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Early Tamil Epigraphy: From the Earliest Times to the Sixth Century A.D. c28.s6.t8: VIII. Vikkiramangalam

Early Tamil Epigraphy: From the Earliest Times to the Sixth Century A.D. c28.s6.t8

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VIII. Vikkiramangalam

c28.s6.t8.1

**18.1 *e-iyl*** Read *eyil*. (P.) Cf. *eyil* 'fortress, wall, fortification, city, town' (D. 808). The reversal of *-yi-* as *-iy-* is a scribal error. There were several places with this name in ancient Tamil country.

c28.s6.t8.2

Cf. LT *eyil* 'city, fortified town' (*Puṟa.* 3:9, *Naṟṟ.* 43:11); *eyil* 'city, fortification' (*Tivā.* 930); *ēḻ-eyil* 'name of a fortified town' (*Puṟa.* 33:8).

c28.s6.t8.3

Cf. (inscr.) *eyil-kōṭṭam*, name of a territorial division which included Kanchipuram (*SII.* XII: No. 66, 9th cent. A.D.).

c28.s6.t8.4

**18.2 *ar-iytaṉ*** (*ariyaṉ*). N. of the donor. Cf. **ar-itaṉ** (**8.2**). See section 6.19.2 for the pause between *r* and *i*.

c28.s6.t8.5

**18.3 *cēvit-ōṉ*** (*cēvittōṉ*) (v.) 'he who caused to be made'; participial noun, causative, 3rd person masculine singular, from *cē* (LT *cey*) 'to make'.

c28.s6.t8.6

**Analysis**: *cē* (stem) + *vi* (causative suffix) + *t* (past tense marker) + *ōṉ* (PNG suffix in free form). The consonant *-t-* is not doubled. See ***cē-iya*** (**2.10**) for further comments.

c28.s6.t8.7

**19.1 *em*** (pron.) 'our'. First person plural oblique form of *yām* 'we' (exclusive) (D. 5154).

c28.s6.t8.8

**19.2 *ūr*** (n.) 'village, town, city' (D. 752). The expression occurs here as an independent word in *em ūr* 'our village'. Elsewhere in the Corpus, *ūr* is the most frequent suffix to place names occurring either in free form as in ***pākaṇ-ūr*** **(13.1)** or bound as in ***tēṉūr*** **(73.2)**. (See Index to Place Names in Appendix III.)

c28.s6.t8.9

Cf. LT *em ūr* 'our village' (*Naṟṟ.* 276:7); *ūr* 'village' (*Tivā.* 930; *Piṅkala.* 475).

c28.s6.t8.10

Cf. (inscr.) *ivv=ūr* 'this village'. (*Pallava Inscrs.* No. 17, ca. 6th cent. a.d.).

c28.s6.t8.11

**19.3 *ciḻivaṉ-a*** 'of Ciḻivaṉ'. N. of the donor in genitive case. The name occurs in **7.2** also, but is otherwise not attested. It may probably be compared with *ceḻiyaṉ*, a generic name of the Pāṇṭiya dynasty (*Tivā.* 182).

c28.s6.t8.12

**-a** is the most frequent genitive suffix in the Ta. Br. inscriptions. See section **7.27.4**.

c28.s6.t8.13

Cf. LT *avara . . . kayam* 'their ponds' (*Puṟa.* 15:9-10); *marāatta kōṭu* 'branch of the tree' (*Kuṟun.* 99.4); *niṉa yāṉai* 'your elephant' (*Pari.* 19:85); *verina-t-tōl* 'skin of the back' (*Pari.* 21.5).

c28.s6.t8.14

**19.4 *tāṇa*** (n.) 'gift, charity'. Cf. *dāna* (Pkt.) < *dāna* (Skt.).

c28.s6.t8.15

Cf. (Pkt. inscr.) *dānaṁ* (*Bhārhut Inscrs.* Word Index).

c28.s6.t8.16

The word-final nasal *m* is omitted apparently under the influence of Pkt. inscriptional orthography. Cf. (Pkt. inscr.) *dāna* (for *dānaṁ*) (Amaravati, C. Sivaramamurti 1977 reprint: Nos. 59, 64, 79; *Bhārhut Inscrs*: Word Index). The omission may also be due to nasalisation in the spoken language.

c28.s6.t8.17

Cf. LT *tāṉam tavam iraṇṭum* 'both charity and penance' (*Kuṟaḷ.* 19); *tāṉam* 'gift' (*Piṅkala.* 2128; *Cūṭā.* 9:9).

c28.s6.t8.18

Cf. (inscr.) *tēvar tāṉam āka* 'as gift to the deity' (*Pallava Inscrs.* No. 121, 9th cent. a.d.).

c28.s6.t8.19

**20.1 *antai-y pikaṉ*** N. of the father of the donor.

c28.s6.t8.20

**a. *antai-y*** (n.) 'an honorific'. *-y* is the paragogic suffix. See **3.7.a** for comments.

c28.s6.t8.21

**b. *pikaṉ* (pikkan)** (N.) Cf. LT *pikkam* 'young of elephant' (*TL*) < *pikka* (Skt.) 'young elephant' (MW). The consonant *-k-* is not doubled.

c28.s6.t8.22

**20.2 *makaṉ*** (n.) 'son' (D. 4616). As may be expected, this is the most frequent kinship term occurring in the Corpus (see Inscriptional Glossary in Appendix I).

c28.s6.t8.23

Cf. LT *niṉ makaṉ yāṇṭuḷaṉō* 'where is your son?' (*Puṟa.* 86:1-2); *makaṉ* 'son' (*Tivā.* 276; *Piṅkala.* 833; *Cūṭā.* 2:80).

c28.s6.t8.24

Cf. (inscr.) *vēḷ marukaṉ makaṉ* 'son of Vēḷ Marukaṉ' (Pulankurichi Inscrs. II.2, ca. 5th cent. a.d.); *kantaparup(a)=ēṉātiyār makaṉ* 'son of Kantaparupa Ēṉātiyār' (*Pallava Inscrs.* No. 276, ca. 6th cent. a.d.).

c28.s6.t8.25

**20.3 ven-a** Read *veṉ-*. 'of Veṉ'. N. of the donor in genitive case. The name is derived from *veṉ* 'victory'. Cf. Ta. *veṉ*, *veṉṟi* 'victory '; Ma. *venni* id. (D. 5493). Cf. *veni* for *veṉi* (*veṇṇi*) (**70.2.a**); *veṟri* 'victory' (*Tivā.* 2139); *veṉṟi*, *veṟṟi* id. (*Piṅkala.* 1767; *Cūṭā.* 8:32).

c28.s6.t8.26

Cf. LT *veṉ* 'victory, victorious' (*Aka.* 60:12, 62:12; *Puṟa.* 19:4, 141:7).

c28.s6.t8.27

The dental *n* is a scribal error for the alveolar *ṉ*. This is one of the earliest attestations for the falling together of the sounds *n* and *ṉ* in Tamil. Cf. ***atiyan* neṭumān-** (**59.2**) and **kaccavanu** (**119.2.a**) with similar error. See section 7.7.2.

c28.s6.t8.28

The genitive suffix *-a* is added in free form. See **19.3** for discussion.

c28.s6.t8.29

**20.4 tāṇa** (n.) 'gift'. See **19.4**.

c28.s6.t8.30

**21.1 pētalai** (*pēttalai*) (P.) lit., 'devil's place'. Cf. place names like Kuḷittalai, Cīttalai, etc.

c28.s6.t8.31

**a. pē** (n.) Cf. *pēy* 'devil, goblin'; Ma. *pē* 'demon' (D. 4438). Alternatively, cf. *pēya* (Amg.) 'demon' < *prēta* (Skt.) 'departed soul'.

c28.s6.t8.32

Cf. LT *pēy* 'demon' (*Tivā.* 36; *Piṅkala* 209; *Cūṭā.* 1:45).

c28.s6.t8.33

**b. talai** (n.) 'word used as a locative case suffix' (*TL*). Cf. *tala* (Te.) 'place' (D. 3103).

c28.s6.t8.34

Cf. LT *nanantalai ulakam* 'the world is a wide place' (*Puṟa.* 221:11; *Kuṟun.* 6:3); *talai* 'iṭam (place)' (*Tivā.* 1023; *Piṅkala* 719; *Cūṭā.* 5:65).

c28.s6.t8.35

**21.2 kuviraṉ** N. of the donor. Cf. *kubēra*, *kuvēra* (Amg.) < *kubēra* (Skt.) 'god of riches and treasure; regent of the northern quarter' (MW).

c28.s6.t8.36

Cf. (Pkt. inscr.) *kupira* (*Bhārhut Inscrs.* No. B1); *kubira* (Sinh. Pkt., Paranavitana 1970:No. 469); *kubēra* (K.G. Krishnan, ed. 1989:No. 66. I).

c28.s6.t8.37

Cf. LT *kupēraṉ* 'Kubēra' (*Tivā.* 11; *Piṅkala.* 195; *Cūṭā.* 1:29).

c28.s6.t8.38

**22.1 ceṅkuviraṉ** N. of the donor.

c28.s6.t8.39

**a. ce(m)-** (adj.) 'good'. Cf. *cem-* 'straight', *cemmai* 'goodness' (D. 2747).

c28.s6.t8.40

Cf. **ceṅkāyapaṉ** (**61.4** & **62.4**), **centaṉtaṉ** (**109.1** & **110.1**).

c28.s6.t8.41

Cf. LT *ceṅkuṭṭuvaṉ* 'N. of a Cēra king' (*Cilap.* 26:224); *ceṅkōl* 'upright sceptre i.e., just rule' (*Puṟa.* 35:14); *cemmai* 'greatness' (*Tivā.* 1363; *Cūṭā.* 8:10).

c28.s6.t8.42

Cf. (inscr.) *ceñcaṭai īcar* 'god of the fair matted locks (Śiva)' (*Pallava Inscrs.* No. 245, 9th cent. A.D.); *cempoṉ* 'pure gold' (*SII.* XIV:No. 20, Pāṇṭiya, ca. 8-9 cent. A.D.).

c28.s6.t8.43

Sandhi: *-m* > *-ṅ-* before *-k*.

c28.s6.t8.44

**b. kuviraṉ** 'a personal name'. See **21.2**.

c28.s6.t8.45

**23.1 *ku[vi]rā*** (*kuvira* + *ā*) 'of Kuviraṉ'. N. of the donor in genitive case; construed as *kuviraṉ* + *ā* (genitive suffix). Cf. **kuviraṉ (21.2)**. The genitive suffix *-ā* is added to the noun stem after elision of the PNG suffix *-aṉ*. See section 7.16.6. cf. ***nali-y-ūr-ā* (65.1)** and ***nalli-y-ūr-ā* (66.1)** for other occurrences of the genitive suffix *-ā*.

c28.s6.t8.46

**23.2 *tāṇa*** (n.) 'gift'. See **19.4**.

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