India as Known to Panini: A Study of the Cultural Material in the Ashtadhyayi c14: Appendix II. A Critical Text of the Geographical Gaṇas

India as Known to Pāṇini: A Study of the Cultural Material in the Ashṭādhyāyī c14

Language: English

Appendix II. A Critical Text of the Geographical Gaṇas

c14.2

The material of place-names in the *Ashṭādhyāyī* has been discussed above (pp. 34-74, 434-454). It is proposed to present here a critical text of the *Gaṇa-pāṭha* relating to place-names (*ante*, p. 72). A study of the comparative material of the *Gaṇas* in other grammatical systems shows beyond doubt that the basis of the Paṇinian *Gaṇa-pāṭha* is sound and that its text was adopted in the subsequent systems and preserved in so many recensions for about a thousand years with tolerable textual purity.

c14.3

The critical text of the geographical *Gaṇas* is here presented on the basis of the following material:

c14.4

¹ *Kāśikā*, Kashi edition of Balashastri, 1928.

c14.5

² *Chandra Vyākaraṇa* with its own *Vṛitti* which has preserved quite a substantial portion of the Paṇinian *Gaṇa-pāṭha* (c. 450 A.D.); available in the excellent edition by Dr. Liebich.

c14.6

³ *Jainendra Vyākaraṇa* of Pūjyapāda Devanandi (c. 550-600 A.D.), of which the *Gaṇa-pāṭha* is preserved in the *Mahāvṛitti* of Abhayanandi. A complete transcription from several manuscripts was made available by the Bharatiya Jñānapīṭha of Kashi.

c14.7

⁴ Jaina *Śākaṭāyana Vyākaraṇa* of Pālyakīrti, a contemporary of king Amoghavarsha (817-877); the commentary *Amoghavṛitti* of the author is a voluminous work so far unpublished, but was accessible to me in a Devanāgarī transcript based on a Kannaḍa palm-leaf Ms. by the courtesy of the Syādvāda Vidyālaya, Kashi.

c14.8

5. *Sarasvatīkaṇṭhābharaṇa* of Bhoja (c. 1018-1053 A.D.) [edited by T. R. Chintamaṇi, Madras University Skt. Series].
6. *Siddhahaimaśabdānuśāsana* of Hemachandra (1088-1172), with his own *Bṛihad-vṛitti* (c. 1130 A.D.).
7. *Gaṇaratnamahodadhi* of Vardhamāna (1140 A.D.) Critical editions of the above, except 7 by Eggeling, are wanting, and should in course of time be undertaken. It would then be possible to effect further improvements in the collated text.

c14.9

The statistical results of the reconstituted text are interesting:

c14.10

| 1. | Janapada Names | .. | 35 |
| 2. | Vishaya Names | .. | 43 |
| 3. | Saṅgha Names | .. | 33 |
| | Total | .. | 111 |

c14.11

| 4. | Towns and Villages | *Constituted Text* | *Böhtlingk's edition* |
| *(a)* *(i)* | 6 Chāturarthika *gaṇas* | 109 | 189 |
| *(ii)* | 17 Chāturarthika *gaṇas* in *sūtra* IV.2.80 | 228 | 430 |
| *(b)* | 6 Śaishika *gaṇas* | 123 | 194 |
| *(c)* | Abhijana place-names, 2 *gaṇas* | 21 | 23 |
| *(d)* | Prastha-ending names, 2 *gaṇas* | 16 | 16 |
| *(e)* | Kanthā-ending names, 1 *gaṇa* | 7 | 7 |
| | Total | 504 | 859 |

c14.12

The total number of place-names in the 17 *gaṇas* of *sūtra* IV.2.80 as listed in Böhtlingk's edition of the *Ashṭādhyāyī* (Leipzig, 1887),¹ and generally in the printed editions of the *Kāśikā* is 430, which in the reconstituted text is reduced to.

c14.13

¹ The text of the *Gaṇa-pāṭha* as printed in the *Word-Index to Pāṇini-Sūtra-Pāṭha and Pariśishṭas*, by Pathak and Chitrao (Bhandarkar Oriental Institute, Poona, 1935), closely follows that of Böhtlingk.

c14.14

228. We had in arriving at our text tabulated in parallel columns the names as found in the six grammatical systems under purview and also the *Gaṇaratnamahodadhi*; the unauthentic or spurious words as well as the later accretions themselves sprang into relief and were eliminated and relegated to footnote, as Variants and Additions. It is now proposed to subject the entire *Gaṇa-pāṭha* to a similar critical collation and present the results in a separate volume with requisite details, including the equally important material of the Gotra lists which have been left over from the present study.

c14.15

The number of names in the 34 *gaṇas* under Chāturarthika, Śaishika and Abhijana suffixes and Prastha-and Kanthā-ending names is 504 in the collated text as against 859 of the *Gaṇa-pāṭha* printed in Böhtlingk's edition, or what may be called the Vulgate text of the *Gaṇa-pāṭha*.

c14.16

The general soundness of the collated text can be demonstrated by the fact that the number 500 is just what has been mentioned by the Greek writers as the number of cities between the Jhelum and the Beas (*ante*, p. 73), or the Vāhīka region of Pāṇini. A city is defined as a town with a population of 10,000 and over. In the limited area between the upper courses of the Jhelum, the Chenab and the Ravi there were as many as thirty-seven cities, with a minimum population of 5,000 inhabitants, while many contained upwards of 10,000. Megasthenes wrote about the cities of Mauryan India that their 'number is so great that it cannot be stated with precision' (M'Crindle, *Megasthenes and Arrian*, p. 209). The significance of these figures may be better understood if we remember that in the undivided India of 1941 there were only 57 cities, the number increasing to 75 in 1951. On the other hand in France 455 towns, besides Paris, have more than 9,000 inhabitants.

c14.17

The printed editions of the *Gaṇa-pāṭha* led to the statement (*ante*, p. 74) that the two *gaṇas*, *Saṅkalādi* (IV.2.75), *Arihaṇādi*, *etc.*, (IV.2.80) alone give about 500 names. The correct figure in the collated text of these two *sūtras* is only 260. However, the grand figure of 500 recorded by the Greek geographers of Alexander's campaign now finds solid support from the *Ashṭādhyāyī* presenting us with an exhaustive list of the important towns and villages of north-west India. The agreement between these two figures shows the perfection of Pāṇini's method in surveying his linguistic data. The great teacher, in the words of Yuan Chwang, wandered about asking for knowledge and collected a multitude of words. During the course of his fact-finding mission he seems to have omitted nothing of value, and also evolved a simple and clear scheme of classification by which this vast and complex material of geographical names was reduced to order and made an integral part of his grammar.

c14.18

There now remains the task of identifying the mass of these names. The names of castes and sub-castes and family surnames in the Panjab offer an attractive field, since they are mostly derived from names of places which were once their home-towns (*nivāsa* and *abhijana*). The human and linguistic material of Pāṇini's time cannot have totally disappeared; its survival in a changed form is the only natural process of evolution. For example, Saharāliye, a sub-caste of the Agrawala community in the Panjab, trace their original seat to Saharālā in Ludhiana Dist., and these may be connected with Pāṇini's Sarālaka (Takshaśilādi, IV.3.93) and its derivative Sārālaka. Similarly Batrā, a sub-caste of the Khattris, points to Vātraka (Rājanyādi, IV.2.53); Chope, a sub-caste of the Aroras, to Chaupayata (Bhaurikyādi, IV.2.54); Balūje, amongst the Aroras, to Vālijyaka (IV.2.54), etc. Archaeological survey and digging may also help to some extent, since geographical places of antiquity often survive as so many sites.

c14.19

The *sūtra Vishayo deśe* (IV.2.52) calls for comment. What was the exact significance of *Vishaya*? Jainendra, Śākaṭāyana and Hemachandra take it as *rāshtra*, and Vardhamāna as *Janapada*, which is the same thing. The *Kāśikā* takes it as *grāma-samudāya*. Kātyāyana and Patañjali interpret *Vishaya* as being identical with *Janapada* in some cases, but their comments give the impression that even such geographical units as were not a *Janapada* were called *Vishaya*. For Pāṇini, if *vishaya* and *janapada* were identical, he would not treat of the former under a separate heading (IV.2.52-54). The truth seems to be that *Vishaya* denoted sphere of influence', 'lands', 'possessions', and as such was distinct from *nivāsa* or the actual settlement of the people whose possession it was. A *Vishaya* included both a bigger unit having the status of a *Janapada*, or a smaller area which was but an estate. In the words of the Rājanyādi *gaṇa*, *Vishaya* denoted *Janapadas*, while in those of the Bhauriki and Aishukāri *gaṇas* (IV.2.54) it was the landed property, their share of estate, *ṭhikānā* or *zamindārī* which was the source of their livelihood. The suffixes *vidhal* and *bhaktal* (i.e. *vidha* and *bhakta*) denoted food, division, share, property. *Vidhā* (food) seems to be derived from *vidha* having such a meaning, and *bhakta* is well-known as denoting 'source of livelihood or maintenance.' The villages (*grāma-samudāya*) which were the *zamindārī* of the Bhaurikis were called Bhauriki-vidha, and similarly Aishukāri-bhakta without any reference to the polity that prevailed there.

c14.20

The position in the post Paninian period was as follows. (1) In the case of big *Janapadas*, the distinction between the word-forms for *Janapada* and *Vishaya* was lost, both being called Aṅgāḥ, Vaṅgāḥ, Suhmāḥ, Puṇḍrāḥ, etc. (2) In some Janapadas like Rājanya, the distinction was retained, as Rājanyaka denoted a *Vishaya* and Rājanyāḥ the *Janapada* of the Rājanya tribe. Similarly Vāsātaḥ, Vasātayaḥ, Gāndhāraḥ, Gāndhārayaḥ; Śaibaḥ, Śibiyaḥ. (3) Other smaller units were only *Vishayas* or estates, like Bailvavanaka, Ātmakāmeyaka, Bhaurikividha and Aishukāri-bhakta.

c14.21

MATERIAL

c14.22

I जनपद—कच्छादि (शैषिक)। भर्गादि। सिन्ध्वादि (अभिजन)। II विषय—ऐषुकार्यादि। भौरिक्यादि। राजन्यादि। III संघ—दामन्यादि। पर्श्वादि। यौधेयादि। IV देशवाची (ग्राम, नगर)—
(a) चातुरर्थिक—अरीहणादि। अश्मादि। उत्करादि। ऋश्यादि। कर्शादि। काशादि। कुमुदादि। कुमुदादि। कृशाश्वादि। तृणादि। नडादि। पक्षादि। प्रगदिन्। प्रेक्षादि। बलादि। मध्वादि। वरणादि। वराहादि। सख्यादि। संकलादि। संकाशादि। सुतंगमादि। सुवास्त्वादि।
(b) शैषिक—कथ्यादि। काश्यादि। गहादि। धूमादि। नयादि। पलद्यादि।
(c) अभिजन—शण्डिकादि। तक्षशिलादि।
(d) प्रस्थान्त—कच्च्यादि। मालादि।
(e) कन्थाऽन्त—चिहणादि।
(f) गिरि, वन, नदी—किशूलकादि। कोटररादि। अजिरादि। शरादि।

I. Janapada Names

c14.s1.1

(१) कच्छादि (४।२।१३३)

c14.s1.2

(शैषिक अण्। काच्छः)

c14.s1.3

१ कच्छ, २ सिन्धु, ३ वर्णु, ४ गन्धार, ५ मधुमत्, ६ कम्बोज, ७ कश्मीर, ८ साल्व, ९ कुरु, १० रंकु, ११ अनुषंड, १२ द्वीप, १३ अनूप, १४ अजवाह, १५ विजापक, १६ कुलूत।

c14.s1.4

(1) Kachchhādi. Ref.—K(āśikā) IV.2.133; Ch(andra) III.2.48; J(ainendra) III.2.112; Ś(ākaṭāyana) III.1.46; Bh(oja) IV.3.71; H(emachandra) VI.3.55; V(ardhamāna) 327; P(atañjali).

c14.s1.5

Var(iants)—4 Gandhārī (Bh.); 5 Madhura, Madhurāt (J.); 8 Śālva (Ch.); 11 Aṇukhaṇḍa (K.), a misreading, since K. reads Anushaṇḍa IV. 2.100; also Anūshaṇḍa (H); 14 Ajapāda (Ch.), Ajāvaha (J.); 15 Virūpaka (Ch.), Vijñāpaka (J.), Bijāvaka (Bh.); 16 Kulūna (K.), Kulla (Ch.), Kalūtara (Ś.), Kulūka (Bh.), also Kula, Kulva (V.). In J. Kamboja, Kaśmīra, Śālva missing. Sindhv-anta names (as Para-Sindhu, Sthala-Sindhu, Saktu-Sindhu) in Bh. and V. (cf. K. VII.3.19), missing in K. Ch. Ś. but found in Bh. H. V. Also Yaudheya, Sasthāla (H.). P. authenticates in this the reading of Kuru (IV.2.130), Rāṅku (IV.2.100).

c14.s1.6

(२) भर्गादि (४।१।१७८)

c14.s1.7

१ भर्ग, २ करूष, ३ केकय, ४ कश्मीर, ५ साल्व, ६ सुस्थाल, ७ उरस, ८ कौरव्य।

c14.s1.8

(३) सिन्ध्वादि (४।३।९३)

c14.s1.9

[सोऽस्याभिजनः, अण् । सैन्धवः]

c14.s1.10

१ सिन्धु, २ वर्णु, ३ मधुमत्, ४ कम्बोज, ५ साल्व, ६ कश्मीर, ७ गन्धार, ८ किष्किन्धा, ९ उरस, १० दरद्, ११ गब्दिका।

II. Vishaya

c14.s2.1

(४) ऐषूकारि गण (४।२।५४)

c14.s2.2

[विषयो देशे, ऐषूकारि भक्तः]

c14.s2.3

१ ऐषूकारि, २ सारस्यायन, ३ चान्द्रायण, ४ द्वचाक्षायण, ५ त्र्याक्षायण, ६ औलायन, ७ खाडायन, ८ सौवीर, ६ दासमित्रायण, १० शौद्रायण, ११ दाक्षायण,

c14.s2.4

(2) Bhargādi—K. IV.1.178; Ch. II.4.106; J. III.1.158; Ś. II.4.107; Bh. IV.1.179; H. VI.1.123; V. 202.

c14.s2.5

Var.—2 Karūsa (J.), also Karūśa (H.); Śālva (Ch. V.), Selvā (J.); 7 Urasa (Ś. H.). V. adds Bharata, Uśīnara.

c14.s2.6

(3) Sindhvādi—K. IV.3.93; Ch. III.3.61; J. III.3.67; Ś. III.1.201; Bh. IV.3.212; H. VI.3.276; V. 351-52.

c14.s2.7

Var.—2 Varṇa (J.); Salva (J. H.), Śālva (Ch. Ś. V.); 7 Gāndhāri (Bh.); 8 Kishkindha (J. H.), 9. Urasā (Ś. Bh. V.), Uras (H.); 11 Gandika (Ch.), Gandikā (Ś), Gabdika (J. H.). Ch. reads Takshaśilādi also in this. J. adds Pañchāla, Kaimedura, Kāṇḍakāra, Grāmaṇī; H. Grāmaṇī, Kāṇḍavaraka, Kulūja; and K. Kuluna, Dīrasā, but all are spurious to this Gaṇa.

c14.s2.8

(4) Aishukāri Gaṇa—K. IV.2.54; Ch. III.1.63; J. III.2.47; Ś. II.4.189; Bh. IV.2.89-91; H. VI.2.68; V. 268-69.

c14.s2.9

Var.—2 Sārasāyana (J. H.); 4 also Dvyakshāyaṇa (H.); 5 also Tryakshāyaṇa (H.); 6 Aulāyana (Ś. H.), Alāyana (J.); 7. Tāḍāyata (J.), Khāḍāyana (H. also V.), Khāṇḍāyana (Bh.) 9. K. Ch. Ś. H. V. also read Dāsamitri (Ch. Dāsamitra) 10. Śaudrāṇa (K.), Śaudrakāyaṇa (Ś. H. V.); 11. only in K. Ch. V, and hence doubtful; 12 Śāyāṇḍa (Ch.), Tapanda (J.), with additional variants as Sāyaṇḍi (K.) Sāpiṇḍī (J.), Śayāṇḍa (Bh.), Śāyaṇḍāyana (V.), Śāyāṇḍa and Śāṇḍa (H.); 13. omitted in Ch. J. Bh.; 14. Saubhadrāyaṇa (Ch.) but H. cites Śaubhrāyaṇa-bhakta of Ch., J. Ś. omit it, Śāyābhra (Bh.); 15. Vaiśvamānava (Bh. also V.); 16. Ch. J. H. omit; 17. Vaiśvadheva (J.), also Viśadeva (K.); 18. Ch. omits. H. adds flimsy variants as Gaulukāyana, Mālukāyana, and K. as Alāyata, Aulālāyatā, all to be rejected.

c14.s2.10

*Vishayo deśe* of Pāṇini denoted an estate of a tribe or clan; but *grāma-* १२ शयंड, १३ ताक्ष्र्यायण, १४ शौभ्रायण, १५ वैश्वमाणव, १६ वैश्वधेनव, १७ वैश्वदेव, १८ तंडदेव।

c14.s2.11

(५) भौरिकि गण (४।२।५४)

c14.s2.12

[विषयो देशे, भौरिकिविधः]

c14.s2.13

१ भौरिकि, २ भौलिकि, ३ चैतयत, ४ काणेय, ५ वाणिजक, ६ वालिज्यक, ७ सैकयत, ८ चैकयत, ६ चौपयत ।

c14.s2.14

(६) राजन्यादि (४।२।५३)

c14.s2.15

[विषयो देशे वुञ्, राजन्यकम्]

c14.s2.16

१ राजन्य, २ दैवयातव, ३ शालंकायन, ४ जालंधरायण, ५ आत्मकमेय, ६ अम्बरीषपुत्र, ७ वसाति, ८ बैल्ववन, ६ शैलूष, १० उदुम्बर, ११ आर्जुनायन, १२ संप्रिय, १३ दाक्षि, १४ ऊर्णनाभ, १५ आप्रीत, १६ तैतिल।

c14.s2.17

*samudāya* according to K., which J. and H. take as equivalent to *rāshṭra*, and V. as *Janapada*.

c14.s2.18

(5) Bhaurikyādi—K. IV.2.54; Ch. III.1.63; J. III.2.47; Ś. II.4.189; Bh. IV.2.88; H. VI.2.68; V.267.

c14.s2.19

Var.—3 Chodayata (Ś.); 5 Vāṇejaka (J.), Ch. Ś omit; 6 Vālikājya (Ś. V.), Vālikādya (H.); 7 Śaikayata (K., also Ch.); 8 Vaikayata (K.), Vaiyat (J.); 9 K. omits, Chaupagata (J.); Ś. omits 5, and adds Vaidayata, Kshaitayata (also H. V.).

c14.s2.20

(6) Rājanyādi—K. IV.2.53; Ch. III.1.62; J. III.2.46; Ś. II.4.190; Bh. IV.2.86-87; H. VI.2.66; V. 265-6.

c14.s2.21

Var.—2 Devayāna (K. Bh.), also Devayāta (H.), Devayātava (V.); 4 Jālandhara (Ś.), also Jānandharāyaṇa (H.); 6 Ambarīputra (Ś.), also Ambarī-Āmbarī-(H.); 7 Vātsaka (J.), H. omits; 8 Bailvata (Ch.), omitted in, J. Ś; 9 omitted in J. Ś., Śailūshaja (H.), Śailūshaka (V.); 10 also Audumbara (H.), J. omits; 11 Ś omits; 12 Sāmpriya (Bh.); 13 Dākshāyaṇa (V.); 14 also Ūrṇanābhi (H.); 15 Āprīta is undoubtedly the correct reading (=Afrīdis), but Ch. omits, and others record incorrectly, Āvrati (J.), Āvrita (Ś.), Anrita (Bh. V.), Āvṛita and Āvṛitaka (H.); 16 Some original form of Vaitila (K. Bh.), Taitala (Ś. H.), Tailvala (V.), Bailvala (K.), which seems to have been Taitila, Add. Avriḍa, Vātraka (K.); Vātrava Kāntāla, Bābhravya, Vaiśvadhenava, Vaiśvamāṇava, Vaiśvadeva, Tuṇḍadeva (Ś., last four contaminated from Aishukāri *gaṇa*); Vaikarṇa Vasana, Bābhravya, Mālava, Trigarta, Vairāṭi (Bh.); Vātrava, Bābhravya, Kauntāla, Virāṭa, Mālava, Trigarta (H.); Traigarta, Vasana, Kauttāla (V.). Some original form like Vātraka seems to have been included. P. authenticates 2 (*Daivayātava-grahaṇaṁ vaishayikeshu*, IV.2.92; II.291) and 5, 6, 7, 8 (IV.1.52; II.282). The group of Mālava, Trigarta, Virāṭa was taken from Chāndravṛitti by Bh. and H.

III. Saṅghas

c14.s3.1

(७) दामन्यादि (५।३।११६)

c14.s3.2

[आयुधजीविसंघात् स्वार्थे छः, दामनीयः]

c14.s3.3

१ दामनि, २ औलपि, ३ काकदन्ति, ४ अच्युतंति, ५ शत्रंतपि, ६ सार्वसेनि, ७ वैन्दवि, ८ मौजायत, ९ तुलभ, १० सावित्रीपुत्र, ११ बैजवापि, १२ औदकि।

c14.s3.4

(८) पर्श्वादि (५।३।११७)

c14.s3.5

[आयुधजीविसंघात्स्वार्थे अण्, पार्शवः]

c14.s3.6

१ पर्शु, २ असुर, ३ रक्षस्, ४ बाल्हीक, ५ वयस्, ६ मरुत्, ७ दशार्ह, ८ पिशाच, ९ अशनि, १० कार्षापण, ११ सत्वत्, १२ वसु।

c14.s3.7

(९) यौधेयादि (४।१।१७८)

c14.s3.8

१ यौधेय, २ शौभ्रेय, ३ शौकेय, ४ ज्याबाणेय, ५ वार्तेय, ६ धार्तेय, ७ त्रिगर्ता, ८ भरत, ६ उशीनर।

IV. Place-Names

(a) Chāturarthika

c14.s4.t1.1

(१०) अरीहणादि (४।२।८०।१)

c14.s4.t1.2

[चातुरथिक वुञ्। आरीहणकम्]

c14.s4.t1.3

१ अरीहण, २ द्रुघण, ३ खदिर, ४ भगल, ५ उलन्द, ६ साम्परायण, ७ कौष्ट्रायण, ८ भास्त्रायण, ९ मैत्रायण, १० त्रैगर्तायन, ११ रायस्पोष, १२ विपथ, १३ उद्दण्ड, १४ उदंचन, १५ खाडायन, १६ खंडवीररण, १७ काशकृत्स्न, १८ जाम्बवत्, १९ शिंशपा, २० किरण, २१ रैवत, २२ बिल्व, २३ वैमतायन, २४ सौसायन, २५ शांडिल्यायन, २६ शिरीष, २७ बधिर, २८ विपाश, २९ सुयज्ञ, ३० जम्बू, ३१ सुशर्म ।

c14.s4.t1.4

¹ (7) Dāmanyādi—K. V.3.116; Ch. IV.3.92; J. IV.2.5; Ś. III.4.145; Bh. V.3.151-52; H. VII.3.67; V.192. Var.—2 also Aupali (H.); 3 Kākandaki (Ch. B. H.), Kākandi (Ś. H.), Kākadantaki also (V.), 5 Śātruṁtapi (Ś. V.), Śākuntaki (Ch. J. Ś. Bh. V.); 7 Bindu (K. Ch. J. H. V.); 8 Mauñjyāyani (Bh.); 11 Devavāpi (K.); 12 Audaṅki (Ś. Bh. V.), Autaki (K.). Ākidanti, Kākaranti, Ulabha, Kokatanti, Apachyutaki, Karkī, Piṇḍī are spurious readings in K.; similarly Audameghi, Aupabindi, Kakundi, Kakundaki in H.; Auḍavi in Bh. V.; Āvidanti in V. J. and Ś. include the Trigarta-Shashṭhas also in this Gaṇa.
(8) Parśvādi—K. V.3.117; Ch. IV.3.93; J. IV.2.6; Ś. III.4.145; Bh. V.3.153; V. 197. Var.—4 Balhīka (V.); 10 Karshāpaṇa (V.); 11 Satvantu (Ch.). J. includes Yaudheyādi also under Parśvādi.
(9) Yaudheyādi—K. IV.1.178; Ch. IV.3.93; J. IV.2.6 and III.1.158; Ś. III.4.145; Bh. V.3.154; H. VII.3.65 and also in Bhargādi VI.1.123; V. missing. Var.—3 Śaukneya (K.), Saukreya (J. III.1.158 com., missing in IV.2.6); 4 Grāvāṇeya (K. undoubtedly a corrupt reading), Jyāvāneya (Bh. H.) 5 Ghārteya (Ś. H. Bh.; Bh. also correctly Vārteya). Bh. reads 7-9 in Parśvādi, and H. in Bhargādi VI.1.123.
(10) Arīhaṇādi—K. IV.2.80; Ch. III.1.68 (first two words only); J. III.2.60; Ś. II.4.202; Bh. IV.2.110-11; H. VI.2.83; V. 286-89.

c14.s4.t1.5

(११) अश्मादि (४।२।८०१८)

c14.s4.t1.6

[चातुरर्थिक रः । अश्मरः]

c14.s4.t1.7

१ अश्मन् २ यूष, ३ ऊष, ४ मीन, ५ दर्भ, ६ वृन्द, ७ गुड, ८ खंड, ६ नग, १० शिखा ।

c14.s4.t1.8

(१२) उत्करादि (४।२।९०)

c14.s4.t1.9

[चातुरर्थिक छः। उत्करीयम्]

c14.s4.t1.10

१उत्कर, २ शफर, ३ पिप्पल, ४ अश्मन्, ५ अर्क, ६ पर्ण, ७ खलाजिन, ८ अग्नि, ६ तिक, १० कितव, ११ आतप ।

c14.s4.t1.11

Var.—1 Arihaṇa (Bh.); 2 also Druvaṇa (Ch.), Dughaṇa (Ś.), Druhaṇa (Bh. H. V.); 3 Kharadi (Ś.); 4 H. V. Ś. add Bhalandana; 5 Ulunda (J. Ś. H.); 6 Sāmparāyaṇa (J.), Ś. omits, Khāvurāyaṇa and Khāpurāyaṇa (H.); 7 Kraushṭāyana (J.), Koshṭāyana (Ś.), Kaushṭāyana (H., also Kaudrāyaṇa), Aushṭrāyaṇa (Bh., also V.); 8 J. omits, but P. treats it as an authentic reading (*Bhāstrāyaṇa-grahaṇaṃ naivāsikeṣhu*, IV.2.92; II.291); 9 Chaitrāyaṇa (J.), Ś. omits, Śvitrāyaṇi (H.), also Śvaitrāyaṇaka (V.); 11 Rāyasphosha (J. Ś.); 15 Khāṇḍāyana (J.) Khāburāyaṇa (Ś.), Khānurāyaṇa (H.); 16 Khaṇḍa Vīraṇa as two words (K.) Khaṇṭu Dhīraṇa (Ś.), Rakaṇḍu, Khaṇḍū and Vīraṇa separately (H.), Khaṇḍu, Vīraṇa and Khāṇḍavīraṇa (V.), possibly these two were separate names; 17 Kaśakṛtsna (H.V.), Ś omits; 18 Aumbavati (Ś. an obvious corrupt reading); 19 Ś. (Kanarese transcript) omits; 22 Bailvaka (K., the form by adding suffix), Ś omits, Bilva (Bh. H. V.), Tailva J. 23 also Maimatāyana, Gomatāyana (K.), Dhaumatāyana (Ś. V.), also Gaumatāyana (V.); 24 Saumāyana (J. H.), also Sauśayana (H.), Ś Bh. omit, cf. Sauśuka a Vāhīka town in P. (IV.2.104); 25 Ś. omits; 26 J. Ś. H. omit, may be doubtful; 27 J. omits, Badira (Ś.); 28 Vipārśva (Ś.); 30 J. Ś. omit, Jambu (K.); 31 J. Ś. omit.

c14.s4.t1.12

Add. Visāya, Vāyasa (J.); Yajñdatta, Raudrāyaṇa (Ś.); Yajñadatta, Samburāyaṇa, Sāmbarāyaṇa (H.); Yajñadatta, Kanala, Dalatri, Kaudrāyaṇa (V.).

c14.s4.t1.13

(11) Aśmādi—K. IV.2.80; J. III.2.60; Ś. II.4.202; Bh. IV.2.120; H. VI.2.78; V. 271.

c14.s4.t1.14

Var.—2 also Yūsha (K. Ś. Bh. H.); 3 Rūsha (K.), Ūtha (J.); 6 Vṛindā (J.); 7 Guḍā (J.), Guhā (Ś. H.), V. adds Gahva and Guhā; Kāṇḍa (Ś. also V.), Kaṇḍa (H.) K. adds Rusha, Nada, Nakha, Kāṭa, Pāma, all uncertain.

c14.s4.t1.15

(12) Utkarādi—K. IV.2.90; Ch. III.1.68 (only first two words); J. III.2.71; Bh. IV.2.134-36; H. VI.2.91; V.301-3.

c14.s4.t1.16

(१३) ऋश्यादि (४।२।८०।३)

c14.s4.t1.17

[चातुरर्थिक कः। ऋश्यकः]

c14.s4.t1.18

१ ऋश्य, २ न्यग्रोध, ३ शर, ४ निलीन, ५ निवास, ६ विनद्ध (?), ७ परिगूढ, ८ उपगूढ, ९ उत्तराश्मन्, १० स्थूलबाहु, ११ खदिर, १२ शर्करा, १३ अनडुह, १४ परिवेष, १५ वेणु, १६ वीरण।

c14.s4.t1.19

(१४) कर्णादि (४।२।८०।१३)

c14.s4.t1.20

(चातुरर्थिक फिञ् । कार्णायनिः)

c14.s4.t1.21

१ कर्ण, २ वसिष्ठ, ३ अर्कलूष, ४ द्रुपद, ५ आनडुह्य, ६ पांचजन्य, ७ कुलिश ८ कुम्भ, ९ जीवन्त, १० जित्वन्, ११ आण्डीवत्, १२ स्फिक्।

c14.s4.t1.22

(१६) काशादि (४।२।८०।५)

c14.s4.t1.23

(चातुरर्थिक इलः । काशिलः)

c14.s4.t1.24

१ काश, २ वाश, ३ अश्वत्थ, ४ पलाश, ५ पीयूष, ६ बिस, ७ तृण, ८ कर्दम, ९ कर्पूर, १० कंटक, ११ गुहा, १२ नड, १३ वन, १४ बर्कूल।

c14.s4.t1.25

Var.—J. gives only 13 words, as against 43 of K. which may be an inflated version. Bh. H. V. of course follow K. A critical edition of K. can alone throw further light on the original text of this *gaṇa*.

c14.s4.t1.26

(13) Ṛiśyādi—K. IV.2.80.3; J. III.2.60; Ś. II.4.202; Bh. VI.2.114-15; H. VI.2.94; V. 293.

c14.s4.t1.27

Var.—3 Śirā (K.); 4 mentioned in P. (IV.2.104; II.294); 5 Nivāsa, Nidhāna, Nivāta in K. point to one original; 6 Nivaddha (K. J.), Nibandha (Bh. H. V.), Vivaddha (K. J.), all derived from one original; 10 Sthūla and Bāhu (V.), H. reads as one word and also separately, also Sthūlavāha (J.). The list closed with Vīraṇa in J.; Ś. also Khaṇḍu; K. Bh. H. V. add Kardama, Parivṛitta, Aṁśa; others Araḍu (Araṭu), Aśani, which group is doubtful.

c14.s4.t1.28

(15) Karṇādi—K. IV.2.80; J. III.2.60; Ś. IV.2.202; Bh. IV.2.129; H. VI.2.90; V.291.

c14.s4.t1.29

Var.—2 Vaśishṭha (J. V.); 3 Arkalūsha was one name as read in the Bīdādi *gaṇa* in K. and other systems as J. Ś. H., wrongly split here, but Bh. H. V. read both separately and as one word; 4 Drupadā (K.), Bh. omits; 5 Anaḍuhya (K.), Ānuduḥya (Ś.); 8 Kumbhī (K. V., the latter also Kumbha, Kuntī); 9 Jīvantī (K.); K. adds Jñāvat; Ś. Bh. H. V. add Ākani, Ānaka, Ākanī, Ākana; Ś. H. V. Jaitra.

c14.s4.t1.30

(16) Kāśādi—K. IV.2.80; J. III.2.60; Ś. II.4.202; Bh. IV.2.117; VI.2.82; V.296-7.

c14.s4.t1.31

Var.—2 Vāsa (J. Ś. Bh. V.), Pāśa (Bh. H. V.); Pīyūkshā (Ś. H.), Ś. omits; 8 Kārdama (J.); 10 Karkaṭa (J.); 11 Gūha (K.); 12 Naḍa (Ś.), Nala (H.); 14 Vadhūla (K.), Varghūla (J.), Bandhūla (Bh.), Vartūla (H.), Vachchhūla (V.).

c14.s4.t1.32

Add. Śākaṭika (J.), Śīpāla (Ś. H. V.), Kapittha (Ś. H. V.), Madhura, Jatu (V.).

c14.s4.t1.33

(१७) कुमुदादि (४।२।८०।४)

c14.s4.t1.34

[चातुरर्थिक ठच्। कुमुदिकम्।]

c14.s4.t1.35

१ कुमुद, २ शर्करा, ३ न्यग्रोध, ४ इक्कट, ५ गर्त, ६ बीज, ७ अश्वत्थ, ८ बल्वज, ६ परिवाप, १० शिरीष, ११ यवास, १२ कूप, १३ विकंकत।

c14.s4.t1.36

(१८) कुमुदादि (४।२।८०।१७)

c14.s4.t1.37

[चातुरर्थिक ठक्। कौमुदिकम्]

c14.s4.t1.38

१ कुमुद, २ गोमठ, ३ रथकार, ४ दशग्राम, ५ अश्वत्थ, ६ शाल्मली, ७ मुनिस्थल, ८ कूट, ६ मुचुकर्ण।

c14.s4.t1.39

(१९) कृशाश्वादि (४।२।८०।२)

c14.s4.t1.40

[चातुरर्थिक छण्। कार्शाश्वीयः]

c14.s4.t1.41

१ कृशाश्व, २ अरिष्ट, ३ वेश्मन् ४ विशाल, ५ रोमक, ६ शबल, ७ कूट, ८ बर्बर, ६ सूकर, १० प्रतर, ११ सदृश, १२ पुरग, १३ सुख, १४ धूम, १५ अजिन, १६ विनत, १७ विकुघास, १८ अरुस्, १६ अयस्, २० मौद्गल्य।

c14.s4.t1.42

(17) Kumudādi—K. IV.2.80; J. III.2.60; Ś. II.4.202; Bh. IV.2.116; H. VI.2.96; V.294-95.

c14.s4.t1.43

Var.—2 Śarkkara (J.), Ś omits; 4 Itkaṭa, Utkaṭa (K.) also Utkaṭa (Bh.); 6 Ś omits; 7 Bilvaja (Ś.); 9 Parivāsa (Ś.); 10 Ś. omits; 11 Yavāsha (K. H.), 13 Vikanta (Ś.).

c14.s4.t1.44

(18) Kumudādi—K. IV.2.80; J. III.2.60; Ś. II.4.202; Bh. IV.2.133; H. VI.2.97; V.285.

c14.s4.t1.45

Var.—2 Gomatha (K. J.), Gomada (Ś.), but Gomaṭha (Bh. H. V.) is also authenticated by Ch. (III.1.68); 4 Dāśagrāma (Ś. H.); 8 Kuṭa (H.), Kumuṭa (Bh.); 9 J. Bh. V. Ch. omit, Muchakūrṇi (Ś. also H.); K. adds Kunda, Madhukarṇa, Śuchikarṇa, Śirīsha.

c14.s4.t1.46

(19) Kṛiśāśvādi—K. IV.2.80.2; J. III.2.60; Ś. II.4.202; Bh. IV.2.112-13; H. VI.2.93; V. 290-91.

c14.s4.t1.47

Var.—3 Vaiśya (Ś.), Veshya (H.), also Vepya (J.), all corrupt readings; 5 also Lomaka (J. Ś. H. V.); 6 Śavala (J. H.), Kabala (Ś.), also Śivala (H.), also Suvarchala (Bh. H. V.), all corrupt readings; 7 J. omits, Kuṭa (Bh.); 8 Varvara (K.), Barbala (Ś.), Bh. H. omit; 9 Śūkara (H.), also Sukara (K.), Dūraka (Ś.), Pūgara, Dhūkara, Pūkara (H., who often gives the most inflated version); 10 Pūtara (J. also V.), also Pūkara (V.), Pūraka, Pūraga (Ś.); 11 Sudṛiśa (Bh.), also Saṁdṛiśa (H.); 12 Puragā (Bh. Ś. H.), J. omits, also Pūgara, Purāra (V.); 14 Dhūmra (Ś. also H.); 15 also Ajinata (V.); 16 Vinatā (v. l. Vanitā, K.), Vinīta (H.), K. Bh. H. V. also give Avanata, but J. Ś. omit, which shows that originally there was only one word, 17 J. omits 17 to 20, Vikūtyā (Ś.), Vikudyāsa (Bh.), Vikuchyā, Vikutyāṅkuśa (H.), Vikutyāsa (V.); 18 also Iras (Ś.), Uras (Bh.), Iras, Uras, Arushya (H.); 19 Avayāsa (J.), Aya (Bh.), also Sāyas (H.), 20 Modgalaya (Ś.), also Mudgala (H.). V. adds Parāśara, Āsāyas, Dāsī, Satula, Veshya, Iras, Aras, Dhukera, Asura, Abhijana, all spurious variants. Ś adds Abhijana.

c14.s4.t1.48

(२०) तृणादि (४।२।८०।६)

c14.s4.t1.49

[चातुरर्थिक स। तृणसा]

c14.s4.t1.50

१ तृण, २ नड, ३ बुस, ४ पर्ण, ५ वर्ण, ६ वरण, ७ अर्जुन, ८ बिल।

c14.s4.t1.51

(२१) नडादि (४।२।९१)

c14.s4.t1.52

[चातुरर्थिक छः कुक्च। नडकीयम्]

c14.s4.t1.53

१ नड, २ प्लक्ष, ३ बिल्व, ४ वेणु, ५ वेत्र, ६ वेतस, ७ तृण, ८ इक्षु, ९ काष्ठ, १० कपोत, ११ क्रुंचा, १२ तक्षन्।

c14.s4.t1.54

(२२) पक्षादि (४।२।८०।१२)

c14.s4.t1.55

[चातुरर्थिक फक्। पाक्षायणः]

c14.s4.t1.56

१ पक्ष, २ तुष, ३ अंडक, ४ कम्बलिक, ५ चित्र, ६ अतिश्वन्, ७ पन्थ, ८ कुम्भ, ९ सीरक, १० सरक, ११ सरस, १२ समल, १३ रोमन्, १४ लोमन्, १५ हंसक, १६ लोमक, १७ सकर्णक, १८ हस्तिन्, १९ बल, २० यमल।

c14.s4.t1.57

(२३) प्रगदिन् आदि (४।२।८०।१५)

c14.s4.t1.58

[चातुरर्थिक ञ्यः। प्रागद्यम्]

c14.s4.t1.59

१ प्रगदिन्, २ मगदिन्, ३ कलिव, ४ खडिव, ५ गंडिव, ६ चूडार, ७ मार्जार, ८ कोविदार।

c14.s4.t1.60

(20) Tṛṇādi—K. IV.2.80; J. III.2.60; Ś. II.4.202; Bh. IV.2.118; H. VI.2.81; V.298; Ch. III.1.68 (only first two words, Tṛṇasā, Naḍasā). Var.—2 Naḍa (Ś. H.); 3 Tusa (H.); 4 Arṇa (Bh.); 6 Charaṇa (K.), Varāṇa (J. Ś. V.); 7 Arṇa (K. Ś.), Arṇas (H.), Bh. omits, also Arṇa (V.), Jana (K., Bh. H.), Janaka (J.), Arṇa, Arjuna, Jana seem to be variants of one original word; 8 Bala (K. Bh.), Phala (J.), also Bala, Bula (V.); Lava (K.), Pula (Ś. H.), Phala (V.) are other variants; Vana in K. Ś. H. V. seems to be an addition.

c14.s4.t1.61

(21) Naḍādi—K. IV.2.91; J. III.2.72; Bh. IV.2.137-38; H. VI.2.92; V.270. Var.—7 Tṛi (J. H. V.).

c14.s4.t1.62

(22) Pakshādi—K. IV.2.80; J. III.2.60; Ś. II.4.202; Bh. IV.2.126-28; H. VI.2.89; V.278-80. Var.—2 Tusa (J.); 3 Aṇḍa (K. V.); 4 Pīlika (Ś.), Kambilikā (V.); 5 Chitrā (J., also H.); 9-12 also in IV.2.80.9 (Sakhyādi) where they may be exotic; 15-16 omitted in Bh.; 17 Sakaṇḍaka (K.); 18-19 seem to be the original of the confused Astibala, Hasta (K.), Hastabila (J.), Bilahasta, Hastin (Bh.), Bilahasti, Hasta (V.), Bilahasta, Hastin (H.); 20 Paṅgala (J.); Ś omits 18-20.

c14.s4.t1.63

(23) Pragadinnādi—K. IV.2.80; J. III.2.60; Ś. II.4.202; Bh. IV.2.131; H. VI.2.84; V.274; J. Ś., H. V. read Saṅkaśādi and Pragadinnādi together.

c14.s4.t1.64

(२४) प्रेक्षादि (४।२।८०।७)

c14.s4.t1.65

[चातुरर्थिक इनिः। प्रेक्षिन्]

c14.s4.t1.66

१ प्रेक्षा, २ फलका, ३ वन्धुका, ४ ध्रुवका, ५ क्षिपका, ६ न्यग्रोध, ७ इवकट, ८ कंकट, ६ कूप।

c14.s4.t1.67

(२५) बलादि (४।२।८०।११)

c14.s4.t1.68

[चातुरर्थिक य। बल्या]

c14.s4.t1.69

१ बल, २ वुल, ३ मूल, ४ उल, ५ डुल, ६ नल, ७ वन, ८ कुल।

c14.s4.t1.70

(२६) मध्वादि (४।२।८६)

c14.s4.t1.71

[चातुरर्थिक मतुप्। मधुमत्, मधुमान् ]

c14.s4.t1.72

१ मधु, २ बिस, ३ स्थाणु, ४ ऋषि (अरिष्ट), ५ इक्षु, ६ वेणु, ७ रम्य, ८ ऋक्ष, ९ कर्कन्धु, १० शमी, ११ करीर, १२ हिम, १३ किशरा, १४ शर्पणा, १५ मरुत्, १६ दार्व्वाघाट, १७ शर, १८ इष्टका, १९ तक्षशिला, २० शुक्ति, २१, आसन्दी, २२ आसुति, २३ शलाका, २४ आमिवी, २५ खडा (पीडा), २६ वेटा।

c14.s4.t1.73

Var.—2 also Śaradin (K.), Śādin (J.); 3 Kalīra (J.), Kaṭida (Ś.), Palita (V.); 4 Khadira (J.), Kaṭipha (Ś.), Khaṇḍita (V.); 5 Gaḍira (J.), Ś. omits, so also V., 6 Chūdāra (H.); 1. Mañjāra (J.), Majāra, Madāra (H.), Mandāra, Maḍāra (V.). H. also adds Kaṭiva, Kaṭida, Kaṭipa.

c14.s4.t1.74

(24) Prekshādi—K. IV.2.80; J. III.2.60; Ś. II.4.202; Bh. IV.2.119; H. VI.2.80; V. 299.

c14.s4.t1.75

Var.—2 Halakā (V., also K.); 3 Vandyakā (Ś.), Bandhuka (J.); 4 Dhruvaka (J.), also Dhuvakā (J. Ś. H. V.); 5 Kshiprakā (Ś.); 7 Irkuṭa (K.), Itkaṭa (J. Bh.); 8 Saṁkaṭa (K. J.); 9 Kupakā (K.), Kapi (J.); K. adds Karkaṭā, Sukaṭā, Saṁkaṭa, Suka, Mahā, all spurious.

c14.s4.t1.76

(25) Balādi—K. IV.2.80; J. III.2.60; Ś. II.4.202; Bh. IV.2.125; H. VI.2.86; V.277.

c14.s4.t1.77

Var.—2 Pūla (J.), Pula (H.), Chula (V.), Nula (Ś. Kanerese Ms. Devanāgarī transcript, but printed edition Vula); 3 Tula (K.), Mūla (J.), also Pula (V.); 5 Dala (J.), Dulala (Bh.), 6 K. alone Kavala, others Nala; 7 Vacha (J.); 8 Krala (J.), Kula (Bh.), no doubt the original reading was Kula, cf. Kulyā in Ch.

c14.s4.t1.78

(26) Madhvādi—K. IV.2.86; J. III.2.67; Ś. II.4.196; Bh. IV.2.148-49; H. VI.2.73; V.300.

c14.s4.t1.79

Var.—2 Viśa (J.); 4 Mushṭi (K.), Pṛithi (J.), Ushṭi (Ś.), Ṛishi (H.), Arishṭa (Bh. V.); 7 omitted in J. Ś. H., Roma (Bh. V.); 8 Ṛishya (Bh. V.), J. Ś. H. omit; 9 Kukundhu (Ś.) 11 Śarīra (Ś.), Kirīra (K.); 13 Kisara (H.), Kisarā (H.), Kiśara (Bh.); 14 Sāryaṇa (J.), Śaryāṇa (Ś.), Sārpaṇa (H.), Āśaryāṇa (Bh.), Saryāṇa (V.); 15 J. omits, Bhuvat (Ś.), Ruvat (H.), also Maruva (K.); 16 Vārdākī (J.), Pārda (Ś.), Pārdā (H. also Pārdākī), Vārdālī (Bh. V.); 17 Śaru (H.); 19 J. omits, Akshaśilā (Ś. H.); 20 Śakti (K.), Śuki (J.); 23 Śālakā (J.), Śakalī (Ś. H.); 24 Āmighī (K.),

c14.s4.t1.80

(२७) वरणादि (४।२।८२)

c14.s4.t1.81

[चातुरर्थिक प्रत्ययस्यलुप्, वरणा]

c14.s4.t1.82

१ वरण, २ गोदो, ३ आलिङ्ग्यायन, ४ पर्णी, ५ शृङ्गी, ६ शाल्मलि, ७ जालपदी, ८ मथुरा, ६ उज्जयिनी, १० गया, ११ तक्षशिला, १२ उरशा, १३ कटुकबदरी, १४ शिरीष ।

c14.s4.t1.83

(२८) वराहादि (४।२।८०।१६)

c14.s4.t1.84

[चातुरर्थिक कक् । वाराहकम्]

c14.s4.t1.85

१ वराह, २ पलाश, ३ शिरीष, ४ पिनद्ध, ५ स्थूल, ६ विदग्ध, ७ विभग्न, ८ बाहु, ६ खदिर, १० शर्करा ।

c14.s4.t1.86

(२९) सख्यादि (४।२।८०।९)

c14.s4.t1.87

[चातुरर्थिक ढञ् । साखेय:]

c14.s4.t1.88

१ सखि, २ सखिदत्त, ३ वायुदत्त, ४ गोहिल, ५ भल्ल, ६ चक्रवाल, ७ छगल, ८ अशोक, ६ करवीर, १० सीकर, ११ सरक, १२ सरस, १३ समल ।

c14.s4.t1.89

Amihi (Ś.); 25 Khaḍā (K. Bh. V.), Pīḍā (Ś. H. V.); 26. Veṭa (H. V.), Veda (Ś.), Vaṭā (Bh.), also Vaṭa (V.), Veyaveṇa (J.). J. V. add Valmīka.

c14.s4.t1.90

(27) Varaṇādi—K. IV.2.82; Ch. III.1.68 (only first two words); J. III.2.63; Bh. IV.2.144-45; H. VI.2.69.

c14.s4.t1.91

Var.—2 Pūrva Godau, Purveṇa Godau, Apareṇa Gadau (K.), Goda (Bh. H.); 3 Ālanyāyana-parṇa (H.); 5-6 Śriṅgī-Śālmali (J. one word, so also H. but Śriṅga-); 7 Jālapada (K.), Jālapadā (H.); 12 Urasa (J.), Urasā (Bh.). K. J. call it an *ākṛiti-gaṇa*, because of which several other names were added in Bh., but H. preserves a purer text. K. adds Parṇī, Vaṇikī, Vaṇika unknown to H.

c14.s4.t1.92

(28) Varāhādi—K. IV.2.80; J. III.2.60; Ś. IV. 2.202; Bh. IV.2.32; H. VI.2.95; V. 284.

c14.s4.t1.93

Var.—3 Ś. H. omit; 4 J. Ś. omit; 5 Sthūṇa (K.); 6 Nidagdha (J.); also Vijagdha (K. J. Ś. H.); 7 Bhagna (Ś.), 8 Bahu (J.); 10 Śarkara (J.), Ś. omits. For 4, 6 Kanarese transcript has Vinada, Ninada. Ś. has Ayas, Arusa, Maudgalya here from Kṛiśāśvādi (IV.2.80.2).

c14.s4.t1.94

(29) Sakhyādi—K. IV.2.80; J. III.2.60; Ś. II.4.202; Bh. IV.2.121-122; H. VI.2.88; V.272-73.

c14.s4.t1.95

Var.—2 Datta (J. Bh. also H.), Vāsavadatta (J. V.); 3 Vādatta (Ś. also H.), Agnidatta (also J. Bh. H. V.); 4 Gopila (J.), Gophila (Ś. H. V.), Gobhila (Bh.); 5 J. omits; 7 Chakravāka (J. Ś. Bh. H. V.); 9 Karavāra (K.), Vīra (Ś.), J. omits; 10 Sarkāpāla (J.), Sīraka (Ś. H.), Kasara (Bh.); 11 Saraka (Ś. H. V.), Kasura (Bh.), J. omits 11-13; 12 Sarala (Ś.); possibly all names 10-13 represent variants of one original form. K. adds Charka, Vakrapāla, Uśīra, Surasa, Roha, Tamāla, Kadala, Saptala, all belonging to an inflated text.

c14.s4.t1.96

(३०) संकलादि (४।२।७५)

c14.s4.t1.97

[चातुरर्थिक अञ्, सांकलः पौष्कलः]

c14.s4.t1.98

१ संकल, २ पुष्कल, ३ उडुप, ४ उद्वप, ५ उत्पुट, ६ कुम्भ, ७ निधान, ८ सुदक्ष, ६ सुदत्त, १० सुभूत, ११ सुनेत्र, १२ सुपिंगल, १३ सिकता, १४ पूतीक, १५ पूलास, १६ कूलास, १७ पलाश, १८ निवेश, १६ गम्भीर, २० इतर, २१ शर्मन्, २२ अहन्, २३ लोमन्, २४ वेमन्, २५ वरुण, २६ बहुल, २७ सद्योज, २८ अभिषिक्त, २६ गोभृत्, ३० राजभृत्, ३१ भल्ल, ३२ माल।

c14.s4.t1.99

(३१) संकाशादि (४।२।८०।१०)

c14.s4.t1.100

[चातुरर्थिकः ण्य। सांकाश्यः]

c14.s4.t1.101

१ संकाश, २ कम्पिल, ३ कश्मर, ४ शूरसेन, ५ सुपथिन्, ६ सुपरि, ७ यूप, ८ अश्मन्, ६ कूट, १० पुलिन, ११ तीर्थ, १२ अगस्ति, १३ विरन्त, १४ विकर, १५ नासिका।

c14.s4.t1.102

(३२) सुतंगमादि (४।२।८०।१४)

c14.s4.t1.103

[चातुरर्थिक इञ्। सौतंगमिः]

c14.s4.t1.104

१ सुतंगम, २ मुनिचित्र, ३ विप्रचित, ४ महापुत्र, ५ श्वेत, ६ गडक, ७ शुक, ८ विप्र, ६ बीजवापिन्, १० श्वन्, ११ अर्जुन, १२ अजिर।

c14.s4.t1.105

(30) Saṅkalādi—K. IV.2.75; Bh. IV.2.100-04; missing in J. Ś. H. V.

c14.s4.t1.106

Var.—4 Udyāta (Bh.); 10 Subhūma, Subhṛita (Bh.); 12 Sumaṅgala (Bh.); 14 Pūtīkī (K.), Pūtika (Bh.); 16 Tulāsa, Mūlāsa (Bh.); 20 also Gabhīra (Bh.); 22 Śarīra (Bh.); 23 Heman (Bh.); 30 Gobhṛita (Bh.); 31 Rājabhṛita (Bh.); 34 Pāla (Bh.). K. adds after 18 Gaveṣha, after 31 Gṛihabhṛit. Bh. adds Kapāla, Utpiṣha, Utpala, Śātāhata, Nihata (Niyata), Karavaṇa, all of which seem to be part of an inflated text.

c14.s4.t1.107

(31) Saṁkāśādi—K. IV.2.80; J. III.2.60; Ś. II.4.202; Bh. IV.2.103; H. VI.2.84; V. 274.

c14.s4.t1.108

Var.—2 Kampīla (H.); 3 Kaśmīra (J.), Kaśmīra (Bh. H. V.), Ś. omits, but Kaśmara of K. seems to be the correct reading; 4 Śūra (Ś. H., also Śūrasena), Sūra (V., also J.); 5 V. omits, J. also Supatha, Bh. also Supanthi, Suvanthin and Supanthin (H.); 6 original doubtful, Sakthacha (K.), Manmatha (J.), Suparyapa (Ś.), Sakarṇaka (Bh.), Sakarṇa (H. also Supari); 7 Yūtha (J.), Ś. omits, Yūpat (Bh.); 9 Kuṭa (Bh.), H. also Kuṭa, Kuṇṭa, J. also Kula; 10 Malina (K. J. also Bh. H., may have been the original reading), Ś. omits; 11 Ś. omits; 12 Āgastya (Ś., also H.); 13 Virata (K.), Chiranta (Ś. V.), but Viranta seems to be the genuine reading (its derivative Vairantya); 14 Chikāra (K.), V. omits. Also some other words in Bh. H. V. all inflated texts. K. also reads Aṁśa, Aṅga in others.

c14.s4.t1.109

(32) Sutaṅgamādi—K. IV.2.80; J. III.2.60; Ś. II.4.202; Bh. IV.2.130; H. VI.2.85; V. 282-83.

c14.s4.t1.110

Var.—2 Munivitta (H.); 3 Mahāchitta (Ś., also Bh. V.), also Mahāchitra (J.), also Mahāvitta (H.); 6 Aṇḍika (J.), Gadika (Ś. H.), also (३३) सुवास्त्वादि (४।२।७७) [चातुरर्थिक अण्। सुवास्तु,+अण्—सौवास्तव:] १ सुवास्तु, २ वर्णु, ३ भंहु, ४ खंडु, ५ सेवालिन्, ६ कर्पूरिन्, ७ शिखंडिन्, ८ गर्त, ९ कर्कश, १० शटीकर्ण, ११ कृष्णकर्ण, १२ कर्कन्धुमती, १३ गोहा, १४ अहिसक्थ।

c14.s4.t1.111

IV. PLACE-NAMES

(c) Śaiṣheka

c14.s4.t2.1

(३४) कत्र्यादि (४।२।९५) [शैषिक ढकञ्; कत्रि+ढकञ्—कात्रेयक] १ कत्रि, २ उम्भि, ३ पुष्कर, ४ पुष्कल, ५ मोदन, ६ कुम्भि, ७ कुंडिन, ८ नगर, ९ माहिष्मती, १० वर्मती, ११ कुडचा।

c14.s4.t2.2

(३५) काश्यादि (४।२।११६) [शैषिक ञिठ्ठञ्; काशिकी काशिका] १ काशि, २ चेदि, ३ सांयाति, ४ संवाह, ५ अच्युत, ६ मोदमान, ७ शकुलाद, ८ हस्तिकर्ष, ९ कुनामन्, १० हिरण्य, ११ करण, १२ गोवासन, १३ भौरिकि, १४ भौलिङ्गि, १५ अरिन्दम, १६ सर्वमित्र, १७ देवदत्त, १८ साधुमित्र, १९ दासमित्र, २० दासग्राम, २१ शौवावतान, २२ युवराज, २३ उपराज, २४ सिन्धुमित्र, २५ देवराज।

c14.s4.t2.3

Khaṇḍika (V.); 9 Baijavāpis form part of the Dāmanyādi *gaṇa* (V.3.116) and are known to the Maitrāyaṇī Saṁhitā.

c14.s4.t2.4

(33) Suvāstv-ādi—K. IV.2.77; Bh. IV.2.106-07; missing in Ch. J. Ś. H. V.

c14.s4.t2.5

Var.—5 Śaivalin (Bh.); 10 Śaśakarṇa (Bh.); 11 Kṛishṇa and Karka (K., an obvious wrong splitting and reading); 13 Gāha (Bh.); 14 Abhisaktha (Bh.). Bh. adds Taṇḍu, Śephālika, Daksha-vikarṇa.

c14.s4.t2.6

(34) Kattryādi—K. IV.2.95; Ch. III.2.5; J. III.2.76; Ś. III.1.4-5; Bh. IV.3.6-7; H. VI.3.10-11; V.315.

c14.s4.t2.7

Var.—1 Kattri (Ch. V.); 2 also Umbi (J.), also Umpi, Aumbhi (H.); 4 also Podana (J.), Pudanā (V.), Paudana (H.), Ś. omits; 6 Ch. J. Ś. omit, hence reading doubtful, Kumbhī (K. H.), 7 Kuṇḍinā (Ch. Ś. Bh. H. V.), Kuṇḍinī (J.); 8 Nagarī (Ch. J. V.); 10 K. also Charmaṇvatī, but Varmatī is supported by all others; 11 Kulyā (K.), Kuṇḍyā (Ś. H. V.). H. adds Kunyā, Ukshyā, Bhāṇḍyā, Grāmakuṇḍyā Tṛiṇyā, Vanyā, Palyā, Pulyā, Mulyā, all trash readings. V. adds Valyā, Vanyā, Mulyā, Tṛiṇyā, Bhāṇḍyā, Vulyā.

c14.s4.t2.8

(35 Kāśyadi—K. IV.2.116; Ch. III.2.33; J. III.2.93; Ś. III.1.29; Bh. IV.3.46-49; H. VI.3.35; V. 322-24.

c14.s4.t2.9

Var.—1 Kāśī (S.); 2 Bedi (Ch.), Vedi (J. Ś.), Chedi (Bh. H. V. also *v.l.* in K.); 3 Saṁjñā (K. undoubtedly corrupt), Saṁyāti (Ch.); 4 Saṁvāha

c14.s4.t2.10

(३६) गहादि (४।२।१३८)

c14.s4.t2.11

[यथासम्भवं देशवाचिभ्यः शैषिकः छः । गहीयः]

c14.s4.t2.12

१ गह, २ मध्य, ३ अंग, ४ वंग, ५ मगध, ६ कामप्रस्थ, ७ खाडायन, ८ काठेरणि, ६ शैशिरि, १० शौंगि, ११ आसुरि, १२ आहिसि, १३ आमित्रि, १४ अवस्यन्द, १५ क्षेमवृद्धिनू, १६ व्याडि, १७ वैजि, १८ आग्निशर्मि ।

c14.s4.t2.13

(३७) धूमादि (४।२।१२७)

c14.s4.t2.14

[देशवाचिभ्यः शैषिक वुञ् । धौमकः]

c14.s4.t2.15

१ धूम, २ खण्ड, ३ शशादन, ४ आर्जुनाव, ५ दांडायनस्थली, ६ माहकस्थली, ७ घोषस्थली, ८ मावस्थली, ६ राजस्थली, १० राजगृह, ११ सत्रासाह, १२ भक्षाली, १३ मद्रकूल, १४ गर्तकूल, १५ आंजीकूल, १६ द्रुघाहाव, १७ त्र्याहाव, १८ संस्फीय, १६ वर्वर, २० वर्चंगतं, २१ विदेह, २२ आनर्त, २३ माठर, २३ पाथेय, २५ घोष, २६ शुष्प, २७ मित्र, २८ पल्ली, २६ आराजी, ३० धांतराजी, ३१ अवया, ३२ कूल, ३३ समुद्र, ३४ कुक्षि, ३५ अन्तरीप, ३६ द्वीप, ३७ अरुण, ३८ उज्जयिनी, ३६ दक्षिणापथ, ४० साकेत ।

c14.s4.t2.16

(Ś. Bh. H. V.); 6 Mohamāna (K. a corrupt reading); 7 Saṅkulāda (J.), Śvakulāla (Ś. H.); 8 Hastikarṇa (J.), Hāstika (Ś.); 9 Kudāman (K., a corrupt reading, *v.l.* Kunāman), Kulanāman (Ch.), Kaunāma (H.), Kenāma in Ś. (printed text) but omitted in Devanāgarī transcription of Kanerese Ms.; 12 Godhāsana (K.), Gauvāsana (Ś.), Gauvāsana (H. also *v.l.* in V.); 13 Bhāraṅgi (Ch. Bh. H. V.), Bhauriṅgi (J.), Tāraṅgi (Ś. H., also *v.l.* in V.); 14 Sāraṅgi (Ch.), omitted in Ś. Bh. H. V. group, but seems to be genuine (cf. IV.1.173, a member of the Sālva state), 15 Śākamitra (J.); Sadhamitra (Ch. J. H. V.), Sudhāmitra (Bh. V.), Chhāgamitra (Ś. H. V.), J. omits; 19 Dāśamitra (Ś. also H.); 20 Dāśagrāma (V., also Dasagrāma); 21 Saudhāvatāna (K. Bh.), omitted in Kanarese transcript, but Śauvāvatāna in printed ed. Ch. adds Kāchi, Gopavana; J. Taraṅga, Govāhana; Bh. Modana and Amitra; V. Modana and Aritra (said to be *Bhoja-sammata*).

c14.s4.t2.17

(36) Gahādi—K. IV.2.138; Ch. III.2.58; J. III.2.115; Ś. III.1.50; Bh. IV.3.81-92; H. VI.3.63; V.317.

c14.s4.t2.18

Var.—The text of this *gaṇa* combines place-names with other nouns; of a total of 48 words only 18 have been selected, first 15 of which are read in the Chandra-vṛitti. 7 Khāḍāyani (Ch. J. Bh. H.), Bhidāyanī (Ś., a corrupt reading); 8 Kāveraṇi (K.), Kāreraṇi (Ś.), also Lāveraṇi (J. H.). 15 Kheshmadhṛitvi (Ch. H. V.), Kshaimavṛiddhi (Ś.), Kshaimavṛitti (Bh.).

c14.s4.t2.19

(37) Dhūmādi—K. IV.2.27; Ch. III.2.41; J. III.2.106; Bh. IV.3.59-61; H. VI.3.46; V.329-33. Ś. omits it.

c14.s4.t2.20

Var.—2 Shāḍaṇḍa (Ch. V.), Shaṇḍa (J. Bh.), Shaḍaṇḍa, (H.), Shadāṇḍa (H. V.); 4 Ārjunāda (K.), Arjunāva (Ch. J. Bh., V. calls it a Vāhīkagrāma); 8 Poshasthalī (J.); 9 omitted in J.; 11 also Sātrāsāha (H.); 12 Bhakshāsthalī (K.), Bhekshālī (J.), Bhakshyādi, Bhakshyālī (H.); 13 Madra-

Linked texts (4)

Aṣṭādhyāyī — Pāṇini, Sanskrit
Sarasvatīkaṇṭhābharaṇa (alaṅkāra) — Bhoja, Sanskrit
Cāndravyākaraṇa — Candragomin, Sanskrit
Jainendravyākaraṇa — Devanandin Pūjyapāda, Sanskrit