India as Known to Panini: A Study of the Cultural Material in the Ashtadhyayi c14.20

c14.20

The position in the post Paninian period was as follows. (1) In the case of big *Janapadas*, the distinction between the word-forms for *Janapada* and *Vishaya* was lost, both being called Aṅgāḥ, Vaṅgāḥ, Suhmāḥ, Puṇḍrāḥ, etc. (2) In some Janapadas like Rājanya, the distinction was retained, as Rājanyaka denoted a *Vishaya* and Rājanyāḥ the *Janapada* of the Rājanya tribe. Similarly Vāsātaḥ, Vasātayaḥ, Gāndhāraḥ, Gāndhārayaḥ; Śaibaḥ, Śibiyaḥ. (3) Other smaller units were only *Vishayas* or estates, like Bailvavanaka, Ātmakāmeyaka, Bhaurikividha and Aishukāri-bhakta.