Historiae Alexandri Magni 9.5

9.5.1

Iamque laevam, qua clipeum ad ictus circumferebat, lassaverat clamantibus amicis, ut ad ipsos desiliret, stabantque excepturi: cum ille rem ausus est incredibilem atque inauditam multoque magis ad famam temeritatis quam gloriae insignem.

By this time his left hand, with which he was shifting his buckler about, became tired with parrying the blows directed against him from all round, and his friends cried out to him that he should leap down, and were standing ready to catch him when he fell. But instead of taking this course, he did an act of daring past all belief and unheard of — an act notable as adding far more to his reputation for rashness than to his true glory. For with a headlong spring he flung himself into the city filled with his enemies, even though he could scarcely expect to die fighting, since before he could rise from the ground he was likely to be overpowered and taken prisoner. But, as luck would have it, he had flung his body with such nice poise that he alighted on his feet, which gave him the advantage of an erect attitude when he began fighting. Fortune had also so provided that he could not possibly be surrounded, for an aged tree which grew not far from the wall, had thrown out branches thickly covered with leaves, as if for the very purpose of sheltering the king. Against the huge bole of this tree he so planted himself that he could not be surrounded, and as he was thus protected in rear, he received on his buckler the darts with which he was assailed in front; for single-handed though he was, not one of the many who set upon him ventured to come to close-quarters with him, and their missiles lodged more frequently in the branches of the tree than in his buckler.

9.5.2

Namque in urbem hostium plenam praecipiti saltu semet ipse inmisit. cum vix sperare posset dimicantem certe et non inultum esse moriturum: quippe, antequam adsurgeret, opprimi poterat et capi vivus.

9.5.3

Sed forte ita libraverat corpus, ut se pedibus exciperet: itaque stans init pugnam. Et, ne circumiri posset, fortuna providerat.

9.5.4

Vetusta arbor haud procul muro ramos multa fronde vestitos, velut de industria regem protegentes, obiecerat: huius spatioso stipiti corpus, ne circumiri posset, adplicuit clipeo tela, quae ex adverso ingerebantur, excipiens.

9.5.5

Nam cum unum procul tot manas peterent, nemo tamen auderet propius accedere, missilia ramis plura quam clipeo incidebant.

9.5.6

Pugnabat pro rege primum celebrati nominas fama, deinde desperatio, magnum ad honeste moriendum incitamentum.

What served him well at this juncture was the far-spread renown of his name, and next to that despair, which above everything nerves men to die gloriously. But as the numbers of the enemy were constantly increasing, his buckler was by this time loaded with darts, and his helmet shattered by stones, while his knees sank under him from the fatigue of his protracted exertions. On seeing this, they who stood nearest incautiously rushed upon him in contempt of the danger. Two of these he smote with his sword, and laid them dead at his feet, and after that no one could muster up courage enough to go near him. They only plied him with darts and arrows from a distance off

9.5.7

Sed cum subinde hostis adflueret, iam ingentem vim telorum exceperat clipeo, iam galeam saxa perfregerant, iam continuo labore gravata genua succiderant.

9.5.8

Itaque contemptim et incaute, qui proximi steterant, incurrerunt: e quibus duos gladio ita excepit, ut ante ipsum exanimes procumberent. Nec cuiquam deinde propius incessendi eum animus fuit: procul iacula sagittasque mittebant.

9.5.9

Ille ad omnes ictus expositus non aegre tamen exceptum poplitibus corpus tuebatur, donec Indus duorum cubitorum sagittam — namque Indis, ut antea diximus, huius magnitudinis sagittae erant — ita excussit, ut per thoracem paulum super latus dextrum infigeret.

But though thus exposed as a mark for every shot, he had no great difficulty in protecting himself while crouching on his knees, until an Indian let fly an arrow two cubits long (for the Indians, as remarked already, use arrows of this length), and pierced him through his armour a little above his right side. Struck down by this wound, from which the blood spirted in great jets, he let his weapon drop as if he were dying without strength enough left to let his right hand extract the arrow. The archer, accordingly, who had wounded him, exulting in his success, ran forward with eager haste to strip his body. But Alexander no sooner felt him lay hands on his person, than he became so exasperated by the supreme indignity, I imagine, of the outrage, that he recalled his swooning spirit, and with an upward thrust of his sword pierced the exposed side of his antagonist. Thus there lay dead around the king three of his assailants, while the others stood off like men stupefied.

9.5.10

Quo vulnere adflictus magna vi sanguinis emicante remisit arma moribundo similis adeoque resolutus, ut ne ad vellendum quidem telum sufficeret dextra. Itaque ad spoliandum corpus, qui vulneraverat, alacer gaudio accurrit.

9.5.11

Quem ut inicere corpori suo manus sensit, credo, ultimi dedecoris indignitate commotus linquentem revocavit animum et nudum hostis latus subrecto mucrone hausit.

9.5.12

Iacebant circa regem tria corpora procul stupentibus ceteris. Ille ut, antequam ultimus spiritus deficeret, dimicans tamen extingueretur, clipeo se adlevare conatus est et,

Meanwhile he endeavoured to raise himself up with his buckler, that he might die sword in hand, before his last breath left him, but finding he had not strength enough for the effort, he grasped with his right hand some of the defending boughs, and tried to rise with their help. His strength was, however, inadequate even to support his body, and he fell down again upon his knees, waving his hand as a challenge to the enemy to meet him in close combat if any of them dared. At length Peucestas in a different quarter of the town beat off the men who were defending the wall, and following the king's traces came to where he was. Alexander on seeing him thought that he had come not to succour him in life, but to comfort him in his death, and giving way through sheer exhaustion, fell over on his shield. Then came up Timaeus, and a little afterwards Leonnatus followed by Aristonus. The Indians, on discovering that the king was within their walls, abandoned all other places and ran in crowds to where he was, and pressed hard upon those who defended him. Timaeus, one of such, after receiving many wounds and making a gallant struggle, fell. Peucestas again, though pierced with three javelin wounds, held up his buckler not for his own, but the king's protection. Leonnatus, while endeavouring to drive back the barbarians who were eagerly pressing forward, was severely wounded in the neck, and fell down in a swoon at the king's feet.

9.5.13

postquam ad conitendum nihil supererat virium, dextera inpendentes ramos conplexus temptabat adsurgere. Sed ne sic quidem potens corporis rursus in genua procumbit manu provocans hostes, si quis congredi auderet.

9.5.14

Tandem Peucestes per aliam oppidi partem deturbatis propugnatoribus muri vestigia persequens regis supervenit.

9.5.15

Quo conspecto Alexander iam non vitae spem, sed mortis solacium supervenisse ratus clipeo fatigatum corpus excepit. Subinde Timaeus et paulo post Leonnatus, huic Aristonus supervenit.

9.5.16

Indi quoque, cum intra moenia regem esse conperissent, omissis ceteris illuc concurrerunt urgebantque protegentes eum. E quibus Timaeus multis adverso corpore vulneribus acceptis egregiaque edita pugna cecidit:

9.5.17

Peucestes quoque tribus iaculis confossus non se tamen scuto, sed regem tuebabatur: Leonnatus, dum avide ruentes barbaros submovet, cervice graviter icta semianimis procubuit ante regis pedes.

9.5.18

Iam et Peucestes vulneribus fatigatus submiserat clipeum: in Aristono spes ultima haerebat. Hic quoque graviter saucius tantam vim hostium ultra sustinere non poterat.

Peucestas was also now quite exhausted with the loss of blood from his wounds and could no longer hold up his buckler. Thus all the hope now lay in Aristonus, but he also was desperately wounded, and could no longer sustain the onset of so many assailants. In the meantime the rumour that the king had fallen reached the Macedonians. What would have terrified others only served to stimulate their ardour, for, heedless of every danger, they broke down the wall with their pickaxes, and where they had made an entrance burst into the city and massacred great numbers of the Indians, chiefly in the pursuit, no resistance being offered except by a mere handful. They spared neither old men, women, nor children, but held whomsoever they met to have been the person by whom the king had been wounded, and in this way they at length satiated their righteous indignation.

9.5.19

Inter haec ad Macedonas regem cecidisse fama perlata est. Terruisset alios, quod illos incitavit. Namque periculi omnis inmemores dolabris perfregere murum et, qua moliti erant aditum, inrupere in urbem Indosque plures fugientes quam congredi ausos ceciderunt.

9.5.20

Non senibus, non feminis, non infantibus parcitur: quisquis occurrerat, ab illo vulneratum regem esse credebant. Tandemque internecione hostium iustae irae parentatum est.

9.5.21

Ptolomaeum, qui postea regnavit, huic pugnae adfuisse auctor est Clitarchus et Timagenes, sed ipse scilicet gloriae suae non refragatus afuisse se missum in expeditionem memoriae tradidit. Tanta conponentium vetusta rerum monimenta vel securitas vel, par huic vitium, credulitas fuit.

Clitarchus and Timagenes state that Ptolemy, who afterwards became a king, was present at this fighting, but Ptolemy himself, who would not of course gainsay his own glory, has recorded in his memoirs that he was away at the time, as the king had sent him on an expedition elsewhere. This instance shows how great was the carelessness of the authors who composed these old books of history, or, it may be, their credulity, which is just as great a dereliction of their duty. The king was carried into a tent, where the surgeons cut off the wooden shaft of the arrow which had pierced him, taking care not to stir its point. When his armour was taken off they discovered that the weapon was barbed, and that it could not be extracted without danger except by making an incision to open the wound. But here again they were afraid lest in operating they should be unable to staunch the flow of blood, for the weapon was large and had been driven home with such force that it had evidently pierced to the inwards.

9.5.22

Rege in tabernaculum relato medici lignum sagittae corpori infixae ita, ne spiculum moveretur, abscidunt.

9.5.23

Corpore deinde nudato animadvertunt hamos inesse telo nec aliter id sine pernicie corporis extrahi posse quam, ut secando vulnus augerent.

9.5.24

Ceterum, ne secantes profluvium sanguinis occuparet, verebantur: quippe ingens telum adactum erat et penetrasse in viscera videbatur.

9.5.25

Critobulus, inter medicos artis eximiae, sed in tanto periculo territus, manus admovere metuebat, ne in ipsius caput parum prosperae curationis recideret eventus.

Critobulus, who was famous for his surgical skill, was nevertheless swayed by fear in a case so precarious, and dreaded to put his hand to the work lest his failure to effect a cure should recoil on his own head. The king observing him to weep, and to be showing signs of fear, and looking ghastly pale, said to him: "For what and how long are you waiting that you do not set to work as quickly as possible? If die I must, free me at least from the pain I suffer. Are you afraid lest you should be held to account because I have received an incurable wound?" Then Critobulus, at last overcoming, or perhaps dissembling his fear, begged Alexander to suffer himself to be held while he was extracting the point, since even a slight motion of his body would be of dangerous consequence. To this the king replied that there was no need of men to hold him, and then, agreeably to what had been enjoined him, he did not wince the least during the operation.

9.5.26

Lacrimantem eum ae metu et sollicitudine propemodum exanguem rex conspexerat: Quid, inquit, quodve tempus expectas et non quam primum hoc dolore me saltem moriturum liberas?

9.5.27

An times, ne reus sis, cum insanabile vulnus acceperim? At Critobulus tandem vel finito vel dissimulato metu hortari eum coepit, ut se continendum praeberet, dum spiculum evelleret: etiam levem corporis motum noxium fore.

9.5.28

Rex cum adfirmasset nihil opus esse iis, qui semet continerent, sicut praeceptum erat, sine motu praebuit corpus. Igitur patefacto latius vulnere et spiculo evolso ingens vis sanguinis manare coepit linquique animo rex et caligine oculis offusa velut moribundus extendi.

When the wound had then been laid wide open and the point extracted, there followed such a copious discharge of blood that the king began to swoon, while a dark mist came over his eyes, and he lay extended as if he were dying. Every remedy was applied to staunch the blood, but all to no purpose, so that the king's friends, believing him to be dead, broke out into cries and lamentations. The bleeding did, however, at last stop, and the patient gradually recovered consciousness and began to recognise those who stood around him. All that day and the night which followed the army lay under arms around the royal tent. All of them confessed that their life depended on his single breath, and they could not be prevailed on to withdraw until they had ascertained that he had fallen into a quiet sleep. Thereupon they returned to the camp entertaining more assured hopes of his recovery.

9.5.29

Cumque profluvium medicamentis frustra inhiberent, clamor simul atque plorátus amicorum oritur regem expirasse credentium. Tandem constitit sanguis, paulatimque animum recepit et circumstantes coepit agnoscere.

9.5.30

Toto eo die ac nocte, quae secuta est, armatus exercitus regiam obsedit confessus omnes unius spiritu vivere. Nec prius recesserunt, quam conpertum est somno paulisper adquiescere. Hinc certiorem spem salutis eius in castra rettulerunt.