India as Known to Panini: A Study of the Cultural Material in the Ashtadhyayi c11.s3.13

c11.s3.13

The word *Arhat* was applied to a person worthy of reverence (*Arhaḥ praśaṁsāyām*, III.2.133). The state of being an *Arhat* was *ārhantya* (*arhato num cha*, *Gaṇa-sūtra*, V.1.24). Pāṇini refers to a class of ascetics called *yāyāvara* (III.2.176), According to the *Baudhāyana Dharmasūtra*, 'To be a *yāyāvara* means that one proceeds by the most excellent livelihood' (*vṛittyā varayā yāti*, III.1.4), and 'the word *śālīna* is used for them because they dwell in houses (*śālā*, III.1.3). Most probably it referred to those house-holders who like Janaka lived in their home although following the ascetic discipline. The *Śrautasūtra* of Baudhāyana adds that, even when itinerant, the Yāyāvara mendicants halted on the way and performed fire oblations (XXIV.31, तत्रोदाहरन्ति यायावरा ह वै नामर्षय आसंस्तेऽन्वन्यश्राम्यंस्ते समस्तमजुहवुः ).