryupayuktastacchabdaḥ | iha trividhā
vyavasthā nāmnām | tadyathā-pratyakṣakriyāṇi, prakalpyakriyāṇi, avidyamānakriyāṇi iti | tatra pratyakṣakriyāṇi, tadyathā--kārako hāraka iti | prakalpyakriyāṇi, tadyathā-gauraśva iti | avidyamānakriyāṇi, tadyathā--ḍittho ḍavitthaḥ, aravindo rvārviṇḍa iti | tatraivaṃ sati
yeṣvityarthaḥ | keṣu ?, nāmasu |
svaraścodāttādiḥ, saṃskāraśca prakṛtipratyayādibhiḥ, etau svarasaṃskārau |
samarthatā nāmopapattirucyate-saṅgatārthau, lakṣaṇāśāstravihitayopapattyā yuktāvityarthaḥ | yathaiva lakṣaṇāvipratipattyā mvare'vasthitaḥ, evaṃ saṃskāro'pi | yeṣvapi ca
pradiśyate dravyamanayeti pradeśaḥ kriyā yā tasmin dravye avasthitā--yaddhetukastasya nāmadheyapratilambho'bhipretastasyāḥ pradeśākhyāyāḥ kriyāyā abhidhāyako yo dhātuḥ sa
ityucyate | anyatra hi guṇaśabdo'pradhāne vartate | śeṣaḥ, aṅgaṃ, guṇaḥ iti samānārthāḥ | pradhānaṃ tu tatra kriyā pradeśākhyā, tadabhidhāyako
guṇākhyaḥ, sa pradeśavācakatvāt prādeśiko guṇa ityucyate | tena dhāturūpeṇānvitāvanugatau svarasaṃskārau syātāṃ bhavetāṃ yeṣām•||
āha-kiṃ teṣāmiti?, ucyate--
mamaṃ vijñātāni aikamatyena vijñātānītyarthaḥ | teṣu tāvadavipratipattirevāsmākamākhyātajāni nāmānīti | tadyathā--karttā, kārakaḥ, paktā, pācaka iti | na punaryathā gauraśvaḥ puruṣo hastīti | kiṃ kāraṇam ?, eteṣu prakalpyante kriyāḥ, na sākṣādupalabhyante | api caiteṣu kalpayitumapi tāvacchakyante | na ḍitthādiṣu punaḥ kalpayitumapi śakyante | tasmānna sarvāṇyākhyātajāni nāmānīti | tad yadukaṃ 'sarvāṇyākhyātajāni nāmāni' iti, taidayuktam | rūḍhiśabdeṣu ca kriyāḥ kevalaṃ śabdavyutpattikarmaṇyupalakṣaṇabhūtā nimittabhāvenopādīyante, na vastuto'rthakriyāsvanusahāyībhāvaṃ prati | tatra śabdasyām̐pracyutā | upalakṣite'nupravṛtte'bhidhāne nivṛttāyāṃ kriyāyāmuparatasādhanavyāpāraṃ nirūpya kriyāyāmabhidhānaṃ vastumātrasya pratinirdeśakaṃ rūḍhirityabhidhīyate ||
aparo vyākhyāmārgaḥ
yatra yasminnāmni
samarthau aṣṭādhyāyīlakṣaṇopapattyā yuktau, pradeśābhidhāyinā ca dhātvākhyena
anugatau,
nyāyavatkarmanāmikasaṃyuktana saṃskāreṇa | tadyathā -karttā, kārakaḥ, paktā, pācaka ityevamādi | tadākhyātajaṃ guṇakṛtamiti pratīma iti vākyaśeṣaḥ | yeṣu punaraṣṭādhyāyīlakṣaṇaparāṅmukhau svarasaṃskārāvanugatau, na ca nyāyyakarmanāmikasaṃskārayuktena pradeśākhyena dhāturūpeṇa || kiṃ teṣāmiti?, ucyate--
saṃvijñānapadamitīha śāstre rūḍhiśabdasyeyaṃ sañjñā | vakṣyati hi, agnirindra ityevamādīnāṃ saṃvijñānapadatvam,-
tathā vṛtrahā purandara ityevamādīnāṃ guṇapadatvam | sa evāyamihāpi vibhāgo draṣṭavyaḥ | tatra guṇapadāni,-kārakapācakādīni | saṃvijñānapadāni tāni “yathā-gauraśvaḥ puruṣo hastī” ityevamādīni | na hyeṣāṃ gavādīnām aṣṭādhyāyyāṃ vyutpattilakṣaṇamasti, tasmādrūḍhiśabdā evaita iti || anye tu pradeśo vyākaraṇamiti vyācakṣate | tatra hi śabdānāṃ lakṣaṇāni pradiśyante | tatkṛtaḥ kaścillakṣṇānugrahaḥ, lakṣaṇāvayavo vā guṇa ityucyate,-prasiddho hi guṇaśabdo'nugrahe'vayave ca | tadyathā-‘guṇe mamārthaṃ varttate’ ityukte'nugrahe varttate iti gamyate | avayave'pi-‘dviguṇā rajjuḥ’ ‘triguṇā’ iti cokte dvayavayavā tryavayaveti dā gamyate | śeṣaṃ samānameva pūrtvābhyāmarthābhyām || athavā ‘saṃvijñānāni tāni’ saṃvijñātāni tāni ca’ ityubhāvapyetau pāṭhau | tasmādubhayathā'pi vyākhyātavyam | sattvaṃ pradeśa iti kecidaṅgabhūtā kriyā guṇa iti vyācakṣate |
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