Indian Art: A History of Indian Art from the Earliest Times up to the Third Century A.D. c20: General Index to Important Words and Subjects
Indian Art: A History of Indian Art from the Earliest Times up to the Third Century A.D. c20
- Language
- English
Contents
General Index to Important Words and Subjects
c20.1
*Abdamālā*, *abātamālā* (=*abjamālā*) 285, 289 *Abharaṇavriksha* 192 *Abhayamudrā* see *mudrā* *Abhyūshakhādikā* 225 *Āchārya* 297, 298 Aesthetic, appreciation : common both to poetry and art 3 *Rasa*, *Artha*, *Chhanda*, *Śabda* 3 *Rasa*, flavour, divine element in creation and art 3 *Rasa*, aggregate of human emotions 3 *Artha*, meaning or theme, as the vehicle of *Rasa* 3, 5, *Chhanda*, *Tāla*, *Laya*, rhythm, *Mātrā*, measure 3, 4 *Śabda*, word, for poetry 3, 4 —*Rūpa*, for art, as vehicle of ideas 3, 7 *Rūpa*, a material medium 3, 4, 5, 7 —makes an appeal to the mind through the senses 4 —its language direct 4 —Unity of Form and Meaning, *Vāgartha*, 7, 47, 54-5 *Bhāva*, *Bhāvanā*, 3, 7 *Adhyātma-bhāva*, *Brahma-bhāvanā*, *Karma-bhāvanā*, *Ubhaya-bhāvanā* 7 *Mānushī Śilpa* and *Deva Śilpa* 4 *Amūrta* unmanifest and *Mūrta* manifest 7 *Arūpa* or *Paramarūpa* and *Rūpa* 7 *Viśvarūpa* = *mūrtarūpa* 7 *Dhyāna*, meditation 4, 7 Art is mind made manifest in matter 4 Image, not so much objective as through artist's mind 4
c20.2
*Chitta* 7, 55 Cosmos presenting a measured model for the artist's mind 4 Connoisseur, *Rasika*, *Sahṛidaya*, *Vichakshaṇa* 4, 7, 55 aesthetic shock, *saṃvega* 4 *mādhurya*, sweetness 307 *Dassanīya* and *Saṃvejanīya* 147 *Yoniso padahanti* 147 *attharasascha labhino* 147 purpose : *śobhanārtha*, beautifying 55 *ārakshaṇārtha*, apotropaic 23, 55 *chilathitike*, perpetuating 89. symbolical 4, see Symbols artistic allusion 60 *Sampuñjana*, composition 4 *Ākhyāna* 147 *Chitra* 147 *lasatīva cha bhūlambaḥ* 307 *Āḍambara* 57 *Ādāsa* (*ādarśa*), mirror 58, 223 *Ādāsagāhakā devā* 125 *Adbhuta* = *Yaksha*, 116 *Adhṛishya* 117 *Aditi* 24, 5, 49 Agate, *lekhāśma*, *galvark*, *hakik* 29 *Āghāṭi* 57 *Agni* 45, 259 *Agniskandha* 46, 120, 293 *Agni-Soma* 46 *Āhava* 41 *Ahirbudhnya* 48 *Ajakālako Yakho* 134
c20.3
*Ajāneya*, see *Mahā ājāneya* *Ājānubāhu* 239 *Aksha*, axle 41 *Alaka*, *alakāvali* 318 *Alambusā* 136 *Alasā*, *Alasakanyā* 229 *Amareśvara Śiva* 283 *Amatra* 41 *Ambhovihāra* 226 *Ambikā* 34, 45, 49 *Amritaghaṭa* 244, 259 *Ananta* 46, 48 —*śāyī* 49 *Anantagumphā* 184 *Anasa*, cart 41 *Anekavaktraka*, with many mouths 72 *Āndhra-Sātavāhana* 277 f. *Aṅgajarūpa* 71 *Anihata* 115 *Añjalipaggahā* 300, 301 *Aṅkuśa*, goad 312 *Anotatta* (*Anavatapta*) 60, 90 *Antarikshachara* 88 *Antarvedi* 55 *Āpānagoshṭhī* 249 *Āpānakamadhya-praviṣṭa-rakta-mūlaka* 312 *Aparājita* 116 *Aparamahāvinaseliya* 297, 298 *Aparaseliya*, *Avaraseliya* 278, 298 *Apsarasas*, nymphs 7, 45, 135-6 *Alambusā*, *Miśrakeśī*, *Subhadrā*, *Sudarśanā* 135 *Apūpa* 46, 49 *Ara*, spoke 41 *Araṇi* 46 *Archā*, image 5 architect, *vāstuvidyāchārya* 59, 109, *mahāvaḍḍhaki* 59, *selavaḍḍhaki* 298, 186, *Mahā-silākammantika* 187, *viśvakarmā* 40, *sthapati* 56, 109, *rājatakṣa* his science, *vaththu* 3, *vāstuveda* 57, *vāstuvidyā* 58, 65, *vasthukamma* 58 his work, *kamma*, *selakamma* 59, 186, 187, *navakamma* 298 superintendent of work, *navakarmika* 285, 298, *mahānavakarmika* 285 Architecture, —material rich in Pali literature 62 f. —some interesting terms from Jaina Āgama literature 67 rock-cut, see *chaitya*, *vihāra*, cave *āchchhādana*, encasing 120; *śilā-kañchuka* *āḍitala*, ground floor 63; *tala* *aggalā*, transverse bar 64, 64 *aggalapāsāya* 66 *phusitaggala* 64 *agniguhā* 47 *agniśālā* 42, 43, 161 *āhāramaṇḍapa* 63 *ajira* 42, 210 *akhkhāḍaga*, stage 67 *ākrīḍa*, stadium or arena 303; also called *akshavāṭaka* or *mallaśālā*, at Nagarjunikonda *ākāśatala*, top-floor 63; see *tala* *aksha*, outlet for smoke in roof 44; see *dhūmanetra* *akshavāṭaka*, arena 303; see *ākrīḍa* *ālambanapiṇḍikā* 127 *alinda*, *alindā*, entrance hall 62, 298; see *dvārakoṣṭhaka* *alpeśakhya*, small Stūpa 92, 120, 290, 301; see *maheśakhya* *āmalakaśilā*, crowning stone on *śikhara* 122 *anekastambhāśata-sanniviṣṭa*, theatre hall supported on many columns 67 aṇḍa, drum or abacus of a pillar-capital 98, 100 aṇḍa, hemispherical dome of stūpa 126, 208 aṅgaṇa, courtyard 42, 62; also prāṅgaṇa 210, ajira 42, 210 aṇidvāra, small door 67; also uttarapāsaga 67 antarāla-maṇḍapa 207 antepura, inner apartment 42, 62; also patnisadana 42, 43 antepurikā, see above apavaraka 186, see ovaraka apsidal, see besara ārāma, garden 249 ardhacandra, apsidal 313; see besara āsanapeḍhi, āsana-piḍha, āsana-pīṭhikā, āsana-peṇḍikā,-piṇḍika, podium 210, 175 assembly hall 18-9, 42, 62, 63, 67, 85, 86, 87-8, 103 āsthānamaṇḍapa, assembly hall; sabhā, saṃthāgāra, sadas, āsthāyikā, darbar-i-am (bahirāsthāna-maṇḍapa); see Chandraguptasabhā 86, at Kumrahar 86, Sudharmāsabhā. aśvathara 211, see thara assaśālā, aśvasthāna-maṇḍapa, stable for horses 62, 63 aśvavatī śālā 44 aṭṭālaka, bastion or tower 17, 19, 61, 66, 68, 75, 84 aṭṭhaṃsika, octagon 62, 130, 131, 183, 184, 204, 288 āvattapeḍhiyā, hinges 67 āvesina, stone mason 149, 298 āyāga (=āryaka) 231 āyagapaṭṭa, tablet of homage 159, 232, 233, 234, 231, 265, 288
c20.4.1
āyakakhambha 126, 231, 280, 282, 285, 288, 299 āyaka 285, 288, 289, 290, 292 āyaka platform 299, 300; —maṇḍa; see mañjūshā; dakhiṇāyaka 285, 288, uttarāyaka 285, 288 āyāma 43 ayasthūṇa, iron column 42, 58, 109 bahirdvārakoshṭhaka 62; see alinda bahirdvāraśālā 63; see alinda bahirāsthānamaṇḍapa 63; see āsthānamaṇḍapa bahut-thambhaka 63 balainḍā (=baladaṇḍa), central beam 44 Barabar caves 92-3 barhaṇa, straw 43 barhirāstaraṇa, layer of straw 43 bath, Great Bath, Indus Valley 19 battlement 66, 73, 84, 131; see kapiśīrshaka besara (=dvyasra), apsidal 171-2, 213 bhārapaṭṭa, entablature 194 bhāratulā 63 bhavanodyāna 85; also grihodyāna 63 bhicha, wall 90, 127 bhitti, wall 67; see pakkha bhittiguliyā 67 bhittipāda, dado 67 bhojana-śālā 204 bhūmi, storey; bhūmika 63, ekabhūmika, dvibhūmika 63, 175, tribhūmika, navabhūmika 63 bichhāvana, layers of straw 43; also aṭakana or phiṭakārī. bodhighara 63, 64, 65, 133 bodhi-maṇḍa 172, 243 bodhi tree 172, 212, 298; bodhidruma, bodhirukkhapāsāda 298 Bodhivihāra, Bodhisaṅghārāma 172 brick 17, 18, 57, 59, 63, 76, 128, 150, 320-3, see *iṣṭakā* manufacture of, 57 brick temples 320-3 brick tower 76 *bṛhat-māna* 42 Buddhist rock-cut architecture 186-215 ; see rock-cut archi. burial mounds, Lauriā Nandangarh 76-7, 206 —square and round, in *Ś B.* 124 capital : Aśokan 97-130, 171 *chakra* 52, 54, 100, 141 animal 19-130, 141, 171, 184, 251; see *saṃghāṭa*.
c20.4.2
*Garuḍa* 141, 251 *makara* 107 Corinthian 245, 274 Doric 274 Ionic 274 so-called bell 99, 105-6 *pūrṇaghaṭa* or *kumbhaka* 68, 99-100, 104, 105-7, 141, 184, 203, 211, 215 Iranian or Persepolitan 105-6, 107, 108 lotus 184 palm 141 cave, defined 187 ; *kubhā, ghara, guhā, śailaguhā, gumphā, leṇa, kīrti, nisīdiyā,* etc. ; *Indraśaila* 76, *Saptaparṇi* 76, Barabar 92-3, Orissa 175-85 ; see Chaitya-hall, *vihāra, kīrti*. Chaitya, *stūpa* or tumulus 119, 187, 208, 212 —tree 119 ; also *chaitya-vriksha, śmaśāna-chaitya* 77 —cave, —hall, —*ghara*, —*maṇḍapa* etc. 186-7, 188, see below —apsidal 171-2, 188, 190, 192-3, 194, 195-215, 278, 279-80, 282, 297 ; see *besara* —circular (*parimaṇḍala*) 203-4, 278-79 —square (*āyata*) 203, 205 —compared to a Hindu temple 188 —*stambha*,--*skambha* 187, 205, 206-7, see *kīrtistambha* —*yūpa* 77, 119 —window 187, 190, 196, 200, 202, 206, 208, 213, 214, see *kīrtimukha* *chakkalikā* 65 *chakradhvaja* 52, 54, 100, 233 *chakravāla* 98 *chaṅkrama*, promenade 174 *chanda*, half rosette 211 Chandragupta Sabhā 86 *chandraśālā*, —*śālikā* 65, 67 *chandraśīla*, moon-stone 288 *chashāla* 52 *chediyasa chhata*, parasol of a *chaitya* 285 ; see *chhatra* *chatuḥ-śāla* 252 (—*toraṇavedikā*), (—*parigahitaṃ sela-maṇṭava*) 297, 298 *chetiya* (=*chaitya*) 124 ; see *mahāchetiya* *chetiyaghara* 298 ;
c20.4.3
see *chaitya-ghara* *chetiyavaṭṭa* (=*chaityāvarta*), paraphernalia round a *stūpa* 124, 302 *chhata*, parasol 285 *chhata* 64, see roof *chhatra*, parasol, *chhatrakamma, chhatrāvali, dhātu-chhatra*, 34, 122, 127, 152, 166, 176, 194, 205, 209, 214, 220, 239, 243, 300, 301, 333 —three, *mānusha, divya* and *vimukti* 300 *chhatrākāra*, umbrella shaped 279 *chheḍā*, door-post 66 *chūḍā*, tenon of upright 127 *chullī*, sidesocket hole 127 city, *nagara, pur, pura*, 17, 19, 47, 58, 61, 66, 75 f., 84-6, 103 city-gates, 67, see *Gopura*; for city-wall, see *pākāra*. City of Hills, Girivraja 75, 76 "College Building" 18 Cyclopean walls, of Girivraja 75 *dama*, house 42 *dāna-śālā* 66, 68 *Devakula*, at Māṭ 28 51 *devagṛiha*, abode of god 6, 42, 63, 64, 103, 233, 252, *devāyatana* 103, *devavimāna-gṛiha* 312, *vimāna*, see below *Devanirmita*, name of Jaina Stūpa at Mathura 217, 220, 230 *devasadana*, seat of god 6, 34, 35, 47, 52, 121; see *harmikā* *dhāma* mame, measuring of house 41 *dharma-chihna*, *yūpa* as, 35, 52 *dharma-stambha*, *yūpa* as, 52 *dharuṇa*, foundation 41 *dhātugarbha* 125, 2 90 *ḍholākāra*, drum shaped 190 *dhūmanetta* 65; see *naina* 44; also *aksha* *dhvaja* 35, 52, 54 62, 100, 122, 233,; *chakra-dhvaja*, *dhvaja-stambha* *dikmaṇḍala*, round drum or abacus 98 *divastambha*, pillar with lamp 285 dockyard, at Lothal 20 door, *dvāra* 17, 19, 42, 58, 60, 66, 84, 103, 187, 211, 213, 285, 298, 303 —*kavāṭa* 65, 67.
c20.4.4
—*aṇidvāra* 67 —*chuḷḷadvāra* 60 —*garbhadvāra* 187, 211, 213 —*gopuradvāra* 19 —*mahādvāra* 60 —*pārśvadvāra* 285, 303 —*uttarapāsaga* 67 —drainage 18 —*dvārakoṣṭha,-ka* 42, 62, 63, 66; see *alinda*. *dussastūpa* 300 *durga-vidhāna* 84 *duroṇa*, house 42 *dvigarbha* 175, 183 *dvyasra*, apsidal 213, see *besara* floor, see *kuṭṭima* foundation, *pṛithivīstambhana*, *bhūmiyā-thirabhāvattha*, 77; 98, 124, 126, 128 *gajapṛiṣṭhākṛiti* 64, 190 *gajasaṃghāta* see *saṃghāta* *gajathara*, moulding with elephant figures 210, see *thara* *garbha*, *gabbha* (lit. "womb"), cell, room 60, 61, 64, 175, 180, 186, 210 —*dvigarbha*, *trigarbha*, *chaturgarbha*, *pañ-chagarbha*, *ekaśataśayana-gabbhā*, *sirigabbha* 64 *garbhagṛiha*, "womb house", cella of a temple 6, 122, 187, 188, 194, 211, 213 *garuḍadhvaja*, at Besnagar 251 *ghara*, cave —*mukha*, facade of a cave 187, 193, 194, 210, 213 — —*pañjara* 193 *giñjaka*, tiles 65 *gomāṇāsiyā* 67 *gomaṭī śālā* 44 *gopānasi* 63, 64, 65 *gopura* 19, 61, 68, 75, 103, 174 *granthi*, knot 43 granary 18, 19, Great Bath 19 Great Stūpa, see *stūpa*, *mahāchetiya* *gṛiha*, house 42 *guhā*, cave 64, 116; see cave *harmikā*, "tee", or "divine mansion" on Stūpa top 6, 34, 35, 47, 52, 122, 127, 279, 280, 289; see *devasadana* *hammiya, harmya*, room in upper storey 63, 64 *haththisālā*, elephant stable 61, 62 *heṭṭitala* 63 *himagṛha*, summer house 67 *hiraṇyastūpa*, golden stūpa 40, 120, 122 house 17 f., 41-45 ;
c20.4.5
see palace —Vedic words for house, *dama, duroṇa, dhāma, harmya, māna, pastyā, sadana, śālā* —architectural details of house building 41-45, pillars 41, 57 —measuring of, *nimita, mita* 43, *dhāma mame* 42 —*śālāpati, vāstoshpati* 44 —*Śālā Sūkta* AV. 9. 3. 1f. 41-5 *ijārā*, dado 63 *Indrakīla*, peg 59 *Indraśailaguhā* 76 *Indrayaṣṭi*, triangle-headed standard 52 ; also *Indradhvaja, vaijayantī*, see motifs and symbols 125, 128 *iṣṭakā*, brick 17, 18, 59, 76, 290, 320-3 *iṣṭakāvardhaki* 290 *jagatī*, plinth 122 *jālī* work, 65-68, 74, 130, 200, 260 ; see *vedikā* pattern *Jarāsandha Kā Baiṭhaka* 76 *jharokhā, jālaka-vātāyana, śalākā-vātāyana* *jantāghara* 63 *jīvadeha sayikā* 176 *kakṣyā*, court 45, 62, 85, 303 *kamma*, work 186, 187, 285, 298 ; see *navakamma* *kaṇṇikā* 64 *kapiśīrshaka*, battlement or merlon *kavāṭa* 65 *kāya* (=royal office) 45 ; *kāyamāna, kāyastha*
c20.5
*kīrti*, rock-excavation, defined 99, 187, 206 *kīrtimukha* 187, 193, 198, 206, 207, 208, also *chaitya-window, sūryadvāra*, or sun-window *kīrtistambha* 99, 187, 204, 206, 213 *kiṭika*, curtain, *saṃsaraṇa-, udghāṭana-*, 65 *khambha* 66, 298, see *stambha* *khaniya*, cistern 228 *kharabujiyā*, melon-shaped 64, 279 *koḍhi*, hall 210 *kore* 43 *kośa, kulāya*, room 42 *koṣṭha, -ka*, room 84, 62, 65 *koṣṭhikā* 210 *kubhā* (=*guhā*) 186 *Kulaha Vihāra* 298 *kumbha,-ka*, pillar base and capital 66, 68, 174 *Kumrahar Palace* 59, 85-6, 89 *kūṭa*, peaked roof 63 *kūṭāgāra* 62, 63, 64 *kuṭṭima*, floor 62, 63, 67, *hemakuṭṭima* 300 *laur, lakuṭa*, pillar 76 *leṇa, layaṇa*, cave *Mahāchetiya*, Great Stūpa 124, 285, 297-301 *Mahādvāra* 60 *Mahākuṇḍa* 19 *mahānasa* 63 *mahānavakarmika* see *navakarmika* *mahāpatha* 17, 19, 85 *mahāśayanam* 60 *mahāsilākammāntika* 187 *mahāsopāna* see *sopāna* *mahāsthāna*, 252 see *sthāna* *mahāthūpa* 298 see *Stūpa* *mahāvedikā* 285, 286 see *vedikā* *mahāvihāra* see *vihāra* *Mahāvijaya Prāsāda*, palace of king Khāravela 175 *Mahāummagga Prāsāda* 59-60 *maheśākhya* 92, 290, 292, 301 *makaratoraṇa* 221, 294 *mallaśālā* 303 *maṇḍapa*, hall 187, 194, 198, 204, 279, 296, 297 *maṇḍovara* 122 *maṅgalapuṣkariṇī* 19 see *puṣkariṇī* *mañjūshā*, box-like projections of Andhra Stūpas 126, 290, 299; also *āyaka*, *āyakamañcha* *mashaka* 59 see plaster *maththaka* 59 Mauryan palace see Kumrahar Mauryan pillars 96-7, 95-6, 171-2 *medhi* 128, 281 *mukhamanḍapa* 183, 206, 207, 278 *mukhapaṭṭikā* or *mukhāvaṭī* 63, *mukhapaṭṭa* 198 *muñja* 43 *nābhi* (=nave) 187 *naddha* 43 *nahana* 43 *naina* 44, see *dhūmanetta* *narathara* 210; see *thara* *Nārāyaṇavāṭaka* 185, 251, 252 *navakamma* 298 *navakammika* 285, 298 *navanīta mattikā* see plaster *nemichakra* 299 *nijjuha* (=*niryūha*) 64, 67 *nisidiyā* (=*niṣadyā*) 176 *nivesana*, residential building 61 *opaśa*, outlet for smoke 44 see *netta* outer railing 132-3
c20.6
*ovaraka* (=*apavaraka*) 186, 298 *pākāra*, *prākāra* 17, 19, 59, 61, 62, 65, 66, 75, 84, 103, 131, 251 —of 18 cubits 61 —*kaṇṭhaka* 131 —*pāṣāṇa-prākāra*, at Girivraja 75 *padhāna maṇḍapa* 285 *padhāna sālā* 298 *paḍarachhanna* 59 *padmavaravedikā*, railing replete with lotus design 131, 142, 166, 173, 211, 221-224, 231, 266 *paiṭṭhāna* 66 *pakshā*, *pakkhā*, wall 42, 63 palace see palace *palada* (=*palāla*) 43, 65, with *paṇṇa*, etc. *parishvañjalya* 65, 43, *paṇāḍī* 175, 187 *panīya*, *pānīya*, of water —*bhājana* 187, 210 —*ghara* 187; *gharika* 210 —*poḍhi* 187, 210 (or only *poḍhi*) *pañjara* 214, see *sīhapañjara* *parikhā*, moat 17, 61, 66, 68, 84 *parimaṇḍala chaitya*, circular *chaityagriha* 203, 204, 278, 279 *parichakā suchi* 285, 286; see *sūchī* *parṇaśālā* 33, 35, 214, 279 *pāsaṇa* see stone —*pasanika*, stone worker 285 —*medavaṇṇa* 125, 126, 260, 299 *pāsāṇakuṭṭima* 124, 126 *pekkhāghara*, theatre 67 *peṇḍaka* (?) 285, 289 pillar (*khambha*, *skambha*, *stambha*, *sthūṇā*, *yaṣṭi*, *vamśa*, *thambha*, laur 34, 35, 41, 42-5, 46, 52, 57, 58-9, 62, 63, 65, 66, 67, 68, 76, 77, 86-7, 89, 90, 97-103, 98-9, 99-100, 103, 109, 122, 130, 131, 171, 183, 184, 204. 281, 280, 282, 285, 288, 298, 299 —of railing, 127, 22+ f. —capital, see capital above —base, *pūrṇaghaṭa*-shaped 184, 201, 209, 211 —*pratimit*, *parimit*, *upamit*, *prāgvamsa*, *prāchīnavamsa*, *udīchīnavamsa*, 43-4 plaster, *navanītamattikā*, *mashaka*, *shlakṣṇamattikā*, *sanhamattikā*, *sudhākamma*, *ullokamattikā* 59, 62, 110, 290, 299, 300 *prākāra*, railing 127; city wall see *pākāra* *prāsāda* see palace *prāsāda*, temple, *prāsādottama* 252, *prāsādastambha* 99 *pratichī* (= *pichhavāḍa*) 42 *prithivīstambhana*, consolidation of earth 77, see foundation *puṇyaśālā* 282, 283 *pradakṣiṇāpatha*, path of circumabulation, aisles (of a *chaitya* cave) 132, 187, 198 *puṣkariṇī*, *pokkhariṇī* 19, 58, 61, 62, 63, 210, 249 *puṣpagrahaṇī*, *puṣpādhāna*, dais for receiving flower offering 231, 299 *pūjāśilā*, tablet for receiving worship 232, 251, 252, also *puhumī-śilāpaṭṭa* 232 *prāṇaha* 43 *rasanā* 52 *rathyā* 85 *Rativadhḍhana Prāsāda* 62 *Ratnagṛiha* 148 roof 17, 64-586 *sabhā* 19, 42, 63, 67, 85, 86, 87, 107 see Assembly Hall *sahassathambha pāsāda* 63, 103 *śailaguhā*, rockcut cave 103 *śālā* 62, 109, 128
c20.7
*śalabhañjikā*, caryatid 67, 182, 220, 224-9 etc., see *śalabhañjikā* *samghāṭa* see *samghāṭa* *samuggaya*, socket 66 *Saptaparṇi* Cave 76 *sandamśa* 43 *sandhi* 66 *sanghārāma*, Buddhist monastery 189 *sangītaśālā*, minstrel's gallery 206, 207, 211 *saṅkrama*, bridge 66, 68 *samthāgāra* 19, 68, 103 *sapaṭasamthara* 298 *śatabhuji* 42, 109 *selaghara*, rock-cut cave 187 *selakamma*, stone work 59, 186, 187 *selakhambha*, *silāthabha*, *selathambha*, stone pillar 298 *selamaṇṭava* 297, 298 *selavaḍhḍhaki* 186, 298 *Sīhala Vihāra* 298 *sīhapañjara*, lattice work 63, 64, 65 *śikya* 43 *śilākammāntika* 187 *śilākañchuka*, *śilā-āchehhādana* 120, 280, 300, 301 *śilāvigaḍa bhicha* 127 *śimśumāraśiraḥ* 130, 141 *sirigabbha* 64 *siyahara*, summer house 67 *skambha* see *stambha* *śobhāpaṭṭi* 182 *sopāna*, staircase 63, 64 —its *kaṭiṅgara*, *pādamūla*, *matthaka* or *sīsa* 64 *sopānatoraṇavedikā* 232 *stambha*, *skambha*, *sthūṇā* etc. see pillar *skambha* as *Jyeṣṭha Brahma* 52 *Skambha Sūkta* 34, 52 *Rudra-Śiva-Stambha* 35
c20.8
*stambhayashṭi* 98 —its symbolism 98-9 *sthapati* 109 stone (*pāsāṇa*) —*meḍavaṇṇa pāsāṇa* 125, 126, 290, 299 —worker in stone 58, 285 —*pasanika* 285 ; *āvesani* 149, 298 —stone rampart at Girivraja 75 —stone wharf at Nagarjunikonda 299 *sthāna*, holystead 252 *Stūpa* see *Stūpa* *stūpī*, finial 64, 65, 204, 213 *stūpikā* 66, 280 *sūchī*, cross-bar 66, 127, 286 —*puḍamtara* 286 —*parichakā sūchī* 286 *sudhā-kamma* see plaster *Sudharmā*, palace of Indra 60, 62 *sūryadvāra* 208 (=*chaitya*-window or *kīrti-mukha*) *thabo* 131 see pillar *taḍāka*, pond 298 *takīa* 127 *tala*, storey 63 temple, *prāsāda*, *sadam* —of Yaksha 116 —of Kārttikeya 302 —of Hārītī 332 —of Śiva 302 —its four components compared to that of a *Stūpa* 122 *thara*, figure moldings 210-11 —their origin 210-11 *ṭhaṭa*, *ṭhaṭṭhara* 43 *toraṇa*, gateway 127, 129-30, 158, 221, 266, 294 *thūbha*, *thūhā* 119, see *stūpa* *thūpikā* 63, see *stūpikā*
c20.9
*tulā* 63 *udara* 42 *udhaṃpaṭa* (=*ūrdhvapaṭa*) 285, 289, 292, 299, 300 *udapāna*, well 63 *uttarapāsaga* 67 *udyāna*, garden 62, 85 *upasthānaśālā* 198 *upaṭhāna* 62 *Upphaka Pāsāda* 62 *uṣṇīśa*, *unhisa*, *unisa*, *unisapaṭa*, coping 127, 130, 285-6, 298 *vaḍḍhaki* 59, 186, 298 *vaṃśa*, bamboo 43, 44 *vānalaṭṭhi* 65 *vapra*, city wall 17, 19, 84 *vāstu*, *vatthu*, architecture 63 *vāstuveda* 57 *vāstuvidyā* 65 *vāstuvidyāchārya* 59, 109 *vajrāsana* throne 172 *vedi*, 127, *vedikā*, railing 33, 34, 35, 46, 127, 132-3, 173, 182, 221-24, 285, 286; see *padmavara-vedikā* —railing pillar 224 f. *vihāra*, Buddhist monastery 186, 187, 189, 191, 193, 194, 197, 199, 202, 203, 205, 210, 278-9 298. *vimāna*, divine car 47, 87 —of Sūryābhadeva 66 *vinichehāyatana* 62 *viṣuvat* 44 *vyālatoraṇa* 266, see *makaratoraṇa* wharf, of stone 299 window, *gavākṣa*, *gokha*, *jharokhā*, *vātapāna*, *siṃha-pañjara*, 64, 65, 68 —three types, *śalākāvātapāna*, *jālavātapāna*, *vedikā-vātapāna* 65 —*uddha-chhiddaka-vātapāna* 65 —*ambāri*, oriel 65 —wooden, 17, 57, 65-6, 89 *yaksham sadam*, Yaksha shrine 116 *yanta*, *yantaka*, locking 59, 60, 64 *yashṭi*, pillar 34, 122 *yūpa*, tiller, sacrificial stake, 34, 35, 40, 46, 52, 54, 57, 77, 119, 121-2, 138 —as *dharma chihna* 35, 52 —*chaitya yūpa* 77, 119 —its four parts 121-2 —compared to *stūpa* 121-2, 138 *ardhachandra*, half-moon-shaped stone 67 *ardhachandraka*, half medallion 287 *Ardhanārīśvara*, half male and half female 6, 45, 48-9, 257 *aritra* 56 Art and craft: Indus Valley 16 Vedic 40-45 Mahājanapada 56-8, 66 Śaiśunāga-Nanda 82-3 see *śilpa* *aṣṭadikkumārikā*, eight maidens of space 125, 232 *aṣṭamaṅgalaka chihna*, eight auspicious signs 233 —*mālā* 159 *Aṣṭamūrti* 6, 45 *asi-lakṣaṇa* 58 *aśmanmayī vāśī*, stone celt 9, 40 *aśoka* 277 —*ottamsikā* 255 —*puṣpaprachāyikā* 139 —*dohada* 226, 266, 319 *Assamukhī* 173 *assamachchha* 222 *assatthāṇa*, stable 47
c20.10
*aśvamukha* 72 *aśvattha* 37 *aśvavyāla* 72 Asuras, the Titans 317 Asura 18, 39, 45, 317 —culture, in Indus Valley 18, 39, 45 —their philosophy of life in the *Chh. Up.* 18 *avadhya* 115 *āvarta*, spiral 74 *āyāga*, see under Architecture *āyāgapaṭṭa* 241 f., 266 *āyasa paraśu*, copper axe (RV. X. 53. 9) 9 *āyasī vāśī*, copper celt 9, 40 —a weapon of Tvaṣṭā in RV. VIII. 29. 3 *āyata* 87 *Ayodhyā* 47 *āyudha*, weapon 56 —*lakṣaṇa* 58 —*puruṣa* 254 *Āyurveda*, science of life 57
c20.11
Bacchanalian groups 246-8, 267 *bachheḍī*, sepals 99 *bahirvedi* 55 *bahudhā-jana* 39 *bahumukha* 72 *bahuśīrṣa* 72 *Bahusuliya* 298 *balāhaka aśva*, winged horse 136 Balarāma 235, 253 256 *bandhura*, seat 41 barber 58 Bārhadratha dynasty 75 *barfīdār* 32 basket maker 57 *basūlā*, *basūlī*, adze 9 beads, their shapes 30 *belana-loḍhā* 74
c20.12
*bhadra kalaśa*, auspicious pot 51 *bhadra maṇi*, auspicious gem 118 *bhadraśaṅkha*, auspicious conch 222 *Bhadrāśva*, white winged dragon sacred to China 70 *Bhagavato pamāṇa laṭṭhi* 159 *bhakti*, cult 235, 238, 251 ff. *bhāṇḍāgārika* 175 *Bhārata* 70 *bhikṣhāpātra*, begging bowl 54, 222 *bhikṣhusaṅgha* 189 *bhiṅgāra* 223 *bhishak* 56 *bhittichitta*, wall painting 66 ; see painting *bhramaraka*, spiral 74 *bhūjishya pātra*, begging bowl 46 *Bhūmi*, Bhuiyāñ, earth goddess 25, 235 *bhūyasī* 87 *Bīr* = Yaksha 114 *bisakhādikā* 225 *bisi* 65 Bodhgaya 172-74 Bodhi, enlightenment 47 *Bodhivṛiksha* 288 —six Bodhi trees of the six Buddhas 138-9 boring, 30 bow, 46, 45, 56, 57, 58 bowfighter 56, 58 Brahmā 253, 254-5 Brahma (= Yaksha) 45, 115 —maha, festival for Yaksha 115 —pura 115 *Brahma ha vai brahmāṇaṃ pushkare sasṛije* 53 *Brahmaṇaspati* Soma 49 Brahmanical images, at Mathura 251-60 *Brāhmasara* 60 *brihat-chhanda* 44 bronze sculpture 22-23
c20.13
*budbudākāra*, bubble shaped 64 Buddha 6, his story in stone and colour his life scenes 6, 126, 152-3, 272-3, 281, 287, 289 descent from Tushita heaven, dream of Māyā, oblique birth, seven steps, first bath, taming of Nalagiri, miracle of fire and water, ascent to heaven of thirtythree gods, three ladders of gold, silver and copper, vision of thousand Buddhas, presentation of four cups, etc. his previous lives, *Jātaka* represented by symbols 236 symbolic representation of his life 152-3 metaphysical pattern of his life 6 as Mahāpurusha 54 as yogī 121 as Chakravartī 121 his image, 236 ff on coins 236, 238, 241-2, on *paṭa* 282, 285, 288, 289, 292 its origin, at Mathura 217, 235-44, 271-2 in Gandhara 271-2 *Buddhapada* 281 *Buddhapaṭa* 282, 285, 288, 289, 292 Buddhism 119, 278 Buddhist legend 288 buffalo 36 building of a Stūpa 124-6 *bujhā*, quartzite 8 bull 25, 36, 46 burial mounds, at Lauriā Nandangarh 75, 76-7, 119 —pottery 27-8 carnelian (= *tamḍā*) 29 carpenter 57 casket 82 chaitya, see under Architecture Chaityakas, a Buddhist sect 278, 284, 285 chakbhaurān, spiral 74 chakkalikā 65 chakra, wheel 41, 46, 51-2, 54, 90, 255, 320 —as arch symbol for Buddha 121 —Tryadhvā chakra 121 —dvyara, pañchāra, shaḍara, sahasrāra 52 —as Dharma 121 —Dharma-chakra 52 —Brahma-chakra, Bhavachakra or Saṃsāra-chakra, Kālachakra, Jīvanachakra 51 —Vṛittachakra of Viṣṇu 52 —Sudarśanachakra 52, 54 —paṭa,--paṭṭa 232, 239, 285, 289, 292, 300 —dhvaja Chakavāka Nāgarāja 132 Chakravartī, Sovereign 58. 191-2, 239, 289 Māndhātā 191-2 Mahā Sudassana 58 iconography 58, 239, 242, 243, 289 chakravyūha 154, 155 chalcedony, karketana 29 chāmara 66, 121 —grāhiṇī 271 chamasa 33, 41, 46, 57 chanda, chandra, moon, half medallion 45, 48, 211 chanda-suriya,-divākara, chandāsūraj 48, 61 chandana kalaśa 223 Chandrā, a Yakṣī at Bharhut 132 Chandraśekhara, Śiva 6 charaṇa, academy of learning 56, 57 chariot (ratha) 41; cartwright, rathakāra 41, 57 charioteer 58 charu 33, 41, 46 chashāla 34, 40 chatasraḥ pradiśaḥ, four directions of space 47 Chātudisa Saṃgha 298
c20.14
chatuḥśrakti, square 124 chatuḥ śṛiṅga, fourhorned 71 chātumahārājika gods 61, 134, 153 chatuppada paṅkti, row of quadrupeds 125, 210, 288, 289, 300 chaturdala, fourpetalled 74 chaturdaṃṣṭra, fourjawed 45, 46 Chaturdvīpī Bhūgola, four continental geography 70 chāturmahādvīpa, four great continents chatushkaparda, 40 chatvara, platform 114 chauphuliā, 74 chelaka, 58 chhandogati 51 Chha Kāmasarga 61 chilathitike, for long enduring 89 chipiṭānana 317 chīranā 29 chitā, funeral pyre 119 chitrakrit, painter 309 chitta, mind 4 chittaka, a cloth 58 chittakāra, 60 chittakamma painting 67 Chulakokā, a Yakṣī at Bharhut 132, 135 Chūlā maha, cult of 165 chūlatatikā 225 Classical age, from 1st cent. A.D. to 7th cent. A. D. 2 Cloth : assatharaṇa, hatthatharaṇa, rathattharaṇa, chittaka, goṇaka, paṭalikā, paṭṭikā 58 Coins : punchmarked 68-70 viṃśatika, triṃśatika, kārshāpaṇa Copper : vessels 58 weapons 9, 40 tablets 38 culture 9, 13 as the chief metal in the Indus Valley 23 its Vedic name, ayas 23 corngrinder 57 cotton 58 Cultural life in and through art 5 cymbal 57 Daivāsuram 4, 39, 46, 50, 317 daivī nāva, divine boat 46 Dakṣiṇāmūrti 6 dampatī 287, 313 daṇḍa 254 daṇḍadipa 229 danta, ivory 65, 309 —rūpa 309 daśamātaraḥ 45 Daśamukhānugraha 6 daśaśirṣā vatsa 46 decorative elements 5 Desakas 298 design 5 for filling space lends beauty to an object as framing border accessory figures natural and conventional deśya krīḍā 225 Deva, divine 6 —abiding in Stūpa or temple 6 —dūshya 300 —kumārikā 223 devaja maṇi 46 devajāta aśva 46 devaratha 46 Devī Kṣhmā, goddess earth 81 Devī Mātā Śrī, mother goddess Śrī 81 Devanirmita Stūpa 217, 220, 230 dhanusha, see bow
c20.15
Dhānyakaṭaka or Amaravati —the first capital of the Andhras 277 —Stūpa, named in inscriptions as Dhanakaḍakachetiya, Dhānyaghaṭaka chetiya, Kaṭamahāchetiya 284 —nigama 284 Dharma, dhamma: —chakra 6, 34, 90-91, 119, 121, 126, 288 —paṅkti 126 —kathikas, preachers of Dhamma 298 —vijaya 10, 103 —kāmatā, —ghoso, —chalana, —niyama, —dāna, —paṭipati, —maṅgala, —saṁ- chava, —susūsā, —anusastu, —anuggaho,—sīlana, etc. 90 Dhammo Sanantano 54 dhātumañjūshā, relic casket 301 dhātugarbha (= dagaba) 125 dhmātṛ, melter 41, 57 dhussa 40; see dūshya Dhvajavatī Kanyā 71 dhyānamudrā see mudrā dīpamālā, row of lamps 128 Diśāmaha, cult of directions 127 Disāvratika, diśā worshippers —Disāpokkhiya 134 dīrghatapasī 136 divi bhattiyo, divine motifs 61 dockyard, at Lothal 20 double headed eagle (= dvimūrdhā śakuni, dviśirṣṇī-, or ubhayataḥśirṣṇī suparṇī) 24, 46, 71, 73 —bull 46 dramaturgy, under music 57 —naṭasūtras of Śilālin and Kṛiśāśva 57 —Pāṇini on, 57 —School of Bharata 57 drishad 41 droṇa 41 droṇakalaśa 57 drum (=dundubhi) 57 Durgā 253, 260 Dussa Stūpa 300 dūshya, dūrśa 40 dvādaśāra, twelve-spoked 52 dvātimsā cha kumāriyo 126 dvimātā 45 Dyāvāprithivī, earth and heaven 47 dyer 58 dumna 56 earring 58 ekagrīva bahūdara 73 ekāmsika 241 ekaśīrshaṇaḥ daśavatsāḥ 71, 73 ekāśma, monolithic 92 ekaśṛiṅga, unicorn 33 ekodara prithakgrīva 73 elephant frieze 73 embroiderer 57, 58 Enkidu 37 Erāpata Nāga 35 faience (=kāñchalī miṭṭī) 28-29, folk art 5 —deities 119 footprints 153, 287 forces of Evil 4 gadā, mace 255, 320 gahapati, householder 284, 285 Gajalakshmī 254, see Śrī-Lakshmī gajamachehha 222 gajapṛishṭhākṛiti 64 gajasamghāṭa see saṃghāṭa —vyāla 72 gaṇa 317 gaṇadevatā 45 Gaṇapati 45, 49, 253, 259 gandhadāma 62
c20.16
Gandhāra art, 261-76 —chronology 271 —geographical extent 260 —main sites situated on trade routes 261 —subjects and scenes 272-5 Gandhārī 261 Gandhārīṇām 261 Gandharva 7, 45 —veda 57 Gaṇesa Leṇa group 205 Gaṅgā 254 Gaṅgādhara 6 Gaṅgita Yaksha 134 Garland (=mālā, dāma, srak) : —making (mālyagrathana, pushpochchaya, pushpagrathana, pushpābharaṇa) 226, 228 —maker 58 —borne by dwarf Yakshas —by elephant-headed Yakshas —issued out from makara mouth —mālādhārī devā 287, 301, 293 garta, seat 41 Garuḍa and Nāga 73 Gaura (=Bos Gaurus) 51 ghaṇṭāpaṅti, row of bells 222 ghaṭṭa maṭṭha, technique of producing polish, 67, 68 —prabhā 68 —of three kinds (saprabha, samarīchi, sadyota) ghora 88 Ghṛita and Amṛita 51 Gilgamesh with bull 37 Girivraj 75f. gods and goddesses, manifestations of one Divinity 4 —as symbols of celestial and earthly powers in the universe 3-4 gold (=suvarṇa, hiraṇya) ; —in Indus Valley 29 —worker in (hiraṇyakāra) 41, 57 —inlay (hiraṇyarūpa) 42 —smith's art, highly developed in Indus and Vedic period 58 —in Sūtra period 58 —garland 47, 58 —drāpi 40 Golden Germ or Egg (Hiraṇyagarbha, etc.) 45, 47, 49 gomachchha 222 goṇaka 58 Gopa 41 Gopikā 229 goshṭhīyāna, picnic car 312 graha (=cup) 57 graiveyaka, neck ornament 58 grāvāṇau, stones for grinding 47 Greek invasion 119 gridhrayātu 72 griffin 72 grotesque 316-17 guhā 47 guhyaka, Yaksha 38, 198, 223, 246, 311 Haimavatavarsha = Bhāratavarsha 70 Haimavatī Umā 49 hair-styles 5 haṃsa 46, 97, 125, 266 —krīḍā 266 —their row 97, 125 Harappa (=Hariyūpiyā) 39 Harihaṃsa 46 Harihara 6, 254 Hārītī 114, 264 hastipa 57 hastimachchha 222 hastinakhaprabhāmaṇḍala, scalloped halo 228 hastinīpadvatī 44 hathattharaṇa 58 havirdhāna 43 hayasaṃghāta see saṃghāta Hellenistic motifs 267 hemamālā 158 heraṇika 284 Himavanta 60 historical scenes 132 honeysuckle 74 Horsebreeding, a text on, from Boghozkoi 71 humorous scenes 173 icon, as symbol of divine 7 Īhāmṛiga, animal design, fanciful animals 5, 66, 67, 71, 174. —mukha 317 Ikshubhañjikā 225 Ikshvākus 277, 282, 286 Indra 6, 235, 253, 259 —dhvaja, -yashṭi 46, 70 —his visit 6 —maha, his cult 35, 52 —āsana 46 Indus Valley art : —discovery 15 —expansion 15 —Harappa and Mohenjo-daro 15 —chronology 38-39 —value 15 —character of its civilisation 15 —compared to Western Asiatic 20, 23, 36, 37, 38 īshā 41 ishu, arrow (ishumat, ishukṛit, ishukāra) 45, 56 ivory (=dantarūpa) 31, 66 —workers of Vidiśā 165 iyaṃ salilanidhane budhasa bhagavate śakiyā-nam 82 jadeite (=masāra) 29
c20.17
Jaina Stūpa 217-8, 219 ff, 230-31 Jākha, Jakhaiyā = Yaksha 118 Jalakrīḍā, water sport 226 jālāṅguli kara 239 jalārdravasanā 226 jalebha, jalahasti 136, 174, 222 Jambūdvīpa 70-74 jaṅghikā 320 Jarāsandh kā Baiṭhak 76 jaṭājūṭa, matted locks 259 Jātakas, earlier births of the Buddha —scenes 126, 137, 244, 280, 287 Jayavijaya gumphā 183 jeweller 57 jewellery, two hoards from Harappa 29 —four hoards from Mohenjo-daro 29 —beads, flat strips, girdles, metal cones, necklace, 30-31 —hairpins 31 —miscellaneous 31 —on female terracottas 24, 25 —circular pendants for necklaces 58 Jīvaputraprachāyikā 225 jyākāra, bowmaker Jyeshṭhā Alakshmī 81 Jyeshṭha Brahma 52 Jyotirliṅga 6, 46, 51 kadruka 41 kaivarta 41 kalaśa 41 kalasapaṭa 285 Kalpavriksha, Kalpalatā, wishfulfilling tree or creeper, 6, 47, 53, 119, 142-3, 144, 145, 146, 155, 192, 222, 269 —producing various desideratives 142-3 —ten kinds of 146 —producing mithunas 142, 144, 145, 155 kalpadūshya vriksha 192
c20.18
Kāmadeva, God of Love 253, 311, 316 kāmalatā, wishfulfilling creeper 53, 269; see kalpavriksha Kāmāntaka 6 Kāmāvachara gods, their six types 161 kammādhiṭṭhāyaka 124 kāṇḍavīṇā 57 kandukakrīḍā 228 kaṁsa 41, 58 kaṇṭakārī, acanthus 74 kaparda 24, 243 kapiśīrshaka, battlement 66, 73, 84, 131 kappaka, barber 58 karāla 317 Karīshiṇī 82 karkarī 57 karmāra 41, 45, 56 karṇaveshṭaka 58 karoṭapāṇi 126 Kārttikeya 233, 253, 258-9 kāshṭhakarma, Pkt. kaṭṭhakamma 65, 68, 103 kaṭa (= matting) maker 56 kaulālaka, potter 57 kavacha, armour 56 kāyotsarga mudrā see mudrā keśākula-mukhī 226 keśanistoyakāriṇī 266 keśavīthī 318 Keśīvadha 254 ketu, ensign 46, 51 Ketumāla 70 khaḍa patthara 29 khādī 24 khuggadharā 126 kharva 317 khetavijjā 58 kīchaka 156, 246 kiṅkara 88, 196 kināśa 41, 56 kiñjalkinī 47, 142, 285 kiṅkhiṇī jāla 62, 131, 291 Kinnara 72 kokayātu 72 kokilakeśapāśa 226 Konākamana, his stūpa 90, 91 kopa, koppu see kumbā koranā 30 kośa 41 kosseyya 58 kṣhurapra mālā 315 Kubera Yakṣha 132, 246, 253, 260 kubjikā 247 kulāla, potter 56 Kumāra 45, 49 Kumārīparvata 185 kumbā 40 Kumudvatī 316 kri 187, 206 krīḍā vihāra 225, 229 kṛiṣhivala 41 Kṛiṣhṇa 235 —his childhood legends 245 kumbha kumbhī, earthen pot 41, 46, 57 kumbhakāra, potter 57, 58 Kumbhamushka (= Kumbhāṇḍa) 45 Kumbhāṇḍa 7, 45, 317 Kumrahar 89 kuṇḍa 33 kuṇḍala 46 kuṇḍalita paṭa 294 kuñjara 66 kuñjarākṣha 74 kurīra 24, 40 Kuṣhāṇa art, at Mathura 232-60 kusūla 57 labyrinth 74
c20.19
lākṣhārāga 142 Lakṣhmī 253, 259-60; see Śrī-Lakṣhmī lāñchhana, distinctive sign 235 lapidary’s art (=maṇikarma, maṇiśilpa) 41, 83, 103 lapis lazuli (= Rājāvarta) 29 lepyakāra, lepyakṛit 308, 309 līlākamala 227, 312 līlāmayūrabarha bhaṅgī keśapāśa 319 lilaṭṭhiya sālabhañjikā 67 liṅga 6, 78 —vigraha 6, 257 —ekamukhī, pañchamukhī 257 lion frieze 73 loḍhaka 74 loga 77 loharūpa 309 lokottara mahāpuruṣha, supermundane great being, 293 loṭā 41 Lothal, dockyard 20 lotus motif 141-2 —its various kinds 131 —on padmvara vedikā 221-2; see padma. lute 57 machchha: gaja-, go-, hasti-, maga- 222 nara- 173, 122 vṛiṣhabha 141 madhu 49 —kośa 46 madhuchchhishṭa, cere perdue 23 madhye saṃgrāhyā 22 mīgara, crocodile 66 maṇimśuka 226 maha, folk festival or cult 139-41 —a list of 138 mahājāneya paśu 34, 69, 98, 90-1, 100 mahābala 117
c20.20
Mahābrahmā 126 mahādeva, great god 46 mahadupaṭṭhāna 116 Mahājanapada period, art in 56-68 mahākāya, colossal 88, 117 Mahākokā devatā 135 mahālaka vijita 102 Mahā Nagna 22, 47 Mahā Nagnī 22, 47, 309 mahānartakī, great dancer 228 mahāparinirvāṇa, great decease 153 mahāprātihārya, great miracle 157 mahāpurusha, superman or Great Being 4, 6, 121, 134, 293 —lokottara 293 —lakshaṇa 293 mahāpushkara sraj 223 Mahārāja, Mahārājika 115, 126, see chātumma hārājika mahāśreshṭhin 285 mahāsya śvā 46 mahat 49, 116 mahātimiṅgala 137 mahāvijaya rājā 176 mahāvīra 46 Mahāvishṇu 255 Mahī mātā 309 mahīmayī mūrti, clay image 308 Mahīsāsaka, a Buddhist sect 298 mahisha 46, 51 Mahishamardinī 253, 260 mahishavyāla 72 mahoraga 46, 72, 232, 266 makaḍā 74 makarikā 294 mālādhārī deva 274, 287, 289, 293 malaga 41 mālāgandhavilepana 58
c20.21.1
mâlyachaṅgerī 228 mānasarovara 60 maṅḍa 56 maṅḍala 46 mandāra 47 Māndhātā 191-2 maṅgala ghaṭa, auspicious pot 51 maṅgala kalaśa 51, 99 maṅgalaka mālā 156 maṇikāra 41, 57, 58, see lapidarist maṇikarma 103 maṇilakkhaṇa 58 maṇiśilpa 103 manosilā tala 61 Māra, evil-genius 4, 126 Māran (=yaksha) 114 mārdaṅgika 320 marīchi 68, samarīchi with polish ; see polish māsha, a weight 69 mashakam 125 Mathura, —as a centre of art 216 —art, style and contents 216ff. —Jaina art 230-34 mātṛikā 45 mātṛimūrti 229 maṭṭha 68 mātugāma potthaka rūpaka 60 Meaning (Artha), its quest 4 —without it art is blind 4 medhi 128 medieval period, 700-1200 A.D.: Early, 700-900 A.D. 2 Late, 900-1200 A. D. 2 mekhalā 24 Menakā 228;
c20.21.2
see Urvaśī meshavyāla 72 Milking of Earth Mother by king 46 millstones 58 *mīnamithuna*, fish pair 232, 233 mirror 58 Miśrakeśī 136 *mithuna*, couple 6, 47, 49, 53, 142, 144, 145, 155, 196, 269, 313 —produced from *kalpavriksha* 53, 142, 144, 145, 155 mortars 58 mother goddess 22, 24, 25, 45, 46, 49, 77-82 —Māyā 24 —Aditi Devamātā 24, 25 —Śrī 24-5, 80-82 —Anāhitā, Aditi, Innini, Istar, Isis 25 —Keśinī 46 —Koṭṭāvī and Kālikā 46 —*mātṛkā*, *dvimātā*, *saptamātaraḥ*, *daśamātaraḥ* 45 —*tisraḥ devīḥ* 45 —ring-stones 77-10 —her pose on ring stones 80 motifs : in Indian art 74 —their countrywide exchange 294-5 —*rūpaka* 66, 67 *mahārūpakaraka* 187 —animal 153, 222 —floral 153 —Hellenistic 267 —*kapiśīrshaka* 66, 73, 84, 131 —*vedikā* 46 —Uttarakuru 223 *mrigarūpa* 71 Mṛtyuñjaya 6 *muchakunda* (=“honey suckle”) 74, 78, 80, 222 *mudrā*, pose —*abhaya* 203, 239, 240 —*añjali* 204 —*dhyāna* 234, 239, 271 —*kaṭyavalambita* 22, 203 —*kāyotsarga* 234 —*latāhasta* 22 *muktādāmalāpaka* 125 *muktākiṅkiṇī jālaka* 125 *muktā yajñopavīta* 294 *mukunda* see *muchakunda* *mukuṭa* 255 *musala* 256 music, science of 57 —instruments 57 *nabhya*, nave 41 *nachchaka devatā*, devā 289, 300 *nachchakagītavāditra* 58 *naḍakāra* 58 *nāḍī* 57 Nāga, serpent 45, 48, 135, 248, —symbol in various pantheons 48 —cult 5, 119 —iconography 135 —*mudrā* 70 —*rāja* figure 280 *nāgadanta*, elephant-tusk shaped peg 158, 223 Naigama 284 Naigameśa 233 Nāka 47 *nānādharma* 39 *nānāmukha* 317 Nandī, Śiva’s Bull 46 Nandīśvara 6 *nandyāvarta* 74 *nāpita* 41 *nara* 66 Nārada 46 Nārāyaṇa 45, 49 *nārī latā* 53 *nāsāgradṛiṣṭi* 271 Naṭarāja 6 *Nāṭya*, dramaturgy 57 nau 56 uāvāja 41, 56 navanīta mattikā 124-5 ;
c20.21.3
also mashakam, maskā nemi 41 nidhi, treasure 46, 317 Nigama, its organisation 317 Nikharva, a nidhi 317 nīlotpala patra 98 nishka 58 Nṛtu, dancer 23, 45 Nṛtū 45 oblique birth, of Indra —of Buddha —of Skanda 46 occupations 41 opaśa 40 Orissa caves, see Udaigiri-Khaṇḍagiri caves ornaments 58 pādapīṭha 249 padma 47, 53; see lotus padmaka 287 padmajā sṛṣṭi 53 padmakośa 98 padmamālinī 81 padmanemi 81 padmāsana, lotus-throne 121, 233, 239, 271 padmasambhavā 81 Padmā-Śrī 82 padmātapatra 240 padmeshṭhitā 81 Padminī 227 padumaka 300 palace : prāsāda, pāsāda, rājakula, pāsādavara, rājabhavana, rājanivesana, vāsaghara, vimāna, nivāsa, 19; 42, 58-9, 59-60, 61, 62-64, 85-6, 89, 103, 109, 175, 302-3 —in Indus Valley 19, at Kumarahar 59; 85-6, 89, Mahā-ummagga 59-60, Rati-vaḍdhana, Upphaka 62, Mahāvijaya 175, at Nāgārjunikoṇḍa 302-3 —defined, divisions and apartments, 63-4 —heṭṭhapāsāda, uparipāsāda 63, sahassakhambhapāsāda 103, śatabhujīśalā 42, 109, śatadvāra 42, sahassathambha 63, sahasra-dvāragṛha 42 padumādika-gāhakā devā 125 painting : —pre-historic 10-13 —on wall 58, 60-61, 62, 66, 67, 68 —on pottery, see pottery.
c20.21.4
pakshagama simha, winged lion 71 pakshī mahisha, winged bison 71 Palaeolithic (= old stone) Age, culture 8 Pallavas 282 palmette, tālaparṇa 74 panasa, jack-fruit 142 pañchapaṭṭika 32 pañchaśarīrī 73 Pañchabrahmā 6 Pañchaśikha 126 Pañcha Vṛishṇi Vīra 118 Pañchendra 259 Pāṇḍu leṇa 202-3 paṇigha 41 pāṇiyagharika 284 pañjaka design 70, 205 paṅkhaḍī 99 Pāpī-Lakshmī, Alakshmī 81 paraśu 14, 312 Pārijāta 47 parimaṇḍala 124 pariṇahya 41 parivṛttaśiras 73 —āvṛttaśiras 73 Parushṇī (=Rāvī) 39 Pārvatī 49
c20.22
*parvatopama* 117 *paryaṅkalīlāsana* 258 *paryaṅkikā* 311 *pāsāṇa koṭṭima* 124 *pashchād varīyasī* 22 *pāshāṇa prākāra* at Girivraja 75 *paśu* 46 —*paṅkti* 37-8 —*pati* 45 *pāta* (=*patra*), ornament 30 *patralatā, patrarachanā, patravallarī*, scroll work or floral design 5 —as sacred as a Divine image 5 *paṭa, paṭṭa*, tablet or slab 298 —*Bodhipaṭa* 289 —*Budhapaṭa* 285, 280, 212 —*Chaityapaṭa* 288, 289 —*Chakapaṭa* 232, 233, 232 285, 290, 292 —*kalasapaṭa* 285 —*pādukāpaṭṭa* 282, 293 —*puhumī śilāpaṭṭa* 232 —*pūrṇaghaṭapaṭṭa* 285, 289 —*sothika (svastika) paṭa* 232, 285, 289, 292 —*stūpapaṭa* 280, 288, 289, 292 —*Tīrthaṅkarapaṭa* 233 —*udmpaṭa (ūrdhvapaṭṭa)* 285, 289 —*āyāga paṭṭa* see *āyāgapaṭa* —*sapaṭasaṃthara* 298 —carved with life scenes 292 *paṭalikā* 58 Patañjali, the grammarian 119 *pātidharā*, bowl-bearer 126 *paṭṭadāma* 62 *paṭṭikā* 58 *pavasta*, sheep-skin 40 *pauma laya* 66, 67 *peṇḍaka* 285 *peśakāra, peśiṭri* 57, 58
c20.23
*peśas*, embroidery 40 *pestles* 58 Phālguni 235 *phullāvalī* 311 physician 57 *piṅgala* 254 *pipal* 32, 37, 47, 119 Piprahwa Stūpa 82-83 Pīṭhapurām 277 ploughman 57 polish 68, 87, 88, 108-110 —pre-Maurya and Maurya 68 —a dozen terms in Sabhā Parva 87 *pottha* 66 *potthakarūpa*, stucco work 66, 209 potter 57 pottery Indus Valley 25-28 produced on wheel 25-6 painted and plain 25-6 designs 5, 26, 28; *sūrya, chauphuliā, matsyaśalka* or *saharesā, pīpal, vihaṅgihā*, etc. types 26-27, 28 NBP Ware 68 NG Ware 68 *prabhāmaṇḍala* 239-40 *prāchām krīḍā* "northern sport" 139, 224 *prāchyāḥ*, northerners 124 *pradakṣiṇāpatha* see circumambulation *pradhi* 41 *prajñāskandha* 293 *pralambakarṇapāśa* 239 *pramatha* 45, 319 *prasādhikā* 266 *pratimā* 103 Pravaragiri (=Barabar Hills) 92 *priṣṭha-gamita*, addorsed 73, see *saṃghāṭa* prithivī śilāpaṭṭa 110 Pṛthivī-Varāha 46 Pṛthu and Pṛthivī 46 pṛthuśroṇi 22 pūjāśilā 127 punchmarked coins : —date 68 —find places 68 —symbols on them 68-70 puṇḍarīka, lotus 47 puṅgava-puṅgavī, man-woman 191 puṇyaśālā 136, 282 pupphadāma 62 pūrṇaghaṭa, pūrṇakumbha, puṇṇaghaṭa, pūrṇa-kalaśa, full vase 46, 51, 53, 98, 99-100, 119, 124, 125, 184, 201, 209, 211, 215, 233, 266, 283, 285, 289, 300, 301 —with lotus 53 —pushpapidhāna pūrṇaghaṭa 283 —kanyā, or nārī, woman with full vase 51 —dhārī 301 —puṇṇaghaṭapaṭimaṇḍita ghara 51 —puṇṇaghaṭapaṅkti 125, 289, 300 —paṭa, kalasapaṭa 285, 289 —as pillar capital and base, see architecture purusha, a measure 48 purushavigraha 72 Pūrvaśaila 278 Pūrvaseḷiya 298 pushkara 47, 53 —sraja, 47, 185 pushkariṇī 81 Pushpa, flower pushpābharaṇa 226 pushpādhāna 125 pushpagrahaṇī 125 pushpagrathana 226 pupphalatā 125
c20.24
pushpapaṅkti 300 pushpochchhaya 226 pushpaprachāyikā 225 pushpasraka 233 Pushyamitra, Senāpati 119 pustakrit 308 putravallabhā 229 Rājā (= yaksha) 115 —Rāja king of Yakshas Rājagiriyas 278 rajaka 58 rājalekhaka 284 rājaśilpī 109 rājatakshā 109 rajayitri 41, 56 rajjusarja, rope-maker 41 rakshāmaṇḍala 136 rakshāpañjara 135 rakshāpaṅkti 293 rakshāsūtra 245 Rakshitā gods 135 Rāṇigumphā 175-9 —scenes identified 177-8, 179-83 rathakāra 41, 56, 57 rathamukha 41 rathavahana 41 rathika 58 ratthatharaṇa 58 Rathyā Yaksha 114 ratnagghiya paṅkti 126 ratnagiri 75, 76 ratnapātra 233 ratnapushpa 82, 301 ratti, a weight 69 ravichandatāra rūpa padumaka 125 reed flute 57 —maker 58 rekhākṛiti, geometrical design 5 Revanta 46
c20.25
*riddhiśṛiṅga*, cornucopiae ring stones 77-80 routes, ancient Indian 128, 261 ff. royal statues, at Mathura 240-51 *rukkhadevatā maha* 6 *rukma* 58 *rūpa*, *rūpaka*, form, design 66, 6, 71, 103, 125, 210, 300, —*rūpaka-sahassakalita* 66, 67 —*vikaṭarūpa*, *vyālarūpa* 71 *rūpapimśana* 40 *Rūpa Sattva*, session of beauty 1 *ruru* 66 *sabba rūpaka* 290, 300 *Śachī* 135-6 *Sadāmattaka* 287 *sādrika sammadam turaṁ devānām* 136 *sāgara-mahāsāgara* 60 *sahakāra-bhañjikā* 225 *sahasrāksha* 45 *sahasra*, thousand —*purusha* 46 —*śṛiṅga vṛishabha* 46 *Sahasrātmā Buddha* 46 *Śaiśunāga Dynasty* 75 ff. *Śaiśunāga-Nanda Period* 75-83 *sakarpārā* 32 *śakaṭa* 41 —*līlā* 254 *Sakka Vilāsa* 60 *Śakra* 126 *Śālabhañjikā*, woman and tree motif 67, 139, 217, 224-249, 232, 233, 274, —the motif in various periods 225 —described in the *Avadāna-śataka* and *Nidānakathā* *śalākā* 70 —*vātāyana* see *jālī* *Salila Krīḍā*, water sport 217, 225
c20.26
*Salilam*, the ocean 47, 49 *Sambodhi*, enlightenment 153 *sandhamana* 40 *saṅghāṭa*, *saṅghāḍa*, animal pairs as capital 63, 66, 73, 130, 153, 154, 156, 199, 201, 215 —*gaja-* 63, 66, 73, 156, 199, 215 —*haya-* 63, 66, 73, 154 199, 215 —*mṛiga-* 154 —*nara-* 63 —*siṁha-* 73, 130, 156, 201 —*vṛisha-* 130, 201, 215 *sammukhīkṛita* 73 *Samudra* 45, 49 *śamulya* (= *samūr*) 40 *śaṅkha*, shell 31-2 *Śaṅkukarṇa*, a Yaksha name 173 *sapaksha*, winged : —*siṁha* 72, 130, 153 —*saṅghāṭa* 130 —*vṛisha saṅghāṭa* 130 —*vyāghra machehha* 222 *sapta*, seven : —*aśva* 46 —*mātaraḥ* 45 —*mātṛikā* 49, 253, 260 —*padī* 46 —*rishi* 45 —*ratna*, seven jewels; in each home 52; of a *Chakravartī* 46, 52, 282, 289; *chakra*, *hasti*, *aśva*, *maṇi*, *strī*, *gṛihapati*, and *pariṇāyaka* —*svasāraḥ* 45 *saptatantrī*, *saptadhātu vīṇā* 45 *śarabha* 66 *sārasa*, bird 78 *Sarasvatī* 253 *Sarnath*, Chakra-Lion-Capital 98-101, 102-3 *Sarpa-gumphā* 184 *śarpayitrī* 56
c20.27
*sārtha* 284 *sarvatobhadrikā* 234 Śatarūpā 46 Sātavāhanas 277 ff. Sātavāhana, see Āndhra-Sātavāhana —emperors, Siri Sivamaka Sada, Vāsiṭhīputrapulumāvi, Yadnya Sri Sadakan 286 Sātghar 92 *saṭṭaka* 136 *Sātthavāha patha* 194 *Sauparṇākhyāna* 50 seals, Indus Valley 32-8 —their types 35-6 —animals on 36-38 *śekhara* 226 Śeṣaśāyī Viṣṇu 255 Session of Beauty 4 *seta chhatā* 60 *ṣaḍara*, six-armed symbol 69, 78 shell objects 31 Siddhātikas, a Buddhist sect 278 *śikya* 223 *śilātalagatā* 227 *śilāvigaḍa* (= made of stone) 90 silken cloth 58 *śilpa, sippa*, art and craft 40, 45, 55, 56-7, 58, 67-8 —as Jānapadi *vṛtti* 56 —in the Śatarudriya 55-7 —superior (*ukhaṭṭha*) and interior (*hīna*) 57 —from *Śrauta sūtras* and *Jātakas* 57 —18 Śilpas 67 —25 major Śilpas 58 —in the Janapada period 67-8 —organised in *śreṇis* 57 *śilpī* 55 silver 29 *siṃha*, lion : —*karṇa* 213 —*āsana* 243, 271 —*vāhinī* 253, 260 —*vyāla* 72, 143 Sineru-paribhaṇḍa 60 Sirimā devatā see Śrī Śiva 6, 34, 35, 36, 235, 253, 254, 256, 257, 320 —Aṣṭamūrti 6 —Paśupati 6, 34 —Rudra 34 —Mahādeva 34 —Mṛgavyādha 36 —in liṅga form 253, 257 —in human form 253, 257 —Ardhanārīśvara 257 —with Pārvatī 253, 257 —his spear 35 *skambha* see pillar *skalhīyān* 41 *ślakṣṇa*, polished 110 *ślakṣṇikaraṇa*, polishing 108, 110 smelter 57 Soma 57 Sonagiri 75 *sothikapaṭa* see *paṭa* spider's web 74 spiral 74 *śreṣṭhi* 246, 285 —*pamukha* 285 Śrī, a mother goddess Śrī and Lakṣmī, two consorts of Viṣṇu 40, 82 Śrī-Lakṣmī, 40, 45, 47, 81, 82, 119, 135, 140-1, 154, 158, 173, 184, 204, 253, 259-60, 310-11 Śrī and Aśrī 40, see also Pāpi-Lakṣmī Śrīmā 47, 81, 135 Śrī, her cult 81 —*chakra*,—*yantra* 80, 135 —*Sūkta*, elaborated 80-82 —*vatsa* 78, 157, 232, 233, 234 —*vriksha* 74, 153, 184 *Śrī*-(=royal) *kareṇu* 64 —*śayana* 64 —*vitāna* 64 *Śrīparvata* 296, 298 *śṛiṅgāra* caskets, of ten kinds 223 *śṛiṅga vṛisha*, unicorn 33, 36 stadium 303 *sthāna* 114 *sthānaka* 255 *Stūpa* = mound (on relics), *chaitya*, *chetiya*, *thūpa*, *mahāstūpa*, *mahāchetiya dhātugarbha* 5, 34, 40, 82-3, 90, 91-2, 119-174, 186f, 193-4, 204, 208, 217-24, 230-231, 262-70, 277-307, 231 —*śilāthūpa* 124, *dussathūpa*, 300, *majjhima chetiya* 124, *Hiraṇya Stūpa*, *Konākamana Stūpa*, *Piprahwa Stūpa*, *Bharhut Stūpa*, *Sanchi* and *Bhelsa Stūpas*, *Stūpas* in Western Indian and other *chaitya*-caves, *Jaina Stūpas* at Mathura, *Devanirmita Stūpa*, Mathura Buddhist *Stūpas*, *Gandhāra Stūpas*, *Andhra Stūpas*, etc. —defined and explained 5, 119-128 —in RV. 7, 2.1, 1. 24.7, *Stūpa*, *Hiraṇyastūpa* 40, 120, 122 — earlier form 119-20. —earlier traditions and symbolism 120-24 —as Pile of Light 120 —as Mound of Gold 120, 122 —associated with the life of a *Mahāpurusha*, of a *Chakravartī* 120 —for *Chakravartī*, Buddha and *Pratyeka-Buddhas* 123
c20.28
—on *Śarīra-dhātu* (bodily relic) 120 —Buddha's sanction in its favour 123 —as a monument depicting life of community 5, 119, 129 —as a documentary of contemporary life 122-3 —eight *Stūpas* on the relics of Buddha 120-1 —signifying Buddha's *Parinirvāṇa*, but a felicitating symbol 122 —three kinds 137 —*Yūpa* inside it 124 —compared to a *Yūpa* 121-2, 138 —compared to a *Prāsāda* 122 —its enlargement, 90, 91-2, 120, 292, 301, see *alpeśakhya maheśākhya*. — —twice the original, *thuve dutiyaṃ vaḍhite* 90 — —with stone encasing, *śilā-achchhadana*, *śilākañchuka* 120, 280, 300, 301 —compared to a water bubble 125, 126 —of bell like shape 126 —sited on the trade routes 128 —as a symbol of tetradic pattern of cosmos 127 —building of a *Stūpa*, *thūpakamma*, *thūpārambha*, described in the *Mahāvaṃsa* 124 —laying of its foundation 124-5 —stone floor 126 —formula of the plaster clay used in consolidation of the ground 124 —slab showing *Stūpa* (= *Stūpapaṭṭa*, *chetiyapaṭa*) 232, 233, 280, 287, 288, 289, 293, 299, 300 *sthapati* 56 *sthaṇabhārika* 29
c20.29
*sthālī* 41 stones: —*būjhā*, quartzite 8 —agate, *lekhāśma*, *galvarka*, *haqīk* 29 —semiprecious 29 —haematite, a kind of soft red stone 10 —*khaḍpatthar* 29 —*chunār* sandstone —sandstone —spatted red sand stone, at Mathura 216 —*medavaṇṇa* marble —see p. 3. Subhadrā 136 Sudarśana 136 Sugandhā 227 *sukapardā* 40 *śuka sārikā* 227 *śukavyāla* 72 Sukhāvatī 47 *śuktikarṇa* 196 *sukurīra* 40 Sumeru 47, 53-4 Śuṅga art 119-174 —its quality 119 *Supalāśa* 53 *suparṇa* 46, 51, 71, 72, 73 —*mahiṣa* 71 —*yātu* 72 Garuḍa and Nāga 51 *suparṇī* 73 *supratīka* 40 *surāghaṭa* 311 *sūrmi*, hollow tube *sūrpa* 41 —*kāra* 41 Śūrpaka 316 *surūpakritnu* 40 Sūrya, sun 48, 73, 211, 253, 254, 257-8, 267 —as symbol 69 49
c20.30
*susilpa* 40 *susīrā sūrmi* 41 *śiśulūka yātu* 72 *sūtra*, thread 41 *suvarṇaghaṇṭāpaṅkti* 125 *suvarṇapuṣpa* 83 *suvarṇa śilpa*, jeweller's art 103 *suvarṇa yaṣṭi* 158 *svarūpa* 317 *svastika*, symbol of quadruplication 32, 46, 49-50, 69, 70, 74, 232 —*paṭṭa* 232, 289, 292 *śvayātu* 72 *svopaśa* 40 *śyenavyāla* 72 *śyenamachchha* 222 symbols, 4-5, 45-7, 45-55, 68-70, 80, 86, 232-3, 244-5, 325-36 —Vedic, in art 45-55 —on punchmarked and tribal coins 4, 68-70 —on the bottom of Kumrahar pillars 86 —on sealings 5 —on ring-stones 80 —on Āyāgapaṭṭa 232-3 ; see *paṭas* —Hellenistic, in Mathura art 244-5 —their purpose, *śobhanārtha* & *ārakṣaṇārtha* 55 —Appendix I, pp. 325-36 *takṣā*, carpenter 41, 45, 56, 57 *takṣaṇa* 103 *tālasamuchchhrita* 117 *tāladhvaja*, *tālaketu*, palm-capital 74 *tālamāna*, iconometery 4 *talava* 57 *talpa*-maker 56 *tāṇḍava* dance 45 *tantra*, loom 40 *tantu* 41 *tasara*, shuttle 40 taṣṭā 41 tata, worp 30 terracotta art : —Indus 23-5, 309 —technique 23 —literary references 308-9 —Maurya, 309-10 —Śuṅga 185, 310-313 tettiṃsa-devaputtā 126 Texts : Aitareya Brāhmaṇa 261 Aṅgavijjā 159 Aṅguttara Nikāya 219 Aparājitapṛcchhā 72 Āpastamba Śrautasūtra 108 Arthaśāstra 69, 84, 85, 89, 315 Aśokan Epigraphs 89, 90, 91, 102, 103, 107, 127 Āśvalāyana G. S. 58 Atharva Veda 22, 33, 34, 35, 39, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 51, 54, 71, 73, 81, 98-9, 116, 117, 261 Aupapātika Sūtra 232 Avadānaśataka 224 Āvaśyaka Sūtra 180 Baudhāyana S.S. 57 Bhagavatī Sūtra 134 Brahmapurāṇa 72, 317 Bṛhatkalpasūtra Bhāshya 108 Bṛhatkathākoṣa 309 Buddhacharita 239, 316 Chhāndogya Upanishad 18, 261 Dīgha Nikāya 58, 105, 116, 117, 123-4 Divyāvadāna 35, 55, 135, 170, 186, 191-262, 295-6 Drāhyāyaṇa 116 Dramas of Bhāsa 180
c20.31
Dramas of Harsha 180 Gobhila G. S. 116 Gopatha Brāhmaṇa 53 Harivaṃśa Purāṇa 72, 317 Harshacharita 45, 64, 159, 294 Jātakas 45, 53, 57, 59, 60-5, 89, 105, 137, 142-3, 157, 164, 225, 228, 261, 295, 296, 308 Jīvābhigama Sūtra 68 Kādambarī 67, 231 Kalpasūtra 231 Kāśyapa Saṃhitā 258 Kathāsaritsāgara 180 Kāvyamīmāṃsā 309 Keśavadāsa (Rāmachandrikā) 100 Kumārapālapratibodha 180 Kumārasambhava 259 Lalitavistara 54 Mahābhārata 53, 71, 73, 75-6, 82, 87-8, 108, 115-6, 117, 130, 135, 143-4, 181, 251, 259, 291, 308, 317 Mahāmāyūrī 195 Mahāvaṃśa 124-6, 129, 148, 170, 210, 231, 288 Mārkaṇḍeya Purāṇa 259, 260, 308 Matsya Purāṇa 71, 72, 48, 159, 227, 230, 317 Meghadūta 145 Mṛichchhakaṭika 308, 312 Mṛigavatīcharita 180 Nāyādhammakahā 67, 116 Niddesa 141 Nīśīthachūrṇi 67 Pāṇini (Aṣṭādhyāyī) 45, 56, 57, 59, 69, 117, 224, 261 Patañjali (Mahābhāshya) 86, 200 Paumachariya 146 Raghuvaṃśa 7, 228 Rājatarangiṇī 91
c20.32
Rāmāyaṇa 53, 82, 100, 115, 127, 135, 143, 317 Rāyapaseṇiya 66-7, 116, 165, 221-2, 224, 230-31 Ṛigveda 9, 23-4, 33, 34, 39, 40, 41, 42, 45, 46, 47, 49, 50, 51, 52, 54, 71-2, 77, 80-82, 99, 101, 116-7, 120, 206 Saddharmapuṇḍarīka 231 Śākuntalam 145, 308 Sāmañña Phala Sutta 58 Śāṅkhāyana G. S. 65 Śatapatha Brāhmaṇa 22, 44, 45, 50, 52, 53, 58, 65, 71, 121-22, 124, 261 Saundarānanda 229, 316 Śrāvakāchāra 146 Śṛiṅgāramañjarī 227 Triśashṭiśalākāpurusha 160 Vājasaneyi Saṃhitā (Yajurveda) 25, 34, 40, 41 Vāmana Purāṇa 317 Vāyu Purāṇa 144, 235, 317 Vinaya Piṭaka 57 Vishṇudharmottara Purāṇa 55 Vishṇu Purāṇa 7 trayastriṃśa deva 34 —svarga 6 tiraśchīna nirgamana 46, see oblique birth Thīrthaṅkara image 233-4 tree: —Bodhi trees 138-9 —ābharaṇa 192 —see kalpavriksha Tree-of-life 47, 74, 153; see Śrī-vriksha triphaṇa, triskeles 70, 78 triratna 119, 154, 232, 233, 281, 289 triśūla 46, 289 Trivikrama 40, 50, 154 —Vāmana and Virāṭ 50 tulāmāna 58 tūlikā 58 turaga 66 turiyavādaka devatā 125, 300 two-headed bull 71 see double-headed Tryambaka 45 Udaigiri & Khaṇḍagiri caves 175-85 udakaghaṭa, water pot 65 udaka-kshveḍikā 225 udakanisrita 135 udañchana 41 udapāna 249 udakatāḍana 226, 249 Udayagiri 75 uddalomi 58 udīchya veśa, northerner's dress 153, 224, 258 udyāna krīḍā 139, 217, 223 —in the Matāṅga Jātaka 225 —in the Uddālaka Jātaka 225 unicorn 36 ukhā 41 ulloyachittiya 67 ulūkayātu 72 Umā-Maheśvara 6 upala-prakshiṇī 57 upāsaka 284 Upavedas, 57 —cultivated in Vedic academies ūrdhvamtiṣṭha 41 ūrṇavābhi 74 ūrṇā 239, 271 Urvaśī, woman with sword 228 usabha, bull 66 uṣṇīśa 239, 271 usulakshaṇa 58 utensil 41, 57, 58 —of stone —of metal —of clay —of wood —for cooking 57 utkṣipta-śiras 73 utkīrṇa 206 uttamarūpadharā Uttarakuru 5, 71, 119, 135, 142-5, 192-3 —visited by Māndhātā 135, 144, 192-3 uttarīya 241 vāchaka 298 vadhūmiva te śāle 44 Vaibhāragiri 75, 76 vaibhāyasī 87 vaijayantī, triangle-headed standard 46, 52, 70, 232, 233 vaikakshyaka 310 vajra 46 vajralepa 125 —its formula Vākāṭaka 286 Vaṅkshu (or Chakshu), Oxus 70 vālaga 66 valībhṛit 318 vāmana, dwarf 317 vāmanaka 316 Vāmana-Virāṭ 45 vaṃśa-nartin 41 vanalaya 66 vanamālā 320 vanaspati 40, 47 vaṇij 56, 284 Varāha 46 varāheṇa pṛithivī saṃvidānā 46 Vardhamāna pratimā 234 varma 56 Vāsiṭhīputra Puḷumāvi 286 vāstu, vāstuvidyā, vāstukarma, vāstuparikamma, architecture 56, 57, 58 vasudhāna kosha 35, 46 Vasudhārā 46 vātaraśanā 47 vayana, art of weaving 40 vayaṭri 41, 56
First 39 of 44 passages. Read on