Vastu-shastra (Vol. I: Hindu Science of Architecture; Vol. II: Hindu Canons of Iconography and Painting) v2.c75.s2.23

v2.c75.s2.23

‘The phenomenal incidents in Jain literature are known as (a) Garbha or Conception, (b) Janma or Birth, 'c) Jñāna or Enlightenment, (d) Nirvāṇa or Death—or collectively Five Kalyāṇas. Besides these, free choice was given to build Jain temples on sacred places, on the sea-side or at any fine place or locality’. Brindavan Bhattacharya accordingly says (J. I. p. 29) that ‘as a consequence, we actually find Jaina temples under a Jain community scattered over all parts of India. Vimala sheh Tejapala and Vastupala on Mt. Abu in Rajputana and temples on the Mt. called Parasnath in S. Bihar are noteworthy in Jain architecture. The caves in the rock, on which the fort of Gwalior is built, contain many interesting Jain sculptures. Other sites of temples and sacred places of the Jainas are : Mathura, Śatruñjaya Hill in the Palitana State, Girnar in the Junāgarh State in Kathiawar, the Indra and Jagannath Sabha caves, Ellora, Khajuraho in C. I., Deogarh, Gadag, Lakkundi in Dharwar, Sravaṇa Belgola. At Sravaṇa Belgola, there is a gigantic statue of Gomateśvara. Other Jain clossii are found Karkala and Venur in South Kanara. Nearly all the Tīrthankaras obtained consecration and perfect knowledge at their native places though Ṛṣabha is said to have been a Kevalin *i.e.* one possessed of the highest knowledge, at Parimtāla, Neminātha, at Girnar, and Mahāvīra (the last) on Ṛjupālikā river. Twenty of them attained final release on Sammetaśikhara or Mt. Pārśvānatha but Neminātha enjoyed this bliss at Girnar, Vāsupujya at Campāpur in E. Bihar, Mahāvīra at Pāvāpurī and Ṛṣabha himself at Aṣṭāpada, which is identified with the famous Satruñjaya in Guzrat'. Eightyfour images of Jains are known to have been installed at different places of Jainism.