Γεωγραφικα 15.1.42

15.1.42

θήρα δὲ τῶν θηρίων τούτων τοιάδε. χωρίον ψιλὸν ὅσον τεττάρων ἢ πέντε σταδίων τάφρῳ περιχαράξαντες βαθείᾳ γεφυροῦσι τὴν εἴσοδον στενωτάτῃ γεφύρᾳ· εἶτʼ εἰσαφιᾶσι θηλείας τὰς ἡμερωτάτας τρεῖς ἢ τέτταρας, αὐτοὶ δʼ ἐν καλυβίοις κρυπτοῖς ὑποκάθηνται λοχῶντες· ἡμέρας μὲν οὖν οὐ προσίασιν οἱ ἄγριοι, νύκτωρ δʼ ἐφʼ ἕνα ποιοῦνται τὴν εἴσοδον· εἰσιόντων δὲ κλείουσι τὴν εἴσοδον λάθρᾳ, εἶτα τῶν ἡμέρων ἀθλητῶν τοὺς ἀλκιμωτάτους εἰσάγοντες διαμάχονται πρὸς αὐτούς, ἅμα καὶ λιμῷ καταπονοῦντες· ἤδη δὲ καμνόντων οἱ εὐθαρσέστατοι τῶν ἡνιόχων λάθρᾳ καταβαίνοντες ὑποδύνουσιν ἕκαστος τῇ γαστρὶ τοῦ οἰκείου ὀχήματος· ὁρμώμενος δʼ ἐνθένδε ὑποδύνει τῷ ἀγρίῳ καὶ σύμποδα δεσμεῖ· γενομένου δὲ τούτου κελεύουσι τοῖς τιθασοῖς τύπτειν τοὺς συμποδισθέντας ἕως ἂν πέσωσιν εἰς τὴν γῆν, πεσόντων δʼ ὠμοβοΐνοις ἱμᾶσι προσλαμβάνονται τοὺς αὐχένας αὐτῶν πρὸς τοὺς τῶν τιθασῶν· ἵνα δὲ μὴ σειόμενοι τοὺς ἀναβαίνειν ἐπʼ αὐτοὺς ἐπιχειροῦντας ἀποσείοιντο, τοῖς τραχήλοις αὐτῶν ἐμβάλλονται κύκλῳ τομὰς καὶ κατʼ αὐτὰς τοὺς ἱμάντας περιτιθέασιν ὥσθʼ ὑπʼ ἀλγηδόνων εἴκειν τοῖς δεσμοῖς καὶ ἡσυχάζειν· τῶν δʼ ἁλόντων ἀπολέξαντες τοὺς πρεσβυτέρους ἢ νεωτέρους τῆς χρείας τοὺς λοιποὺς ἀπάγουσιν εἰς τοὺς σταθμούς, δήσαντες δὲ τοὺς μὲν πόδας πρὸς ἀλλήλους τοὺς δὲ αὐχένας πρὸς κίονα εὖ πεπηγότα, δαμάζουσι λιμῷ· ἔπειτα χλόῃ καλάμου καὶ πόας ἀναλαμβάνουσι· μετὰ δὲ ταῦτα πειθαρχεῖν διδάσκουσι, τοὺς μὲν διὰ λόγου τοὺς δὲ μελισμῷ τινι καὶ τυμπανισμῷ κηλοῦντες· σπάνιοι δʼ οἱ δυστιθάσευτοι· φύσει γὰρ διάκεινται πράως καὶ ἡμέρως, ὥστʼ ἐγγὺς εἶναι λογικῷ ζῴῳ· οἱ δὲ καὶ ἐξαίμους τοὺς ἡνιόχους ἐν τοῖς ἀγῶσι πεσόντας ἀνελόμενοι σώζουσιν ἐκ τῆς μάχης, τοὺς δὲ ὑποδύντας μεταξὺ τῶν προσθίων ποδῶν ὑπερμαχόμενοι διέσωσαν· τῶν δὲ χορτοφόρων καὶ διδασκάλων εἴ τινα παρὰ θυμὸν ἀπέκτειναν, οὕτως ἐπιποθοῦσιν ὥσθʼ ὑπʼ ἀνίας ἀπέχεσθαι τροφῆς, ἔστι δʼ ὅτε καὶ ἀποκαρτερεῖν.

The manner of hunting the elephant is as follows: Round a bare spot a ditch is dug, of about four or five stadia in extent, and at the place of entrance a very narrow bridge is constructed. Into the enclosure three or four of the tamest female elephants are driven. The men themselves lie in wait under cover of concealed huts. The wild elephants do not approach the females by day, but at night they enter the enclosure one by one; when they have passed the entrance, the men secretly close it. They then introduce the strongest of the tame combatants, the drivers of which engage with the wild animals, and also wear them out by famine; when the latter are exhausted by fatigue, the boldest of the drivers gets down unobserved, and creeps under the belly of his own elephant. From this position he creeps beneath the belly of the wild elephant, and ties his legs together; when this is done, a signal is given to the tame elephants to beat those which are tied by the legs, till they fall to the ground. After they have fallen down, they fasten the wild and tame elephants together by the neck with thongs of raw cow-hide, and, in order that they may not be able to shake off those who are attempting to mount them, cuts are made round the neck, and thongs of leather are put into these incisions, so that they submit to their bonds through pain, and so remain quiet. Among the elephants which are taken, those are rejected which are too old or too young for service; the remainder are led away to the stables. They tie their feet one to another, and their necks to a pillar firmly fastened in the ground, and tame them by hunger. They recruit their strength afterwards with green cane and grass. They then teach them to obey; some by words; others they pacify by tunes, accompanied with the beating of a drum. Few are difficult to be tamed; for they are naturally of a mild and gentle disposition, so as to approximate to the character of a rational animal. Some have taken up their drivers, who have fallen on the ground lifeless, and carried them safe out of battle. Others have fought, and protected their drivers, who have crept between their fore-legs. If they have killed any of their feeders or masters in anger, they feel their loss so much that they refuse their food through grief, and sometimes die of hunger.