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India as Known to Panini: A Study of the Cultural Material in the Ashtadhyayi c9.s2.25

India as Known to Pāṇini: A Study of the Cultural Material in the Ashṭādhyāyī c9.s2.25

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c9.s2.25

*SKILLED AND UNSKILLED LABOUR*—Pāṇini refers to unskilled labourers engaged in hard manual work as *karma-kara* (III.2.22), and their wages as *bhṛiti* (*karmaṇi bhṛitau*, III.2.22). He has a special expression for the employment of hired labour, *viz*., *karmakarān upanayate* (I.3.36).

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