Indian Epigraphy: A Guide to the Study of Inscriptions in Sanskrit, Prakrit, and the Other Indo-Aryan Languages c17.3

c17.3

Bhīṭā, 124, 222 *Bibliography of Studies in Indian Epigraphy* (Chaudhuri), 259 Bihar, 136, 148, 188, 193, 256 bilingual inscriptions, 70, 109 in Afghanistan, 153 in Burma, 154 in Cambodia, 156 as decipherment tool, 209–15 Gujarati, 102 Hindi, 102, 103 Indo-Greek and Indo-Scythian coins, 209, 210 Islamic languages, 107, 109, 149, 150 Kannada, 106, 148 Leiden plates, 149 Marathi, 100 Nepali, 104, 108, 152 New Indo-Aryan language, 99, 109 Oriya, 101 Sanskrit, 91, 109, 148, 149, 155 in Southeast Asia, 150, 155, 159 “true” bilinguals, 109 in Vietnam, 157 birch-bark manuscripts, 45, 78n.23 biscript inscriptions, 39, 44n.127, 47, 70–71, 143, 156, 215 Bloch, J., 73, 133 Bombay Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society, 218 Boṛiyā (Gujarati) script, 102 Borneo, 158, 159 boustrophedon, 23, 27–8, 151 box-headed script, 34, 39, 69, 203 Boyer, A. M., 159 Brahmā, 8, 10 Brahmagupta, 183–84 Brahmanical/Hindu tradition, 88, 91, 93, 94, 111, 114, 117 cultic inscriptions, 122, 128 inscribed ritual bricks, 131 pilgrims’ records, 121 royal patronage, 238 sectarian traditions, 239–41 *Brahma-siddhānta*, 178–79 Brāhmī, 17–41, 83 Aśokan, 17–19, 21, 26, 30–31, 136 Bhaṭṭiprōlu variety biscripts, 70–71, 215 calligraphic varieties, 69–70 central Asian, 132, 153, 154, 160 characteristics, 14–16 coin legends, 27, 45, 207 connections with Indus script, 10–16, 17, 20–21 dating of, 8, 9, 10, 12, 181 decipherment, 199–200n.2, 204–9, 212–13, 214 derivatives, 33–42 development in Southeast Asia, 42, 158 development in Sri Lanka, 28, 151 direction of writing, 27–28, 48, 151 early, 8, 9, 10, 12, 13, 31–38 early readings of, 201 early southern, 36–37 extra-Indian derivatives, 41–42 Gupta inscriptions, 145–46 Indo-Scythian period, 143–44 ivory and bone seals, 132 Kharoṣṭhī, connections with, 22, 23, 48, 49, 54, 55, 56 late, 38–41 Mauryan, 30–31, 34, 140–41 middle, 37–39 name, 17, 19 northern, 40–41, 143–44, 147 numerical signs, 56–64, 216–17 in Old Tamil inscriptions, 35 origin, 17, 19–30, 59 paleography, 31–42, 55 parent of modern Indic scripts, 7, 17, 40–41 regional differentiation, 37–41 Semitic scripts, comparison, 25t southern, 36–37, 42, 144–45 Śuṅga period, 141–42 brass (as inscriptional material), 129 Bṛhaspati. *See* Jupiter bronze (as inscriptional material), 129, 160, 195 Brough, J., 78, 159 Buddha, 8, 120, 140, 240 as *avatāra*, 240 birthplace, 250 relics, 140 Buddha-Nirvāṇa era, 194 Buddhism, 8, 21, 46, 85, 241–42 Aśokan inscriptions, 133, 138, 139, 140, 241–42 canon formation, 11, 241–42 copper plate donations, 114 doctrinal developments and cultic practices, 242–43 Gāndhārī manuscripts, 78n.23 Pāli inscriptions, 80–81 royal patronage, 238–39 sectarian and monastic organizations, 241 Buddhist creed, 81, 123, 124, 130, 153, 154, 155 Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit, 81, 83, 85–86, 94 Buddhist inscriptions, 9, 11, 64, 80, 143–44, 257 Afghanistan, 153 *āyāgapaṭas*, 126 of Buddhist creed, 123, 153 Burma, 81, 123, 130, 154–55, 242 Cambodia, 81, 156 canonical texts, 122–23, 241–42 China, 123, 160 on clay, 130 donative, 118 images and statuary, 128 Indonesia, 123, 135, 159 Kharoṣṭhī, 47, 48 label, 120 Laos, 158 Malaysia, 158 Mathurā, 88 memorials, 119, 120 on metals, 129, 130 Nāgārjunakoṇḍa, 77 Nepal, 152 pilgrims' records, 121 on portable objects, 128 on pottery, 131 Sanskrit, 91, 94 seals and sealings, 124 Sinhalese, 105 Sino-Tibetan, 108–9 Sri Lanka, 81, 123, 135, 151 Śuṅga period, 141, 142 Thailand, 81, 155 Vietnam, 157 *See also* *stūpas* Buddhist Sanskrit, 94 Buddhist script lists, 8–9, 17, 50 Budhagupta (Gupta king), 145, 175