Historiae Alexandri Magni 9.6

9.6.1

Rex VII diebus curato vulnere necdum obducta cicatrice, cum audisset convaluisse apud barbaros famam mortis suae, duobus navigiis iunctis statui in medium undique conspicuum tabernaculum iussit, ex quo se ostenderet perisse credentibus, conspectusque ab incolis spem hostium falso nuntio conceptam inhibuit.

Chapter VI. — Alexander recovers and shows himself to the army — His officers remonstrate with him for his recklessness in exposing his life to danger — His reply to their appeal The king, who had now been kept for the space of seven days under treatment for his wound without its being as yet cicatrised, on hearing that a report of his death had gained a wide currency among the barbarians, caused two ships to be lashed together and his tent to be set up in the centre where it would be conspicuous to every one, so that he might therefrom show himself to those who believed him to be dead. By thus exposing himself to the view of the inhabitants he crushed the hope with which the false report had inspired his enemies. He then sailed down the river, starting a good while before the rest of the fleet, lest the repose which his weak bodily condition still required should be disturbed by the noise of rowing. On the fourth day after he had embarked he reached a country deserted by its inhabitants, but fruitful in corn and well stocked with cattle. Here along with his soldiers he enjoyed a welcome season of rest. Now it was a custom among the Macedonians that the king's especial friends and those who had the guard of his person watched before his tent during any occasional illness. This custom being now observed as usual, they all entered his chamber in a body.

9.6.2

Secundo deinde amne defluxit aliquantum intervalli a cetera classe praecipiens, ne quies perinvalido adhuc necessaria pulsu remorum inpediretur.

9.6.3

Quarto, postquam navigare coeperat, die pervenit in regionem desertam quidem ab incolis, sed frumento et pecoribus abundantem. Placuit is locus et ad suam et ad militum requiem.

9.6.4

Mos erat principibus amicorum et custodibus corporis excubare ante praetorium, quotiens adversa regi valitudo incidisset: hoc tum quoque more servato universi cubiculum eius intrant.

9.6.5

Ille sollicitas, ne quid novi adferrent, quia simul venerant, percontatur, num hostium recens nuntiaretur adventus.

Alexander fearing they might be the bearers of some bad news, since they had all come together, enquired whether they had come to inform him that the enemy had that moment arrived. Then Craterus, who had been chosen by the others as their medium to let the king know the entreaties of his friends, addressed him in these terms : " Can you imagine," he began, " that we could be more alarmed by the enemy's approach, even if they were already within our lines, than we are concerned for your personal safety, by which, it seems, you set but little store ? Were the united powers of the whole world to conspire against us, were they to cover the land all over with arms and men, to cover the seas with fleets, and lead ferocious wild beasts against us, we shall prove invincible to every foe when we have you to lead us. But which of the gods can ensure that this the stay and star of Macedonia will be long preserved to us when you are so forward to expose your person to manifest dangers, forgetting that you draw into peril the lives of so many of your countrymen ? For which of us wishes to survive you, or even has it within his power ? Under your conduct and command we have advanced so far that there is no one but yourself who can lead us back to our hearths and homes.

9.6.6

At Craterus, cui mandatum erat, ut amicorum preces perferret ad eum: Credisne, inquit, adventu magis hostium, ut iam in vallo consisterent, sollicitos esse quam cura salutis tuae, ut nunc est, tibi vilis?

9.6.7

Quantalibet vis omnium gentium conspiret in nos, inpleat armis virisque totum orbem, classibus maria consternat, invisitatas beluas inducat: tu nos praestabis invictos.

9.6.8

Sed quis deorum hoc Macedoniae columen ac sidus diuturnum fore polliceri potest, cum tam avide manifestis periculis offeras corpus oblitus tot civium animas trahere te in casum? Quis enim tibi superstes aut optat esse aut potest?

9.6.9

Eo pervenimus auspicium atque imperium secuti tuum, unde nisi te reduce nulli ad penates suos iter est.

9.6.10

Quodsi adhuc de Persidis regno cum Dareo dimicares, etsi nemo vellet, tamen ne admirari quidem posset tam promptae esse te ad omne discrimen audaciae: nam ubi paria sunt periculum ac praemium, et secundis rebus amplior fructus est et adversis solacium maius.

" No doubt while you were still contending with Darius for the sovereignty of Persia, one could not even think it strange (though no one wished it) that you were ever ready and eager to rush boldly into danger, for where the risk and the reward are fairly balanced, the gain is not only more ample in case of success, but the solace is greater in case of defeat. But that your very life should be paid as the price of an obscure village, which of your soldiers, nay, what inhabitant of any barbarous country that has heard of your greatness can tolerate such an idea? My soul is struck with horror when I think of the scene which was lately presented to our eyes.

9.6.11

Tuo vero capite ignobilem vicum emi, quis ferat non tuorum modo militum, sed ullius gentis barbarae civis, qui tuam magnitudinem novit?

9.6.12

Horret animus cogitationem rei, quam paulo ante vidimus. Eloqui timeo invicti corporis spolia inertissimas manus fuisse infecturas, nisi te interceptum misericors in nos fortuna servasset.

"I cannot but tremble to relate that the hands of the greatest dastards would have polluted the spoils stripped from the invincible Alexander, had not fortune, looking with pity on us, interfered for your deliverance. We are no better than traitors, no better than deserters, all of us who were unable to keep up with you when you ran into danger ; and should you therefore brand us all with dishonour, none of us will refuse to give satisfaction for that from the guilt of which he could not secure himself. Show us, we beseech you then, in some other way, how cheap you hold us. We are ready to go wherever you order. We solicit that for us you reserve obscure dangers and inglorious battles, while you save yourself for those occasions which give scope for your greatness. Glory won in a contest with inferior opponents soon becomes stale, and nothing can be more absurd than to let your valour be wasted where it cannot be displayed to view." Ptolemy and others who were present addressed him in the same or similar terms, and all of them, as one man, besought him with tears that, sated as he was with glory, he would at last set some limits to that passion and have more regard for his own safety, on which that of the public depended. The affection and loyalty of his friends were so gratifying to the king that he embraced them one by one with more than his usual warmth, and requested them all to be seated.

9.6.13

Totidem proditores, totidem desertores sumus, quot te non potuimus persequi. Universos licet milites ignominia notes, nemo recusabit luere id, quod ne admitteret, praestare non potuit. Patere nos, quaeso, alio modo esse viles tibi.

9.6.14

Quocumque iusseris, ibimus. Obscura pericula et ignobiles pugnas nobis deposcimus: temet ipsum ad ea serva, quae magnitudinem tuam capiunt. Cito gloria obsolescit in sordidis hostibus, nec quicquam indignius est quam consumi eam, ubi non possit ostendi.

9.6.15

Eadem fere Ptolomaeus et similia his ceteri. Iamque confusis vocibus flentes eum orabant, ut tandem ex satietate laudi modum faceret ac saluti suae id est publicae parceret.

9.6.16

Grata erat regi pietas amicorum: itaque singulos familiarius amplexus considere iubet altiusque sermone repetito:

Then, in addressing them, he went far back in a review of his career and said : "I return you, most faithful and most dutiful subjects and friends, my most heartfelt thanks, not only because you at this time prefer my safety to your own, but also because from the very outset of the war you have lost no opportunity of showing by every pledge and token your kindly feelings towards myself, so that I must confess my life has never been so dear to me as it is at present, and chiefly so, that I may long enjoy your companionship. At the same time, I must point out that those who are willing to lay down their lives for me do not look at the matter from my point of view, inasmuch as I judge myself to have deserved by my bravery your favourable inclinations towards me, for you may possibly be coveting to reap the fruit of my favour for a great length of time, perhaps even in perpetuity, but I measure myself not by the span of age, but by that of glory. "Had I been contented with my paternal heritage, I might have spent my days within the bounds of Macedonia, in slothful ease, to an obscure and inglorious old age ; although even those who remain indolently at home are not masters of their own destiny, for while they consider a long life to be the supreme good, an untimely death often takes them by surprise. I, however, who do not count my years but by my victories, have already had a long career of life, if I reckon aright the gifts of fortune.

9.6.17

Vobis quidem, inquit, o fidissimi piissimique civium atque amicorum, grates ago habeoque non solum eo nomine, quod hodie salutem meam vestrae praeponitis, sed quod a primordiis belli nullum erga me benivolentiae pignus atque indicium omisistis, adeo ut confitendum sit numquam mihi vi tam meam fuisse tam caram, quam esse coepit, ut vobis diu frui possim.

9.6.18

Ceterum non eadem est cogitatio eorum, qui pro me mori optant, et mea, qui pridem hanc benivolentiam vestram virtute meruisse me iudico. Vos enim diuturnum fructum ex me, forsitan etiam perpetuum percipere cupiatis: ego me metior non aetatis spatio, sed gloriae.

9.6.19

Licuit paternis opibus contento intra Macedoniae terminos per otium corporis expectare obscuram et ignobilem senectutem. Quamquam ne pigri quidem sibi fata disponunt, sed unicum bonum diuturnam vitam existimantes saepe acerba mors occupat. Verum ego, qui non annos meos, sed victorias numero, si munera fortunae bene conputo, diu vixi.

9.6.20

Orsus a Macedonia imperium Graeciae teneo, Thraciam et Illyrios subegi, Triballis Maedisque imperito, Asiam, qua Hellesponto, qua Rubro mari subluitur, possideo. Iamque haud procul absum fine mundi, quem egressus aliam naturam, alium orbem aperire mihi statui.

Having begun to reign in Macedonia, I now hold the supremacy of Greece. I have subdued Thrace and the people of Illyria ; I give laws to the Triballi and the Maedi, and am master of Asia from the shores of Hellespont as far south as the shores of the Indian Ocean. And now I am not far from the very ends of the earth, which when I have passed I purpose to open up to myself a new realm of nature — a new world. In the turning-point of a single hour I crossed over from Asia into the borders of Europe. Having conquered both these continents in the ninth year of my reign, and in my twenty-eighth year, do you think I can pause in the task of completing my glory, to which, and to which only, I have entirely devoted myself? No, I shall not fail in my duty to her, and wheresoever I shall be fighting I shall imagine myself on the world's theatre, with all mankind for spectators. I shall give celebrity to places before unnoted. I shall open up for all nations a way to regions which nature has hitherto kept far distant.

9.6.21

Ex Asia in Europae terminos momento unius horae transivi. Victor utriusque regionis post nonum regni mei, post vicesimum atque octavum annum vitae videorne vobis in excolenda gloria, cui me uni devovi, posse cessare? Ego vero non deero et, ubicumque pugnabo, in theatro terrarum orbis esse me credam.

9.6.22

Dabo nobilitatem ignobilibus locis, aperiam cunctis gentibus terras, quas natura longe submoverat. In his operibus extingui mihi, si fors ita feret, pulchrum est: ea stirpe sum genitus, ut multam prius quam longam vitam debeam optare.

"If fortune shall so direct that in the midst of these enterprises my life be cut short, that would only add to my renown. I am sprung from such a stock that I am bound to prefer living much to living long. Reflect, I pray you, that we have come to lands in the eyes of which the name of a woman is the most famed for valour. What cities did Semiramis build! What nations did she bring to subjection! What mighty works did she plan! We have not yet equalled the glorious achievements of a woman, and have we already had our fill of glory? No, I say. Let the gods, however, but favour us, and things still greater remain for us yet to do. But the countries we have not yet reached shall only become ours on condition that we consider nothing little in which there is room for great glory to be won. Do you but defend me against domestic treason and the plots of my own household, and I will fearlessly face the dangers of battle and war.

9.6.23

Obsecro vos, cogitate nos pervenisse in terras, quibus feminae ob virtutem celeberrimum nomen est. Quas urbes Samiramis condidit! quas gentis redegit in potestatem! quanta opera molita est! Nondum feminam aequavimus gloria, et iam nos laudis satietas cepit?

9.6.24

Di faveant, maiora adhuc restant. Sed ita nostra erunt, quae nondum adiimus, si nihil parvum duxerimus, in quo magnae gloriae locus est. Vos modo me ab intestina fraude et domesticorum insidiis praestate securum: belli Martisque discrimen inpavidus subibo.

9.6.25

Philippus in acie tutior quam in theatro fuit: hostium manus saepe evitavit, suorum effugere non valuit. Aliorum quoque regum exitus si reputaveritis, plures a suis quam ab hoste interemptos numerabitis.

"Philip was safer in the field of fight than in the theatre. He often escaped the hands of his enemies—he could not elude those of his subjects. And if you examine how other kings also came by their end, you can count more that were slain by their own people than by their enemies. But now lastly, since an opportunity has presented itself to me of disclosing a matter which I have for a long time been turning over and over in my mind, I give you to understand that to me the greatest rewards of all my toils and achievements will be this, that my mother Olympias shall be deified as soon as she departs this life. If I be spared, I shall myself discharge that duty, but if death anticipate me, bear in memory that I have entrusted this office to you." With these words he dismissed his friends; but for a good many days he remained in the same encampment.

9.6.26

Ceterum, quoniam olim rei agitatae in animo meo nunc promendae occasio oblata est, mihi maximus laborum atque operum meorum erit fructus, si Olympias mater inmortalitati consecretur, quandoque excesserit vita. Hoc, si licuerit, ipse praestabo: hoc, si me praeceperit fatum, vos mandasse me mementote. Ac tum quidem amicos dimisit. Ceterum per conplures dies ibi stativa habuit.