India as Known to Panini: A Study of the Cultural Material in the Ashtadhyayi c11.s3.10

c11.s3.10

Patañjali, however, states that the Śramaṇas and the Brāhmaṇas belonged to different religious groups whose opposition was of a permanent nature (*yeshāṁ cha virodhaḥ śāśvatikaḥ*, Pāṇini, II.4.9, *ityasyāvakāśaḥ*, *Śramaṇa-Brāhmaṇam*, *Bhāshya*, I.476 on *sūtra* II.4.12). It shows that Śramaṇa in grammatical literature referred to non-Brahmanical ascetics.