Vastu-shastra (Vol. I: Hindu Science of Architecture; Vol. II: Hindu Canons of Iconography and Painting) v2.c75.s2.46

v2.c75.s2.46

‘The Gupta period showed a marked develoment in the iconographic characteristics of a Jina figure. Not only do we see in such images, the particular Lānchanas incorporated but miniature figures of a Yakṣa, and a Śāsanadevatā invariably included. Other marks such as a trilinear umbrella, a drum-player surmounting it, a pair of elephants on two sides of the umbrella and a Dharma-cakra symbol attended by a pair of either bulls or deer form parts of a Jain sculpture’. ‘In no sculpture of Kushan age hailing from Mathura, the Tīrthaṅkara figure is seen attended by either a Yakṣa or a Yakṣiṇī, but in the Gupta onwards, it was a stereotyped canon with the sculptors.’