Γεωγραφικα 2.1.14

2.1.14

φέρε δὴ ἐπὶ τὴν ἀνταίρουσαν τῇ Κινναμωμοφόρῳ καὶ ἐπὶ τοῦ αὐτοῦ παραλλήλου πρὸς ἕω κειμένην ὑποβῶμεν. αὕτη δʼ ἐστὶν ἡ περὶ τὴν Ταπροβάνην· ἡ δὲ Ταπροβάνη πεπίστευται σφόδρα ὅτι τῆς Ἰνδικῆς πρόκειται πελαγία μεγάλη νῆσος πρὸς νότον, μηκύνεται δὲ ἐπὶ τὴν Αἰθιοπίαν πλέον ἢ πεντακισχιλίους σταδίους, ὥς φασιν, ἐξ ἧς καὶ ἐλέφαντα κομίζεσθαι πολὺν εἰς τὰ τῶν Ἰνδῶν ἐμπόρια καὶ χελώνεια καὶ ἄλλον φόρτον. ταύτῃ δὴ τῇ νήσῳ πλάτος προστεθὲν τὸ ἀνάλογον τῷ μήκει καὶ δίαρμα τὸ ἐπʼ αὐτὴν ἐκ τῆς Ἰνδικῆς τῶν μὲν τρισχιλίων σταδίων οὐκ ἂν ἔλαττον ποιήσειε διάστημα, ὅσον ἦν τὸ ἀπὸ τοῦ ὅρου τῆς οἰκουμένης εἰς Μερόην, εἴπερ μέλλει τὰ ἄκρα τῆς Ἰνδικῆς ἀνταίρειν τῇ Μερόῃ· πιθανώτερον δʼ ἐστὶ καὶ πλείους τῶν τρισχιλίων τιθέναι. εἰ δὴ τοῦτο προσθείη τις τοῖς τρισμυρίοις, οἷς φησιν ὁ Δηίμαχος μέχρι τῆς εἰς Βακτρίους καὶ Σογδιανοὺς ὑπερθέσεως, ἐκπέσοι ἂν πάντα ταῦτα τὰ ἔθνη τῆς οἰκουμένης καὶ τῆς εὐκράτου. τίς ἂν οὖν θαρρήσειε ταῦτα λέγειν, ἀκούων καὶ τῶν πάλαι καὶ τῶν νῦν τὴν εὐκρασίαν καὶ τὴν εὐκαρπίαν λεγόντων πρῶτον μὲν τὴν τῶν προσβόρρων Ἰνδῶν, ἔπειτα δὲ καὶ τὴν ἐν τῇ Ὑρκανίᾳ καὶ τῇ Ἀρίᾳ καὶ ἐφεξῆς τῇ τε Μαργιανῇ καὶ τῇ Βακτριανῇ; ἅπασαι γὰρ αὗται προσεχεῖς μέν εἰσι τῇ βορείῳ πλευρᾷ τοῦ Ταύρου, καὶ ἥ γε Βακτριανὴ καὶ πλησιάζει τῇ εἰς Ἰνδοὺς ὑπερθέσει, τοσαύτῃ δʼ εὐδαιμονίᾳ κέχρηνται ὥστε πάμπολύ τι ἀπέχειν τῆς ἀοικήτου. ἐν μέν γε τῇ Ὑρκανίᾳ τὴν ἄμπελον μετρητὴν οἴνου φέρειν φασί, τὴν δὲ συκῆν μεδίμνους ἑξήκοντα, τὸν δὲ σῖτον ἐκ τοῦ ἐκπεσόντος καρποῦ τῆς καλάμης πάλιν φύεσθαι, ἐν δὲ τοῖς δένδρεσι σμηνουργεῖσθαι καὶ τῶν φύλλων ἀπορρεῖν μέλι, ὅπερ γίνεσθαι μὲν καὶ τῆς Μηδίας ἐν τῇ Ματιανῇ καὶ τῆς Ἀρμενίας ἐν τῇ Σακασηνῇ καὶ τῇ Ἀραξηνῇ· ἀλλʼ ἐνταῦθα μὲν οὐκ ἐπʼ ἴσης θαυμαστόν, εἴπερ εἰσὶ νοτιώτεραι τῆς Ὑρκανίας καὶ εὐκρασίᾳ διαφέρουσαι τῆς ἄλλης χώρας· ἐκεῖ δὲ μᾶλλον. ἐν δὲ τῇ Μαργιανῇ τὸν πυθμένα φασὶν εὑρίσκεσθαι τῆς ἀμπέλου πολλάκις δυεῖν ἀνδρῶν ὀργυιαῖς περιληπτόν, τὸν δὲ βότρυν δίπηχυν. παραπλησίαν δὲ λέγουσι καὶ τὴν Ἀρίαν, εὐοινίᾳ δὲ καὶ ὑπερβάλλειν, ἐν ᾗ γε καὶ εἰς τριγένειαν παραμένειν ἐν ἀπιττώτοις ἄγγεσι τὸν οἶνον· πάμφορον δʼ εἶναι καὶ τὴν Βακτριανὴν πλὴν ἐλαίου, πλησίον τῇ Ἀρίᾳ παρακειμένην.

Let us then transport ourselves to the land opposite the Cinnamon Country, and lying to the east under the same parallel of latitude; we shall there find the country named Taprobane. This Taprobane is universally believed to be a large island situated in the high seas, and lying to the south opposite India. Its length in the direction of Ethiopia is above 5000 stadia, as they say. There are brought from thence to the Indian markets, ivory, tortoise-shells, and other wares in large quantities. Now if this island is broad in proportion to its length, we cannot suppose that the whole distance, inclusive of the space which separates it from India, is less than 3000 stadia, which is equal to the distance of the southern extremity of the habitable earth from Meroe, since the [southern] extremities of India and Meroe are under the same parallel. It is likely there are more than 3000 stadia, but taking this number, if we add thereto the 30,000 stadia, which Deimachus states there are between [the southern extremity of India] and the country of the Bactrians and Sogdians, we shall find both of these nations lie beyond the temperate zone and habitable earth. Who will venture to affirm such to be the case, hearing, as they must, the statement made both by ancients and moderns of the genial climate and fertility of northern India, Hyrcania, Aria, Margiana, and Bactriana also? These countries are all equally close to the northern side of the Taurus, Bactriana being contiguous to that part of the chain which forms the boundary of India. A country blessed with such advantages must be very far from uninhabitable. It is said that in Hyrcania each vine produces a metrete of wine, and each fig tree 60 medimni of fruit. That the grains of wheat which fall from the husk on to the earth spring up the year following; that bee-hives are in the trees, and the leaves flow with honey. The same may be met with in the part of Media called Matiana, and also in Sacasena and Araxena, countries of Armenia. In these three it is not so much to be wondered at, since they lie more to the south than Hyrcania, and surpass the rest of the country in the beauty of their climate; but in Hyrcania it is more remarkable. It is said that in Margiana you may frequently meet with a vine whose stock would require two men with outstretched arms to clasp it, and clusters of grapes two cubits long. Aria is described as similarly fertile, the wine being still richer, and keeping perfectly for three generations in unpitched casks. Bactriana, which adjoins Aria, abounds in the same productions, if we except olives.