The Cambridge History of India, Vol. III: Turks and Afghans v3.c29.132

v3.c29.132

While the dynastic revolution was developing in the territory of the Rāshtrakūtas, the Eastern Chālukyas, whose territory included the part of the Madras Presidency north of Madras, had their own domestic troubles, which do not appear to have abated very much by the success of their cousins in the Deccan. Rājarāja took advantage of the opportunity and came to terms with them, supporting Vimalāditya on the throne and sealing the treaty by the marriage of his own daughter Kundavvai to the Chālukya prince. This treaty proved of a lasting character, and the Cholas had no trouble on this frontier except when outside powers like the Chālukyas tried to make a diversion. When Rājarāja's rule came to an end in about A.D. 1016 his frontier extended so far as to take into his territory the whole of the plain districts of the Mysore country and outside the State of Mysore, with the Tungabhadra marking the frontier. His son who ascended the throne nominally in A.D. 1011 and actually in 1016 had already seen considerable service under his father. He proceeded from this base to beat the Chālukyas back beyond the line of the Krishna, taking Banavāsi, Mālkhed and Kollippākkai, which were the key to the possession of the debatable land of the tract between the Krishna and the Tungabhadra. That done he could feel that he had reached a definitive frontier between the two powers and marched thence to invade the territory of Kalinga, extending from the mouths of the Ganges southwest and southwards along the coast to not far from the mouth of the Godāvarī. This invasion seems to have been undertaken with a view to bringing the Kalingas to such a sense of subordination to him that they might refrain from molesting him in his eastward expedition across the seas to the Malaya peninsula and the island of Sumatra, where he had to fight against the rising imperial power of Srī Bhoja in behalf of the various Tamil settlements in the island and along the coast of the peninsula opposite¹. The wars of his successors had no further object in view than to maintain this frontier. They sometimes carried raids into the interior of the Chālukya territory even as far as Kolhāpur itself, where one of the Cholas claims to have planted a pillar of victory. Notwithstanding these occasional raids the frontier remained where Rājendra the Gangaikonda Chola had actually fixed it.