Γεωγραφικα 2.1.12

2.1.12

καὶ τὰ ἑξῆς δὲ πλήρη μεγάλων ἀποριῶν ἐστιν. ὅρα γάρ, εἰ τοῦτο μὲν μὴ κινοίη τις τὸ τὰ ἄκρα τῆς Ἰνδικῆς τὰ μεσημβρινὰ ἀνταίρειν τοῖς κατὰ Μερόην, μηδὲ τὸ διάστημα τὸ ἀπὸ Μερόης ἐπὶ τὸ στόμα τὸ κατὰ τὸ Βυζάντιον, ὅτι ἐστὶ περὶ μυρίους σταδίους καὶ ὀκτακισχιλίους, ποιοίη δὲ τρισμυρίων τὸ ἀπὸ τῶν μεσημβρινῶν Ἰνδῶν μέχρι τῶν ὀρῶν, ὅσα ἂν συμβαίη ἄτοπα. τὸ πρῶτον μὲν γὰρ εἴπερ ὁ αὐτός ἐστι παράλληλος ὁ διὰ Βυζαντίου τῷ διὰ Μασσαλίας, καθάπερ εἴρηκεν Ἵππαρχος πιστεύσας Πυθέᾳ, ὁ δʼ αὐτὸς καὶ μεσημβρινός ἐστιν ὁ διὰ Βυζαντίου τῷ διὰ Βορυσθένους, ὅπερ καὶ αὐτὸ δοκιμάζει ὁ Ἵππαρχος, δοκιμάζει δὲ καὶ τὸ ἀπὸ Βυζαντίου διάστημα ἐπὶ τὸν Βορυσθένη σταδίους εἶναι τρισχιλίους ἑπτακοσίους, τοσοῦτοι ἂν εἶεν καὶ οἱ ἀπὸ Μασσαλίας ἐπὶ τὸν διὰ Βορυσθένους παράλληλον, ὅς γε διὰ τῆς Κελτικῆς παρωκεανίτιδος ἂν εἴη· τοσούτους γάρ πως διελθόντες συνάπτουσι τῷ ὠκεανῷ.

But the system of Hipparchus altogether teems with difficulties. Reflect for an instant on the following absurdity; after admitting that the southern extremity of India is under the same degree of latitude as Meroe, and that the distance from Meroe to the Strait of Byzantium is about 18,000 stadia, lie then makes the distance from the southern extremity of India to the mountains 30,000 stadia. Since Byzantium and Marseilles are under the same parallel of latitude, as Hipparchus tells us they are, on the authority of Pytheas, and since Byzantium and the Dnieper have also the same meridian, as Hipparchus equally assures us, if we take his assertion that there is a distance of 3700 stadia between Byzantium and the Dnieper, there will of course be a like difference between the latitude of Marseilles and the Dnieper. This would make the latitude of the Dnieper identical with that of Keltica next the Ocean; for on proceeding 3700 stadia [north of Marseilles], we reach the ocean.