A History of Fine Art in India and Ceylon, from the Earliest Times to the Present Day c23.3

c23.3

Fine, *see* Fine art; Indian, includes creative Fine Art, 6; plants and animals in, 6; originality of, 7; a by-product of religious emotion, 8; works on, 8, 12; history of, begins with Asoka, 57; naturalistic in early times, 58, 128; Hellenistic branch of, 97; in the Far East, 130; culminating point of, 155; Gupta revival of, 159, 170; mediaeval, 181, 208; in Tibet and Nepāl, 198, 314; in the South, 218; modern eclectic, 236; in Java, 259; scarcely noticed in Indian literature, 304; in Turkistan, 307; modern Europeanized, 346; minor Hindu, 351; Christian, 366; foreign influences on, 377; plant and animal forms in, 388; earliest Muhammadan, 391; decline in, 419; minor Muhammadan, 421; conventions of, 492; Industrial, *see* Industrial art; Japanese, *see* Japanese art; Persian, *see* Persian art. Aruna, personified Dawn, 188. Ārya Sūra, *Jātaka Mālā* of, 279 note. Āryāvarta, or Indo-Aryan style, 24-32. Āsaf Khan, nobleman of Shahjahān's court, 417, 446, 490. Asia Minor, schools of art, 378; Musalman sculpture in, 424. Asiatic art, 3, 314, 466. Asīrgarh, falcon medal of, 422, 423. Asit Kumār Haldar, artist, 350. Asoka, (1) emperor, preferred masonry buildings, 13; buildings of, 14; Piprāwā *stūpa* perhaps earlier than, 17; Lomas Rishi cave of, 20; monolithic pillars of, 20, 133; engineering skill in time of, 22; Anurādhapura buildings of time of, 49; history of Indian art begins with, 57; Buddhism the state religion of, 58; inscriptions and monolithic columns of, 59; Sārnāth capital the best sculpture of, 60; Bakhirā pillar of, 62; female statue of time of, 62, 63; sundry sculptures of time of, 64, 65; Bodh-Gayā railing later than, 67; lion sculptures of, 78; Ionic capitals of age of, 101; Allahabad pillar of, 160, 174; bell-capital of period of, 176; Tāranāth on art of, 304-6; Tibetan painting of, 315; dominant Persian influence in age of, 377; foreign artists of, 378; Greek influence on, 379; intercourse with Egypt of, 382; (2) tree, 136. Assos, relief of bulls fighting at, 282. Assyrian, prototypes of Indian design, 60. *Asura*, demon, 235. Atakūr, boar-fight relief at, 223. Atāla Devī mosque, 398, 399. Athos, Mount, manufacture of ikons at, 315. Atlas (Atlantes) figures, 104, 129, 216, 217, 227, 228, 384, 385. Aunda, brick temple at, 23 note. Aurangābād, sculptures of Gupta age at, 178, 179, 295; tomb of Aurangzēb at, 419. Aurangzēb, emperor, buildings of, 419; destroyed Delhi elephants, 426; librarian of, 452 note; library of, 457; portrait of, 489, 490. Austin de Bordeaux, legend of, 416. Avalokitesvara, images of, 185, 190, 256, 257, 308; litany of, 279. Avantipura, or Vāntpōr, 46. Avantivarman, king of Kashmīr, 46. *Avatār*, incarnation, 210. Awkana, colossal statue of Buddha at, 249. Azes I, coins of, 101, 116, 126, 356.