India as Known to Panini: A Study of the Cultural Material in the Ashtadhyayi c10.s3.t1.54

c10.s3.t1.54

*LITERATURE ON RECITATION*—Proper recitation of Vedic texts (*pārāyaṇa*, V.1.72) required methodical training. It involved mastery of the Pada and Krama texts as implied in Pāṇini's words *Padaka* and *Kramaka* to denote students devoted to such studies (IV.2.61). Pāṇini also refers to the Pada text of the *Ṛigveda* by Śākalya (I.1.16), and to a work known as *Ārgayana*, which was a commentary on the methods and details of the Pārāyaṇa of the Ṛigveda.