Γεωγραφικά 1.4.8

1.4.8

ἔτι δὲ παχυμερέστερον τὸ φήσαντα μὴ ὁρᾶν εἰς τί πραγματικὸν καταστρέφει τὸ τοὺς ὅρους ζητεῖν, παραθεῖναι τὸν Κολυττὸν καὶ τὴν Μελίτην, εἶτʼ εἰς τἀναντία περιτρέπεσθαι. εἰ γὰρ οἱ περὶ Θυρεῶν καὶ Ὠρωποῦ πόλεμοι διὰ τὰς τῶν ὅρων ἀγνοίας ἀπέβησαν, εἰς πραγματικόν τι καταστρέφον τὸ διαχωρίζειν τὰς χώρας· ἢ τοῦτο λέγει, ὡς ἐπὶ μὲν τῶν χωρίων καὶ νὴ Δία τῶν καθʼ ἕκαστα ἐθνῶν πραγματικὸν τὸ διορίζειν ἀκριβῶς, ἐπὶ δὲ τῶν ἠπείρων περιττόν; καίτοι οὐδὲ ἐνταῦθα ἧττον οὐδέν· γένοιτο γὰρ ἂν καὶ ἐπὶ τούτων ἡγεμόσι μεγάλοις ἀμφισβήτησις, τῷ μὲν ἔχοντι τὴν Ἀσίαν, τῷ δὲ τὴν Λιβύην, ὁποτέρου δή ἐστιν ἡ Αἴγυπτος, δηλονότι ἡ κάτω λεγομένη τῆς Αἰγύπτου χώρα. κἂν ἐάσῃ δέ τις τοῦτο διὰ τὸ σπάνιον, ἄλλως φατέον διαιρεῖσθαι τὰς ἠπείρους κατὰ μέγαν διορισμὸν καὶ πρὸς τὴν οἰκουμένην ὅλην ἀναφερόμενον· καθʼ ὃν οὐδὲ τούτου φροντιστέον, εἰ οἱ τοῖς ποταμοῖς διορίσαντες ἀπολείπουσί τινα χωρία ἀδιόριστα, τῶν ποταμῶν μὴ μέχρι τοῦ ὠκεανοῦ διηκόντων μηδὲ νήσους ὡς ἀληθῶς ἀπολειπόντων τὰς ἠπείρους.

The reasoning of Eratosthenes, however, is still more absurd, when he declares that he sees no advantage in being acquainted with the exact boundaries of countries, and then cites the example of Colyttus and Melitè, which prove just the contrary of his assertion. Surely if a want of certainty respecting the boundaries of Thyrea and Oropus gave rise to war, a knowledge of the limits of different districts must be of practical importance. Will he tell us that the boundaries of districts, or the limits of kingdoms, may be of some service, but when applied to continents it is carrying the matter too far. We reply, it is of equal consequence here. Suppose a dispute between two powerful princes, one claiming the possession of Asia and the other of Africa, to which of these should Egypt, I mean the country called Lower Egypt, appertain. Will any one paws over such cases on account of their rarity? By no means. It is acknowledged by every one that the limits of each continent ought to be defined by some notable boundary, indicated by the configuration of the whole habitable earth. In following out this principle, we should not be very particular if they who determine boundaries by the rivers leave some districts undefined, since the rivers do not reach from sea to sea, nor leave the continents altogether as islands.