Praudhamanorama 60_391

60_391

In this statement of the ancient authorities, the mention of the sixth case ending is an indirect indication also of the case ending that is an exception to it. The statement "twofold" is to be explained by coreferentiality and non-coreferentiality, or by taking the sixth case ending and its exception as a single alternative.
[On the phrase] "fie upon the non-devotee of Kṛṣṇa" (dhik kṛṣṇābhaktam): The meaning is that he is blameworthy. How [is it used in] "fie, fool!" (dhiṅ mūrkha)? Because, as already stated earlier, a word in the vocative is connected with an action, there is no connection with the word dhik. And the verbal form is in some cases explicitly heard and in some cases implied—this is another matter. And so, the meaning of the sentence is: prohibited conduct, etc., addressed to a fool is condemned. By this, expressions such as "alas, father!" (hā tāta), "alas, queen, be firm!" (hā devi dhīrā bhava), etc., are explained.
As for what they say: because of the maxim 'a kāraka case ending is stronger than an upapada case ending', only the nominative occurs in address because the word in the vocative expresses the agent kāraka; that is weak, because it is impossible to state that the vocative word is an agent kāraka. If it is argued that in 'O god, be pleased!' and the like, in reality only the god is the agent, not by that much is the status of being a kāraka case ending obtained. Moreover, in 'O god, I worship you', 'They worship you', and so forth, the person addressed does not have even real agency; so let that be for now.
Regarding 'uparyupari': how then is 'The minds of lords move above and above the minds [of ordinary men]'? It is replied: it means they move above the 'above-minds', that is, the superficial minds. And thus, because of the absence of being an āmreḍita, the accusative does not occur.