Praudhamanorama 60_362

60_362

[On] “kartur īpsitatamaṃ karma” (1.4.49): kartuḥ is a genitive case denoting the agent by “ktasya ca vartamāne.” From the desiderative base of the root āp, the suffix kta is added in the present tense by “matibuddhipūjārthebhyaś ca.” mati means desire, not cognition, because of the separate mention of buddhi. And thus the meaning is: the object most desired to be attained by the agent is karma. And the agent is the substratum of the activity denoted by the verbal root. And upon the expectancy “by what does he desire to attain?”, it is obtained from the sense: “by the activity that has become a qualifier.” This is what he means by saying “by the action.” The present tense presented by the suffix kta is not intended here. Thereby, kaṭaṃ kṛtavān, kaṭaṃ kariṣyati, and the like are established.
[On the word] “kārakam”: And this is obtained from the governing rule “kārake.” For there, by interchange, the locative has the sense of the nominative. Dividing the sentence in each sūtra, the technical name kāraka is prescribed. Thus: that which is stationary when departure occurs shall have the technical name kāraka. Then, “apādānam”: the stated kāraka shall have the technical name apādāna. Again, by virtue of the continuation of the word kāraka, it co-applies with the specific technical names.
And this technical name is etymologically significant: that which acts is a kāraka. Therefore, it does not apply to that which is not connected with the action—[as in] brāhmaṇasya putraṃ panthānaṃ pṛcchati. For here, the brāhmaṇa is a qualifier of the son, and is not connected with the action.
Or rather, the word kāraka refers to action, derived as 'it makes the designations agent, object, etc.' And so, by the presence of [the sense] 'in an action' in the rule prescribing the technical names apādāna and the rest, those very technical names are prescribed only for those elements that are connected with an action. In rules such as 'kārakād dattaśrutayoḥ' (Pā. sū. 6.2.148), however, the word kāraka is given a high pitch (svarita); by that, only the group of six—agent and so forth—stated in this heading rule is grasped. On this view, even in the gloss the meaning of 'kāraka' is 'connected with an action'. On the first view, however, the explanation is: 'let there be the technical name kāraka, and let that kāraka have the technical name karman.'