The Cambridge History of India, Vol. IV: The Mughul Period v4.c18.75

v4.c18.75

The kingdom of Bījāpur, unlike that of Golconda, had emerged from the contests of twenty years before with independence, and had not become a tributary of the empire. During this period it had been well governed by Muhammad ‘Ādil Shāh, who had maintained friendly relations with Shāh Jahān and in 1648 had been formally recognised by the emperor as entitled to be known as “Shāh” instead of “Khān”. While busying himself with improving the internal administration of his government he had also extended his authority right across India from sea to sea, coming into conflict with the Portuguese in the west and with Golconda in the east. These successes led him to assume a splendour of display which annoyed Shāh Jahān and led to reproofs that were meekly accepted.