Early India and Pakistan to Ashoka c14.20

c14.20

¹⁰⁸ Vincent Smith, *Asoka* (Oxford, 1901); F. W. Thomas in *The Cambridge History of India* I (1922). For a reassessment of Ashoka’s dates, see P. H. L. Eggermont, *The Chronology of the Reign of Asoka Moriya* (Leiden, 1956). 109 E.g. new rock-edicts in the Thāna district (*I.A.* 1955–56, 29), more recently at Gujarrā near Jhānsī, and, above all, the newly discovered denunciation of hunting embodied both in Greek and in Aramaic on a rock at Kandahar: see G. Pugliese Carratelli and G. Levi Della Vida, ‘Un Editio Bilingue Greco-Aramaico di Asoka’, *Serie Orientale Roma* XXI (Rome, 1958); and D. Schlumberger, L. Robert, A. Dupont-Sommer, and E. Bannister, ‘Una bilingue gréco-araméenne d’Asoka’, *Journ. Asiatique*, 1958. 110 J. Marshall, *Taxila* (Cambridge, 1951), I, 20. 111 *A.I.* (1946), 33–4. The gems are there described as Ionian Greek, but I prefer to regard them as Achaemenian. 112 There is no evidence of fluting or faceting in India certainly earlier than the faceted column of Heliodorus at Besnagar in Central India, *c.* 140–130 B.C. or a little later. 113 E. Herzfeld, *Iran in the Ancient East* (Oxford, 1941), p. 321. 114 *A.I.* no. 4 (1948), 24. 115 Percy Brown, *Indian Architecture (Buddhist and Hindu)* (Bombay, 1942), p. 12, etc. 116 References by Wheeler and Piggott in *A.I.* no. 4 (1948), 95–103. 117 *I.A.* 1955–56, 22–23. 118 *Camb. Hist. of India* I (1922), p. 184; Vincent Smith, *Oxford Hist. of India*, 3rd ed. (1958), p. 73.