Early Tamil Epigraphy: From the Earliest Times to the Sixth Century A.D. c8.11

c8.11

| Section | Page | Section | Page |
| 6.15.2 Empirical rules for the special usage of *u*-vowels | 239 | 6.21.3 Loss of anusvāra *ṁ* | 246 |
| 6.16 Dual values of the letters *e* and *o* | 239 | 6.21.4 Loss of *h* | 246 |
| 6.17 Doubling of consonants in Tamil-Brāhmī inscriptions | 240 | 6.21.5 Substitution of sibilants | 246 |
| 6.17.1 Doubling of consonants in loanwords | 240 | 6.21.6 Intervocalic *-p-* > *-v-* | 247 |
| 6.17.2 Doubling of consonants in Tamil words | 241 | 6.21.7 IA non-initial *-n* > Ta. *-ṇ* | 247 |
| 6.17.3 Doubling of consonants as a grammatical feature | 242 | 6.21.8 IA final *-ā* > Ta. *-ai* | 247 |
| 6.17.4 A special orthographic convention for doubling of consonants | 242 | 6.22 Voicing of consonants: evidence of Tamil-Brāhmī orthography | 247 |
| 6.17.5 Doubled consonants in Early Tamil inscriptions | 242 | 6.22.1 Caldwell's Law | 247 |
| 6.18 Analytical writing in Tamil-Brāhmī inscriptions | 242 | 6.22.2 Absence of voiced consonants in Tamil-Brāhmī | 248 |
| 6.18.1 Consonant followed by vowel | 243 | 6.22.3 Substitution of voiced with voiceless consonants in loanwords and Prakrit inscriptions | 248 |
| 6.18.2 Vowel followed by vowel | 243 | 6.22.4 Weakened articulation of consonants | 249 |
| 6.19 Pause in Tamil-Brāhmī inscriptions | 244 | 6.22.5 Minimal presence and loss of the sibilant *s* | 249 |
| 6.19.1 Pause in lieu of doubling of consonants | 244 | 6.22.6 *Tolkāppiyam* silent on voicing | 249 |
| 6.19.2 Pause indicating that the following vowel is a diphthong | 244 | 6.22.7 Evidence of voicing only from the early medieval period | 249 |
| 6.20 Assimilation and epenthesis in loanwords | 245 | 6.22.8 Interpreting the evidence | 249 |
| 6.20.1 Where the changes had taken place in Prakrit | 245 | 6.22.9 Discussion | 250 |
| 6.20.2 Where the changes appear to have taken place in Tamil | 245 | 6.22.10 Conclusion | 251 |
| 6.21 Orthographic changes in loanwords | 245 | ## 7. Grammar | |
| 6.21.1 Loss of voicing | 245 | I. PHONOLOGY | |
| 6.21.2 Loss of aspiration | 246 | 7.1 The Tamil alphabet | 253 |
| | | 7.2 Phonemic inventory | 253 |
| | | 7.2.1 Vowels (*uyir*) | 253 |
| | | 7.2.2 Consonants (*mey*) | 253 |