India as Known to Panini: A Study of the Cultural Material in the Ashtadhyayi c7.s4.71

c7.s4.71

The *Gaṇa-pāṭha* furnishes some additional names of *janapadas*, viz., *Barbara* (IV.3.93, on the sea-cost near the mouth of the Indus where the port Barbarika was situated); *Kaśmīra* (IV.2.133; IV.3.93); *Uraśā* (IV.3.93, modern Hazara); *Darad* (IV.3.93, modern Dardistan); *Gabdikā* (IV.3.93; Patañjali mentions the Gabdikās as living outside Aryāvarta in his time; to be identified with modern Gadderan, the homeland of the Gaddi tribe, beyond Dhaulidhar in the Chambā valley); *Paṭachchara* (IV.2.110, probably modern Pataudi), *Yakṛilloman* (IV.2.110 mentioned in the Bhīshmaparva 9.46 and Virāṭaparva 5.4, and corresponding to the region between Etawah in the north, Jalaun and Orai in the south, and Kalpi in the east); *Sarvasena* (IV.3.92; also called Sārvaseni, cf. *Kāśikā*, VI.2.33; VIII.1.5 described as a dry region;). Bhīshmaparva 9.59). Patañjali mentions the names of two other *janapadas*, viz., Ṛishika and Jihnu (IV.2.104; II.298, Jihnu, perhaps modern Jhind). The name Ṛishika occurs in the *Mahābhārata* as part of Śakadvīpa. Arjuna conquered the Ṛishikas across the Vakshu (Oxus) 'which flowed through the Śaka country.' The Ṛishikas were later known as Yuechis whose language was called Ārśī.