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The Cambridge History of India, Vol. III: Turks and Afghans v3.c40: Index

The Cambridge History of India, Vol. III: Turks and Afghans v3.c40

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English

Contents

Index

v3.c40.1

A‘azz-ud-dīn Khālid Khānī, 179 ‘Abbasids overthrow Umayyads, 9; ‘A. Caliph of Baghdād, 54; al-Mustansir, 137, 159; ‘al-Mustakfī of Egypt, 138, 158 f.; Ghiyās-ud-dīn, 159 f.; al-Mustanjid of Egypt, 358; al-Mu‘tadid of Egypt, 376 Abdāl Chakk, 292 — Mākarī (of Kashmīr), 287, 288 ‘Abd-ul-‘Azīz, 159 ‘Abdu-l-Haqq, 587 ‘Abd-ul-Karīm of Gujarāt, I‘timād Khān, 339, 342. *See* I‘timād Khān ‘Abdullāh ‘Ādil Khān (1), 423 — — (2), 441, 443 f. ‘Abd-ul-Latīf of Deccan, 398, 399 ‘Abdul Malik, fifth Umayyad, 2 — II, 13, 62 ‘Abd-ul-Qādir of Ahmadnagar, 440, 442, 443 — of Deccan, 397 f. — of Mālwa, 362, 363. *See* Nāsir-ud-dīn — of Mewāt, 213 ‘Abd-ul-Qāhir, 159 ‘Abd-ur-Rahīm, 32 — Khān, 502 ‘Abd-ur-Rahmān, shrine at Ellichpur, 390 n. ‘Abd-ur-Rahmān Chishtī, 29 n. ‘Abd-ur-Rashīd, ‘Izz-ud-daulah, 33 f. ‘Abd-ur-Razzāq, 380 n., 492 ‘Abd-us-Samad Khān, 220 Abhang Khān, 464 n. *See* Āhang Khān Abohar, 142, 148 Ābū, 303, 310, 334, 516, 529, 531; temple, 609 Ābū Hills, 44, 167, 528 Abu ‘Alī Sūnjūr, 12 — Bakr, 64 f. — of Nāgaur, 244, 245 — companion of Mohammed, 101; as-Siddīq, 335 — cousin of Tughluq II, 189 f.; acclaimed as Shah, 190; defeat and death, 191 — Ibrāhīm al-Mustansir, 13 — Kabshah, 7 Abu-’l-Fath Dāūd, 14 f. — Mahmūd of Gujarāt, 303–16 — Sayyid, 343 Abu-’l-Fazl, Shaikh, 466, 501 Abu-’l-Hasan, 29 f. Abu’l-Husain Nasr I, 13, 15 Abu-’l-Ma‘ālī Shāh, 290 Abū-l-Qāsim Mahmūd, Kufic inscription on tomb of, 575 (and n.) Abu Rījā, 140, 143, 182 — Sa‘īd Shāh, 282 — Sulaimān of Gujarāt, Mahalldār Khān, 339 Abu Turāb, 322 ‘Abu-’l-Hamīd Lāhorī, 141 Achaleshwar, 537 Achīn, 556 Achugi II [Sinda], 476 Achyutarāya of Vijayanagar, 470 f., 497 f. Adālaj, the well at, 614 Adam, 8 Ādam Khān of Kashmīr, 283 f. — Khān Lodī, 241, 247 Adam’s Peak, 561 Aden, 336 Adhoī, 9 f. ‘Ādil Khān I of Khāndesh, 300 — — II of Khāndesh, 300, 313, 358 — — III of Khāndesh, 314, 317, 319 — — of Lahore, 193, 201 ‘Ādil Shāh of Madura, 150 ‘Ādil Shāhī dynasty [Bijāpur], 426, 444; architecture, 637 ‘Ādilābād, 535, 586, 631 Ādīna Masjid, the, 602 f., 606, 610, 620 Aditya, temple of, 598 Adiyama [Chola], 474 Adonī, 381, 383, 384, 392, 440, 453, 486, 496 Afghānistān, 37; the *Garmsīr*, 91; Muslim art, 573 f. Afghānpur, 134 (and n.) Afghāns in the Doāb, 76; at Multān, 160; in Deccan, 168; at Katehr, 183; under Buhlūl Lodī, 228; Langāhs of Multān, 503 f. Afrāsiyāb, 35 — of Tūrān, 74 African slaves in Bengal, 268; expelled by Husain Shāh, 271 Afzal Khān [‘Abd-us-Samad] of Gujarāt, 339, 341 — — Shīrāzī, 459 — — of Mālwa, 366 Agar, 367 Āghā Zainab of Khāndesh, 400, 405 Aghwanpur, 134 n. Āgra, 43, 237, 241, 242, 243, 244, 246, 247, 249, 333, 370, 456, 529, 575 Agriculture: crop-rotation, 161 Agroha (Hissar), 153 Āhang Khān of Ahmadnagar, 464 ff. Ahār, 221 Aharwān, 197 Ahmad Aswad, 285 — Chap, Malik, 92 f., 95, 97 ff. — Jalvānī, 236 Ahmad Khān of Kashmīr, 290 — — of Mewāt, 229, 232 — — governor of Āgra, 249 — — of Gujarāt, 308 — — of Mālwa, 353, 359 — Khattū, Shaikh, tomb of, 611 — Niyāltigīn, 28 ff., 89, 509

v3.c40.2

Ahmad Nizām Shāh, 311, 313 f., 364, 425 f., 428–30 — Shāh Bahmanī of Bīdar, 298 f., 351 f., 524 — son of Ayāz (= Khvāja Jahān), 134 — grandson of Mahmūd, 32 — son of Mahmūd Shāh of Deccan, 428, 430, 431 — pretender in Ahmadnagar [Ahmad Nizām Shāh], 463 ff. Ahmad of Ahmadnagar, 398, 418, 421, 423, 424; (independent), 425, 426, 428, 429, 430 — of Deccan (1), 376, 386 — of Deccan (2), 386 f., 390, 392, 393 ff.; [Shāh], 395–404, 409, 491, 536, 538, 631, 632, 635 — I of Gujarāt, 207, 296–300, 313, 351, 353 f., 400 ff., 609 ff., 613, 615, 618, 620; [Khān], 349 f. — II of Gujarāt, 343 f. Ahmad Shāh Masjid, the, 609 Ahmad Shāhī dynasty (Gujarāt), monuments of, 609–16 Ahmadābād, 169, 296, 298, 299, 300, 301, 303, 306, 307, 308, 309, 311, 315, 316, 320, 321, 322, 323, 332, 333, 335, 337, 338, 342, 344, 345, 346, 347; buildings of, 609 ff., 612, 614, 615, 619 n., 620, 623 — Bīdar, 400. *See* Bīdar (Vidarbha) Ahmadnagar, 313, 314, 318, 320, 323, 324, 327, 343, 364, 398, 425, 431, 433, 434, 435, 436, 438, 441, 442, 443, 444, 447, 450, 451, 452, 453, 454, 457, 458, 460, 461, 462, 465, 499, 609 Independent rulers: Ahmad Nizām Shāh I, 425–30; Burhān I, 430–42; Husain I, 442–50; Murtazā, 450–58, 460 f.; Husain II, 461; Ismā‘īl, 461 f.; Burhān II, 462 f.; Ahmad II, 463 ff.; Bahādur, 465 f. Āhoms, the, 514, 539 Ahrāwat, 53 Ahsan Shāh, 149 Ahsanābād, 374 Aibak. *See* Qutb-ud-dīn Aibak Aibak Tamghāj, 51 *Āīn-i-Akbarī*, 114, 501, 536, 538 ‘Ain-ul-Mulk, 110 f., 121 f., 124 f.; in Oudh, 154, 156; rebellion of, 157 ff.; pardon of, 158, 160; loyalty, 165 — Fūlādī of Pātan, 317 — Kan‘ānī (1), 427 — Kan‘ānī (2), 458 f., 460 — of Ahmadnagar, 450 — of Bījāpur, 451 Aja, 521 Aja Deo, 47 Ajai Singh, 525, 526 Ajmer, 15, 22 f., 41, 43 f., 64, 334, 357, 456, 507, 511, 512, 513, 516, 520, 523, 526, 529, 531, 532, 581 f., 622 Ajodhya, 79, 85, 98, 509, 512 Ajūdhan, 34, 94, 193, 196 Akalkot, 373 Ākat Khān, 103 f., 117

v3.c40.3

Akbar, 143, 188, 276, 281, 282, 290, 346, 461, 463, 464, 519, 524, 534, 535, 536, 583, 624, 638 birth, 502; intervention in Kashmīr, 291 ff.; invasion and annexation of Gujarāt, 346 ff., 453; annexation of Mālwa, 371; intervention in Khāndesh, 456; annexation of Berar, 465; annexation of Ahmadnagar, 466; conquest of Sind, 502 f. Akhī Sirāj-ud-dīn, mosque and tomb of, 603 Ākhirinpūr, 183 ‘Alā-ud-dīn, 48. *See* ‘Alī Mardān, Alī Shāh, Bahrām Shāh — Ahmad of Deccan, 297, 299, 300, 356, 394, 400 f. — Bahman Shāh of Deccan, 372–76, 633, 635 — Bahmanī, 431 — Fath Khān of Sind, 339 — Fīrūz, 273 — Hasan. *See* ‘A.-u.-d. Bahman Shāh — Husain, 36, 574 — — (Bengal), 245, 270 ff., 601 — ‘Imād Shāh of Berar, 317, 324 f., 366, 429, 430, 431, 434, 435, 436, 437, 438 — Jānī, 54, 58 — — Sayyid, son of Muhammad Shāh, 223, 225, 354. *See* ‘Alām Shāh — Khaljī, nephew of Fīrūz, 92 f., 95 ff., 98 f.; enthroned, 99; his reign, 100–20; edicts against Muslims, 106 f., against Hindus, 107; economic measures, 109 f., 175; declining power, 116 f.; death, 119. *See also* 135, 188, 261, 375, 376, 486, 487, 516 ff., 524 f., 526, 532, 535, 570, 577, 582 ff., 591, 608, 609, 622, 625 — Mahmūd II of Mālwa, 365 — Muhammad Khvārazm Shāh, 47, 52 — Sikandar Shāh, 150 — — Humāyūn Khān, 192 — —. *See* Tāj Khān of Mālwa — Suhrāb of Gujarāt, 301 — Tarmāshīrīn, 143, 159 — Udauji, 149 — Shāh of Kashmīr, 277 f. — brother-in-law of Nusrat Shāh, 272 ‘Alā-ul-Mulk, Malik, 96, 100 ff., 104 — Ulugh Khān, 301 — of Multān, 212 Alaf Khān, mosque of, 612 Alagakkōnāra, 565 ‘Alāī Darwāza, the, 582, 583 f. Alakeçvara, 563 f. Alakeçvarayā, 565 ‘Alām Khān, 235 (and n.), 236, 241 — — Fārūqī (1), 313 f. *See* ‘Ādil III — — Fārūqī (2), 313 f. — son of Buhlūl Lodī, 321, 338 f. ‘Alām Shāh, 225, 226 f., 229, 234, 255, 256, 356, 594; mosque of, 593 ‘Alāmpur, 234 Aland, 428 Al-Azhar mosque, 575 n.

v3.c40.4

de Albuquerque, Affonso, 495 f. Aleimma, 551 Alexandria, 312 Al-‘Hākim, Kufic inscription of, 575 n. al-Hākim II of Egypt, 151, 164, 177 ‘Alī ‘Ādil Shāh, 444–55, 457 f. — Barīd, Amīr of Bīdar. *See* Amīr ‘Alī Barīd —— Shāh of Bīdar, 440, 441, 442, 445, 448, 453, 457, 458 — Beg, 110 f. — Gujarātī, 221 — Karmākh, 39 — Khān Khurāsānī, Sayyid, 331 —— of Kashmīr, 291; Shāh, 291 f. —— [Raja] of Khāndesh, 456, 461 f., 464 —— of Nāgaur, 244, 245 — Malik, 194 — Mardān, 50 ff., 260 — Shāh, 176, 262 —— Kar, 156, 158, 160 —— of Kashmīr, 280 f. —— (brother of Husain Shāh), 291 f. — Shaikh, 212, 216, 217, 218, 219 — Sher, 277 — b. Qadr, 22 — of Ahmadnagar, 442, 443, 464 — companion of Mohammed, 101 — the Mech, 49 ‘Alī, tomb of, at Hansi, 625 al-Idrīsī, 517 ‘Alīgarh, 164, 582 n. ‘Alīm-ud-dīn, 137 [‘Alī-ud-dīn] Mas‘ūd, 64 ff. al-Ma‘mūn, 9 f. al-Mansūr, 9 Almās Beg. *See* Ulugh Khān Almeida, Francesco de, 312, 316, 567 — Lourenço de, 312, 567 al-Mustakfī, 138, 158 f. al-Mustanjid Billāh Yūsuf, ‘Abbāsid Caliph of Egypt, 358 al-Mustansir, 159 al-Mu‘tadid, Caliph of Egypt, 376 al-Mu‘tasim, 9 Alp Arsalān, 34 Alp Khān, 100, 110, 112 f., 118 f., 518 —— of Gujarāt, 329 —— of Mālwa, 349, 618. *See* Hūshang Shāh Alptigīn, 11, 62 al-Qādir Billāh, 12, 26, 29 Altamsh, 51 Alwāna, 7 Alwar, 88, 213, 416 (n.), 515, 517 Amaragiri, 563 Ambāla, 17, 179, 590 Amber, 529, 530, 533, 534 Ambulugala, 566 Amīn Khān, 78 —— Ghūrī, 345 Amīr (title), 14 n. Amīr ‘Alī Barīd, 324 f., 429, 430 ff., 433–38, 440 — Hasan, 78 Amīr Husain the Kurd of Jedda, 312 — Khusrav, 78, 84, 85 n., 113, 117; death, 135 — Muzaffar, 217, 219 — ‘Umar, 104 ‘Amrān, 9 Amreli, 359 Amroha, 77, 87 f., 119, 166, 221, 222 ‘Amru, 9 Amyin, 543 An Pass, 544 Anagondi (Anagundī), 377, 378, 449, 450 Anaimalai, 475 Anamakonda (Anamkonda), 478, 485 Anandpāl, 14 f., 506, 507; death, 17 Anaukmibaya Nat, 546 n. Anawrahta, 542 Anawrahtaminsaw, 544, 546 Andkhūī, 47, 49 Angadi, 470 f. Anhilvāra, 23 ff., 39, 41, 43 f., 100, 167, 508, 517 Anjangāon, 456 Ānkas Khān of Bījāpur, 460 Annam, 548 Anurādhapur, 561 *Anvar-i-Suhaili*, 37 Aonla, 206, 514 Aor Khān, 57 Appāji, 495 Āqā Farāhshād the Turk, 337 (= Fath Jang Khān), 342 Ar Singh, 525 Arab conquest of Sind, ch. i ; 519 f. Arabs deficient in art of building, 569, 574 Āraga, 489 Arāil, 237 f. Arakan, 543, 545; civil war, 544 Ārām Shāh, 51 f., 62, 533 Arāmura, 307 Aranyakanwal, 522 Arāvalli Hills, 334, 521, 525 Arch, the true, in Muslim monuments, 572 f., 582 f., 612 Arcot, 482, 487, 493 Arghūns of Sind, the, 501 ff., 505 *Arhāī-din-ka-Jhompra*, the, 581 f., 622 Ari of Ava, the, 542, 546 Ari-gyi-do-ahnwe, 546 Ariyāruq, 28 f. Arjuna, 516 Arkalī Khān, 92 ff., 95, 99 Armāīl, 2 Aror, 5 ff., 8 f. Arsalān ‘Abd-ul-Malik, 35 — Khān Sanjar Chast, 69 ff., 72 — Tātār Khān, 76, 78 Arsī, 111, 525, 526 Artillery, 381 n. Āryachakravarti, 562, 563, 566 As-Sālih Telāye, mosque of, 575 n. Āsā Sāh, 531 Asad Khān Larī of Belgaum, 434, 435, 437, 438, 439, 440, 441, 442, 443, 444 Asad Khān Lodi, 203

v3.c40.5

Asad-ud-dīn, 121 Asadī of Tūs, 27 Asaf Khān of Gujarāt, 319, 331, 341, 342, 368 f. ‘Asāirī, 27 Āsan River, 241 Asāwal, 169, 295, 296, 300 Asghar, 240 Ashja‘ Khān, 339 Ashraf, 270 Āshtī, 445 Āsī, 43 Asīr, 297, 365, 455, 466 Asīrgarh, 314 ‘Asjadī of Marv, 27 ‘Askarī Mīrzā, 333, 369 Asnī, 20, 508 Asoka, Pillars of, removed to Delhi, 187, 590 Assam invaded by Husain Shāh of Bengal, 271 f.; pre-Muslim rulers, 507, 514; conquest by Burmese and British, 514; Āhom kingdom [Shāns], 539 Asvatthāma, 521 Atala Masjid at Jaunpur, 625, 626 f., 628 Atala-devī, 626 Atarkin-ka-Darwāza at Nāgaur, 622 *Ātashkada*, 135 de Atayde, Dom Luiz, 452 Athgāth, 215, 233, 244, 257 Athinhkaya, 540 de Atouguia. *See* de Atayde Atraulī, 214 *Attanagaluvamsa*, 561 Atthanāyaka, 563 Auhad Khān of Bayāna, 356 Aurangzīb, 434 Aurint, 522 Ausa, 428, 430, 441, 447, 461 Āva, 539, 553; kingdom of, 540–50; site of city, 541; capital of Burma, 542, 558 Ayāz, 27 — of Multān, 58, 60, 64 — of Sīrī, 104 Ayuthia, 553 Ayyūb, 63 A‘zam, Shāh of Bengal, 264 ff. — Khān of Warangal, 418, 419 A‘zām-i-Humāyūn Lodī, 236, 249 — Shīrvānī, 235, 240, 247, 248, 249 — of Deccan [Bīdar], 375, 384 Āzarbāijān, 282, 391 Āzarī of Isfarāyīn, 403, 409 ‘Azīm-us-Sind, 147 ‘Azīz Khammār, 166 (and n.), 167 ‘Azīz-ul-Mulk Shaikhan, 311

v3.c40.6

Bābājī Ballāl Sāh, 538 Bābaniya, 180 f. Bābur, 242, 250, 272, 282, 287, 321, 323, 329, 431, 501, 505, 523, 529 f. Bada (Sayyid), 210 Badal Mahall gateway, 623 f. Badaun, monuments of, 624 f. Badnor, 526 Badr-i-Chāch, 155, 165 Badr-ud-dīn Sunqar, 60 ff. Bāgdī, 260, 272 Bagerhāt, 604 Bāghā, 607 Baghdād, Caliphs of, 11, 159 Baghelkhand, 67 Bāghels, the, 510, 535 Bāghjī of Deola, 330 Baghrūr, 4 Bāglān, 518, 523. *See* Baglāna Baglāna, 168, 299, 310, 311, 322, 324, 334, 363, 372, 374, 376, 382, 401, 518, 523 f. Bāgor, 300 Bahā-ud-dīn Gurshāsp, 140, 488 — Sam, 36, 38. *See* Balban — Tughril, 44 — Ulugh Khān of Modāsa, 311 — Zakarīyā, 503 — of Sāgar, 385 f. — envoy of Akbar, 293 Bahādur Gīlānī, 311, 424, 427 — Nahār, 515 — Tāīr, 62 — of Ahmadnagar, 463, 464; [Shāh], 465 f. — Khān of Bihār, 250 — — of Deccan, 374, 379, 390 — — of Kashmīr, 291 — Shāh, son of Muzaffar II of Gujarāt, 272, 321, 335, 336, 340, 369, 426 n., 436, 438, 501; at battle of Pānīpat, 322; ruler of Gujarāt, 323–34, 530 f. Bahadurgarh, 159 Bahār Khān of Ranthambhor, 356 Baharjī (title), 523, 524 Bahāu-l-Haqq, tomb of, 598. *See* 599 Bahjat Khān, 245 Bahman, 170, 372 f. — Shāh (= Hasan Zafar Khān), 170 f., 372–76, 378, 384, 403, 490, 630; death, 181 — Khān Māzandarānī, 181 — Muhammad I, 181, 490 Bahmanābād, 4 f., 8 Bahmanī dynasty of the Deccan, 170, 177, 294, 298 f., 490 ff., 524, 538; architecture, 629–37; tombs at Bīdar, 635 *Bahman-nāma*, the, 403 Bahrāich, 65 f., 71, 158, 234, 272, 390 n. Bahrām, 35 ff., 509 — Aiba Malik, 125, 142 — Khān, 139, 147, 156, 262 — — Māzandarānī, 294, 380, 382, 390 — — of Kashmīr, 283 ff. — — of Sāmāna, 202 ff. — Mu‘izz-ud-dīn, 60 ff., 63 — Shāh, 53 Bai, Rānī, 5 Bāī Harīr, well of, 614; mosque of, 615 Bairāgarh, 538 Bairam Khān, 203, 207 Bairātgarh, 526 Bajāna, 337 Bajaur, 22

v3.c40.7

Bajhrā of Bhātiya, 14 — cousin of Dāhir, 3 f. Bajwāra, 208, 218 Bakhar, 53 f. Bakht Buland, 535, 536 Bākor (Bāker), 320, 325 Baksar, 234 Bālākrishna, 496 Balāl Sen, 47 Bālāpur, 406, 466 Balasore Hills, 606 Bālban, Bahā-ud-dīn, 55, 64, 66 ff., 260, 516; disgraced, 69; return to power, 70 ff.; king, 73; the Forty, 74 f.; his reign, 74–83, 88 ff., 92; his army, 84; descendants in Bengal, 132; tomb, 582 — 'Izz-ud-dīn, 64. *See* Kishlū Khān — Yūzbakī, 72 Balghākpur, 79 Balhanadeva, 513 Balhārā, as title, 506 Balkā, 54 Balkātigīn, 11 Balkh, 12, 27 f., 31, 359 Bālkonda, 409, 410, 454, 458 Ballāl Sen, 511 Ballālā I [Hoysala], 474 — III, 484, 490. *See* Vira Ballala III Ballālpur, 535, 537 Ballia, 234, 258 Bāltistān, 283, 288 Balūchīs, 306 Bāmiyān, 57 Bamma, 480 Banamās of Kashmīr, the, 281 Banāthorā River, 374 Banavāsi, 468, 469, 471, 472, 476, 478, 479, 489 Banbīr Singh of Mewār, 531 Banda, 20 Banda Nawāz, 635 Bang, Banga, 260, 261 Bangalore, 472 Bangarmau, 157 f. Banjāras, the, 243 Bankāpur, 392, 407, 416, 477, 489 Bankapura, 479 Bannū, 200 Bānswāra, 320, 326, 370 Bāo, 200 Baobab trees, 618 (and n.) Bāpā, 519 Baqbaq, 74 Barā Gumbad, the, 595, 597 Barā Sonā Masjid, 607, 608 Bārakanūr, 475 Baramgalla, 288, 289, 292 Bāramūla, 279, 283, 289 Baran, 18, 52, 59, 83, 86 f., 109, 147, 198, 203, 221, 230, 515 Baranī, Ziyā-ud-dīn, 75, 82, 85 n., 86, 90, 93 n., 131 n., 134 n., 136 ff., 145 f., 160 ff., 165, 166 n., 171 f. Bārbak Lodī, 246, 258 Bārbak Shāh, 231, 234 ff., 237, 504 Bārbak Shāh (Bengal), 268 f., 604

v3.c40.8

Bare Khān, tomb of, 595 Bārendra, 260 Bargūjar Rajputs, 534 Bāri, 234, 508, 509 Bārid Shāhī dynasty [Bīdar], 426; tombs, 635; architecture, 637 Bārkālūr, 475 Barmak, 9 Baroda, 166 ff., 301, 309, 315, 316, 347, 366 Barreto, Francisco, 444 Basant Rāi, 365 Basīrhāt, 602 Basrah, 404 Bassein, 333, 545, 546, 548, 552, 553 Bastām, 165 Baswa, 530 Bat Khān Aibak, 70 Batnol, 299 Bawlawkyantaw, 544, 546, 552 f. Bayalnādu, 479 Bayāna, 44, 70, 72, 88, 199, 201, 205, 207, 213, 214, 215, 218, 219, 221, 231, 236 f., 241, 242, 245, 246, 252, 329, 330, 351, 356, 360, 529; monuments, 622, 623 Bāyazīd of Bustām, 137 Bāyazīd (Sultan), 329 Bayinmaung, 550 Bāz Bahādur (Bāyazīd), 371; palace of, 621 n. Beas River, 6, 71 Begampurī mosque, 593 Bektars Malik, 79 f. Belgaum, 375, 416 f., 419, 421, 434, 439, 440, 441, 460, 478 Beligala Rock, 560 Bēlūr, 471, 474, 475 Benares, 29 f., 42, 52, 238, 509, 512, 513 Bengal, 46, 48 f., 51 f., 57, 64. *See also* ch. xi, 442, 507, 510, 511, 514, 544, 555 Raziyya, 59; allegiance to Balban, 76; rebellion, 79; Balban's invasion, 80 f.; M. Tughluq's expedition, 132 f.; death of Bahrām Khān, 156; invasion by Fīrūz Tughluq, 176; independence recognised, 177, 189; second invasion by F. T., 177 f.; lost to F. T., 188, 201; invasion by Ibrāhīm Shāh of Jaunpur, 252; Husain Shāh of Jaunpur an exile in, 258 f. Kingdom of, ch. xi (260–76); extent before Muhammadan conquest, 260; relations with Delhi, 260–3; independence recognised by Fīrūz, 263; persecution of Hindus, 267; Husain Shāh, 270 ff.; Portuguese in B., 272 f., 274; Sher Shāh, 275 f., 370 Muslim monuments, 599–608 Berar, 96, 300, 304, 310, 314, 317, 324, 333, 346; chs. xiv–xvii *passim*; 534, 535, 536, 631, 637 Independent rulers ['Imād Shāhī]: Fathullāh 'Imād Shāh, 425, 427, 429; 'Alā-ud-dīn, 429 ff., 434, 440; Daryā, 440, 443, 445, 446; Burhān, 446, 453 f.; [Tufāl Khān], 446, 448, 450, 453 f.; Berar ceded to Akbar, 465

v3.c40.9

Be(y)t Shankhodhar, 25, 307, 508 Bezwāda, 496 Bhadauriya tribe, 233, 257 Bhaga [Rāthor], 523 Bhāgor, 319 Bhagwān Dās, Raja, 293 Bhairav of Pāthrī, 398, 415 n. Bhairon, 156 — of Gwalior, 202, 533 Bhamo, 547 Bhāndak, 536 Bhandarkāl Gate (Delhi), 105 Bhānder, 364 Bhangara. *See* Iliyās Bhansor, 192 Bharatpur, 88, 515, 622 Bharūr, 5 Bhātinda, 40, 42, 60, 68 ff., 78, 88, 215, 216, 218, 219, 220, 506 Bhātīs, the, 520, 521, 522, 523, 531 ff. Bhātīya, 14 Bhatnair, 78, 196 f.; (Bhatner), 520 Bhāto of Amber, 534 Bhattī, 495 Bhaul, 401 Bhīkan, 230 — (= Muhammad Shāh), 231, 254 f. Bhīl, 237 f. Bhillama [Yādava], 480 Bhīls, the, 313, 526 Bhīlsa, 55, 95, 245, 327, 328, 366, 367, 368, 369, 516 Bhīm Ballār (Ballāl) Singh, 537 — Singh of Īdar, 317, 318 — I, the Solankī, 508, 509, 517 — II, 510, 517 — the Vaghela, 39, 41, 43 f. — of Dwārkā, 307 — of Jammu, 211, 212 — of Ranthambhor, 516 Bhīma of Chānda, 538 Bhīma river, 374, 391, 462 Bhīmbar, 283 Bhīmdeo, 24 f. — son of Rāmachandra, 113 Bhīmpāl, 17, 21 f., 506 f. Bhoj, 80, 510 Bhoja of Mālwa, 474 — II, 516 Bhojpur, 76 Bhokardhan, 373 Bhongīr, 375 Bhopāl, 536 Bhopat [Rājput] of Ujjain, 328 Bhūm, 373 Bhutān, 514 Bhuvaneka-Bāhu, 559, 560 — I of Yāpavu, 561 f. — II, 562 — III, 562 f. — IV, 563 — V, 563 f. — VI, 566 Bībī Achut Kūkī, 614, 615 — Mariyam, 435 — Rājī, 257

v3.c40.10

Bībī Satī, 428, 430 Bichabhera hills, 318 Bīdar (Vidarbha), 131, 149 f., 154, 156, 168, 170, 298, 324, 358, 361; chs. xv–xvii *passim*; 496, 631 Independent rulers [Barīd Shāhī]: Amīr ‘Alī Barīd, 433–8, 440; ‘Alī, 440, 441, 442, 445, 448, 453, 457, 458; Ibrāhīm, 458 monuments, 629, 632, 635 f. Bīdar of Deccan, 394, 396 Bīdār Khaljī (Qadr Khān), 262 Bihār, 45 f., 53 f., 64, 234, 236 ff., 239, 249 f., 251, 258, 273, 274, 293, 507, 510; Muslims in, 42, 511, 513 Bihārī Mal of Īdar, 318 Bihjat Khān of Mālwa, 364, 365 f., 367 Bihzād, 160 — -ul-Mulk, 458 f. Bījai Mandal, the, 587 Bījāpur, 324, 333, 374, 403; chs. xvi, xvii, *passim*; 478, 485, 495, 496, 498, 499; monuments, 637 Independent rulers [‘Ādil Shāhī]: Yūsuf ‘Ādil Shāh, 425–30, 435; Ismā‘īl, 435–9; Mallū, 439; Ibrāhīm I, 439–44; ‘Alī, 444–55, 457 f.; Ibrāhīm II, 458, 460–3, 464, 465 Bījayapāl, 18 f. Bijjala Rānī, 484 — of Tardavādi, 478, 479 Bijnor, 53 Bīka of Partābgarh, 529 Bīkaner, 520 Bikramājīt Singh of Gwalior, 242, 248, 534. *See* Vikramāditya — of Mewār, 530 f. *See* Vikramāditya Bilāl Jhūjhār Khān, 340 — of Multān, 504 Bilgrām, 192 n. Bilhana, 473 Bimbisara, 549 Bināyik Deo, 241, 242 Binnya U, 552 Binnyakyan, 553 f. Binnyaran, 556 Bīr, 151, 324 f., 358, 382, 411, 436, 440, 451, 466 Bīr Bhān, 192 — Nārāyan, 536 — Raja of Īdar, 300 Bīrbal Parihār, 533. *See* Māl Deo Birkāna of Belgaum, 417 Bīsal Deo, 512 Bitti-dēva (Vishnu-dēva), 474. *See* Vishnu[vardhana] Bodhan, 630 *Bodhivaṁsa*, 562 Bokana [Bokimayya], 479 Bokimayya [Bokana], 479 Bombay, 401, 406, 427; Portuguese at, 325 Bomma [Brāhma], 478 Borneo, 556 Bosat Vijaya-Bāhu, 561 f. de Braganza, Constantino, 343 Brāhma [Bomma], 478 Brāhmans subdued by Fīrūz Tughluq,

v3.c40.11

188; spared at Vadnagar, 320; Senas of Bengal, 511; B. of Pālī, 521 Brāhmaputra river, 176, 260, 539 Britu, 54 Broach, 167 ff., 301, 339, 341, 344, 345, 346, 347, 477 Bu 'Alī Hasan, 33 Buda 'Imād-ul-Mulk, 309 Budail, 2 Budaun, 42, 47, 51 f., 56, 58, 61, 64, 67 f., 70 f., 74, 77, 87 f., 92, 99, 104, 143, 175, 182, 187, 204, 206, 208, 214, 221, 222, 225, 226 f., 234, 236, 255, 256, 258, 514 Budaunī, 115, 145 f., 152, 166 n., 172, 179, 242 Buddhagaya, 555 Buddhaghosa, 556 Buddhism in Gujarāt, 517 Buddhist revival in Ceylon, 559 f., 563 Būdhiya, 3 Bughrā Khān, Mahmūd, 78–86 Buhlūl Lodī, 222 (and n.), 223, 224 f., 226, 282, 285, 321, 330, 354, 360, 361, 528, 533; usurpation of Sayyid throne, 227; reign, 228–35; the Punjab, 241; war with Jaunpur, 253, 254–8; war with Multān, 503 f.; tomb of, 594 n. Bukhārā, 11 ff., 15, 249 Bukka I of Vijayanagar, 150, 378–82, 383 f., 385, 397, 489, 490 — II, 391 ff., 394 n. Bukkur, 502 Bulandshahr, 18, 52, 88, 147, 515 Bundelkhand, 67, 507 Būndī, 69, 330, 357, 529, 530, 531 Burdhankot, 49 Burhān Bilārāmī, 169 — 'Imād Shāh of Berar, 446, 453 f. — Nizām Shāh I of Ahmadnagar, 314, 323, 324 f., 327, 425 n., 430, 431 f., 434, 435, 436, 438, 440 ff., 463, 464, 499 — — II, 462 f. *Burhān-i-Ma'āsir*, 393 n. Burhān-ud-dīn of Ahmadnagar, 457, 461; [Shāh] II, 462 f. — of Gujarāt, 342 f. — -ul-Mulk, 330, 339 Burhānpur, 297, 310, 314, 327, 333, 335, 338, 375, 406, 438, 455, 466, 503, 637 Burjī Mamlūks of Egypt, 282 Burma, ch. xxi (539–58); Upper Burma, state of, 540 Burman race, 539 Burmese conquest of Assam, 514 Burmese literature, 548 f. Byzantine Empire, arts of, and Muslims, 571, 574

v3.c40.12

Caesar Frederick, 499 Cairo, Fatimite palace at, 575 n. Calendar, lunar, of Islam, 361 Calicut, 312, 316, 452, 492, 496 Caliphs. *See* 'Abbāsids Cambay, 100, 169, 308, 311, 312, 325, 332, 340, 609 Canals built by Fīrūz Shāh, 587 f. Canarese language, 439, 446 Canarese troops, 460 Carmathian heretics, 59 de Castro, Alvaro, 340 — João, 340 f. Catherine of Portugal, 341 Ceylon, 480 f., 482, 539; ch. xxii (559–67); religious missions to, 548 (and n.), 552, 555; Kalyāni ordination, 555 f.; Chinese raid, 565; treaty with Portuguese, 567 Chach, father of Dāhir, 1 — brother of Jai Singh, 8 Chāchakdeo of Jaisalmer, 533 Chaghar-beg-Dāūd, 31, 33 f. Chaghatai 'Alā-ud-dīn Tarmāshīrīn, 143 — Khān, 62 Chāhad, 68 Chākan, 401, 408 f., 424 Chakiria, 273 Chakk clan (Kashmīr), 284, 287–92 Chakra Deo, 39 Chalabi Rūmī Khān of Vijayanagar, 448 f. Chālukyas (later) of Kalyāni, 467, 468, 469, 470, 471, 472, 473, 480, 485, 506, 507 Chaman Malik, 221, 222 Chambal river, 213, 215 n., 241, 242 f., 257, 351 Chamkhan, 605 Chāmpāner, ch. xiii *passim*; 356, 361, 401, 518 Chāmpānīr, 612 f. Chāmundi, 475 Chānd Bībī of Ahmadnagar, 447 f., 458, 459, 460, 463, 464, 465 f. Chānd Khān of Gujarāt, 323, 326, 369 Chānd Mīnar at Daulatābād, 629, 635, 636 Chānda, 535, 536 ff. Chandels, the, 507, 510, 512, 513, 514, 533, 534, 536 Chanderī, 68, 96, 111, 245, 248, 249, 253, 318, 354, 355, 360, 361, 364, 366, 367, 368, 370, 529, 622 ff. Chandra, 3 Chandrabhān [Chauhān], 530 Chandrabhānu, 560, 561 Chandradēva (Gaharwār), 509 f. Chandragiri, 454, 493 Chandraguni, 454 Chandrapur, 537 Chandwār, 43, 206, 209, 214, 234, 236 f. Changālva, 474, 476, 479 Charles II of England and Kaiqubād, 83 Charles the Hammer, 1 Chatgāon, 273 Chatisar, Malik Sinān-ud-dīn, 54 *chaudharī*, 89 Chauhāns, the, 184, 506, 507, 510, 511 ff., 514, 515, 517, 518, 520, 521, 522, 530 Chaul, 118, 310, 312, 316, 385, 444 f., 452, 453, 462 Chaurāgarh, 536 Chaurāsī Gumbaz at Kālpī, 625 Chausa, 275, 276 Chāvadas, the, 506, 518, 521 Chāwaras, the, 507, 509 Chedi, 507, 510, 534

v3.c40.13

Chenāb, 48, 66 f., 195, 217 Chera, 484 Chēram, 475 Chhada, 521 Chhajū Malik, 83, 85 ff., 90, 92 f., 108 Chhibrāmau, 233, 257 Chhindwāra, 535 Chhotā Pāndua, 603 Chhotā Sonā, 606, 607 Chhote Khān, tomb of, 595 Chidambaram, 482 Chiengmai, 540, 545, 548, 552, 553, 555, 558 China, 155; Ibn Batūṭah an envoy to, 163; Chinese relations with Burma, 539, 540 f., 543, 544, 547, 548, 551, 556; sea trade, 548 n.; Portuguese traders with, 556; Chinese raid in Ceylon, 565; Persian art, 574 Chinese paper currency, 145 f. Chingīz Khān, 52 f., 65 n., 95, 135 —— of Ahmadnagar, 451, 453, 454, 455 —— of Gujarāt, 345 ff. Chīnī Mahal, 636 Chirāgh minar, the, 606 Chirjī, a fowler of Gujarāt, 337, 338; [Muhāfiz Khān], 339 Chitā of Amrelī, 359 Chitor, 108 f., 111, 119; chs. xiii, xiv, *passim*; 506, 507, 519, 520, 522 f., 524 f., 526, 527–31; Tower of Victory at, 578, 579; other monuments, 620 f., 622 Chitrūr, 5 Chittagong, 273, 275 Chittaldroog, 475 Chittūr, 493 Chola Mahādevī, 481 Cholas, dynasty of the, 467, 468, 469, 470, 471, 472, 473, 480, 481, 483 Chonda [Rāthor], 522 —— of Chitor, 527 —— of Mewār, 523 Chora Gangā, 351, 511 Chota Nāgpur, 178, 260, 275, 313 Chota Udaipur, 518 Christians under Islamic law, 3 f. Chudasāma, 296, 305, 306; (Chudāsima), 519 *Chūlavaṁsa*, 560, 562 Chunār, 237 f., 253, 274 Cochin, Portuguese at, 312, 316 Coimbatore, 475 Coins: Muhammad Tughluq's fictitious currency, 145 f.; coins of Ma‘bar, 149 (and n.) Colgong, 238, 271 Colombo, 563; Portuguese at, 567 Comorin, Cape, 177 Conjeveram, 418 de' Conti, Nicolo, 547 Copper coinage, 145 f.; used as ammunition, 449 (and n.) Coryate, Tom, and the pillars of Asoka, 187 Çrī Rāhula, 566 Çrī Rājasiṁha, 566 Çrivardhana Pratirāja, 566 Currency scheme of Muhammad Tughluq, 145 f. Cutch, 172, 205, 306, 518 f.; Fīrūz Tughluq in, 180 Cuttack, 65

v3.c40.14

Dābhis, the, 509, 521 Dābhoī, 166 ff. Dābhol, 118, 375, 385, 414, 428, 453 Dābshilīm, 508 f. Dacca, 46, 80 Dädigama, 563 Dādī-ka Gumbad, 595 Dāgon, 543 Dāhir, ruler of Sind, 1 ff., 506; death, 5 Dahod, 301. *See* Dohad Dākhil Darwāza, the, 601, 604 ff. *Daḷadāsirita*, 562 *Dalā'il-i-Fīrūz Shāhī*, 179 Dalla, 543, 544 Dalmau, 147 (and n.), 192, 237 f. Dalpat of Garha, 536 Dāmaghān Shāh, 149 —— Mahmūd Ghāzi, 150 Damān, 305, 325, 343 Damascus, 568, 571, 602 *Daṁbadeṇi-asna*, 560 Daṁbadeniya, 559, 560, 561, 562 Dāmghān, 574 Dammazedi, 554, 555 f. Dāmōdara [Chola], 474 Dāmoh, 536 Danayak, 492 Dāngrī, 337 Dāniyāl, 466 Danok, 553, 555 Daosa, 534 Daqīqī, 27 Daras Bārī, 604 Darbejī, 2 Dargah of Nizam-ud-dīn Auliya, the, 582, 591, 609 *darvishes*, 128 Darvīshpur, 274 Daryā Khān Husain of Gujarāt, 335 f., 337 ff. —— ‘Imād Shāh of Berar, 333, 440, 443, 445, 446 —— Lodī, 222 f., 225, 229 f. —— Lohānī, 249 f. —— of Deccan, 422, 423 —— of Gujarāt, 182, 612 Daryābād, 237 Dastūr Dīnār, 419, 424, 428, 429 Dastūr Khān of Mālwa, 365 Dastūr-ul-Mamālik of Gulbarga, 430 Dastūr-ul-Mulk of Deccan, 405, 406 Dāūd of Deccan (1), 376, 384, 633, 634 —— (2), 405 —— of Gujarāt, 303 —— Khān Auhadi, 225, 226 —— of Bayāna, 356 —— of Khāndesh, 313, 364 Dāūd Nasr, Āmīr, 6 Daulat Chakk, 289 —— Khān Ajyāra, 370, 371

v3.c40.15.1

Daulat Khān (Khaljī), 245 — — Lodī, 203, 204, 250, 504, 523 — Shāh of Berar, 445 — of Gujarāt, 342 Daulatābād, 96 n., 121, 130, 135, 147, 149, 154, 179, 181, 299, 325, 327, 358; chs. xv, xvi *passim*; 436, 440, 464; became Muslim capital, 140 ff., 189; Delhi population transported to, 141 f., 143 f., 585; revolt and destruction, 167 ff.; monuments, 606, 629 (and n.), 630 f., 635, 636 Dāvar Malik, 173, 177 *dawat* (*dhāwat*), 129 Debkot, 49, 51, 57 Debul, siege and fall of, 2, 3 Deccan: Muslim conquest, 95 f., 99, 130, 510; revolts in, 140, 156, 160; government of, 157, 165 ff.; Bahmanī dynasty, 177, 181, 294, 351, 524; loss of, 188; relations with Khāndesh, 297; war with Gujarāt, 299; invasion by Mālwa, 304 f.; invasion by Bahādur of Gujarāt, 325; invasions by Mālwa, 356, 357 f. the independent Kingdom (1347–1490), ch. xv (372–404); its decline and fall, ch. xvi (405–32); the five Kingdoms (1527–1599), ch. xvii (433–66) Bahman Shāh, 372–6; Muhammad I, 376–83; administrative system, 376 f., 389; Mujāhid, 383 f.; Dāūd, 384; Muhammad II, 385 f.; Ghiyās-ud-dīn, 386 f.; Fīrūz, 386–95; Ahmad, 395–404; foreign troops, 398, 403 f.; 'Alā-ud-dīn Ahmad, 405–10; Mahmūd Gāvān, 409–20; Humāyūn, 410 ff.; Nizām Shāh, 412 f.; Muhammad III, 413–22; partition of provinces, 419, 433; Mahmūd Shāh, 422–31; Ahmad, 431; 'Alā-ud-dīn, 431; Walī-Ullāh, 431; Kalīmullāh, 431 f., 433 [Hindu states] the Rāshtrakūtas, 467;

v3.c40.15.2

monuments, 629–37 Delhi, 15, 18, 22, 32, 41, 51, 55, 71, 193 ff., 240, 242, 248, 251, 252, 321, 507, 509, 510, 512, 514, 537; earlier slave kings of, ch. iii; captured by Aibak, 42; White Fort, 63; early Muhammadan kingdom, 87–90; Mughul siege, 102; Hājī Maulā's rebellion, 104 f.; Mughul attack, 109; replaced as capital by Daulatābād, 140 ff.; population transported, 141 f., 143 f., 629 n., 630; second evacuation of, 154; one of four capitals, 159; Nasīr-ud-dīn Muhammad at, 191; Tīmūr at, 197 ff.; desolation of, 200 f.; Husain Shāh's wars upon, 255–8; relations with Bengal, 260–3; Mālwa independent, 349; capture of Delhi by Bābur, 431; Red Fort, 512; Muslim art and Hindu influence, 572, 573 Delhi, Old, 199; Quwwat-ul-Islām mosque, 569, 576 f.; monuments of the 'Lāl Kot', 575 f.; the Great (Qutb) Minar, 577 ff.; tomb of (?) Iltutmish, 579 f.; Balban's tomb, 582; Jamā'at Khāna Masjid, 582 f.; 'Alāī Darwāza, 582, 583 f.; Sīrī, 584; Tughluq period, 584–93; Jahānpanāh, 587 Deogarh, 535, 536, 538 Deogarh Bāriya, 518 Deogīr, 95 f., 100, 112–16, 118 f., 121 f., 131, 479, 485, 486, 487, 518, 523; renamed Daulatābād, replacing Delhi as capital, 140 ff. Deogiri, 477 Deola, 330 Deolī, 317, 319 Deolia, 529 Deora Rājputs, 518 Deorāj, 518 Deūrkonda, 410, 411 Devagiri, 630 Deval Devī, 100, 122, 124, 127; capture by 'Alā-ud-dīn, 112 f., 518 Deval mosque at Bodhan, 630 Dēvala Mahādēvī, 484 Devapratirāja, 560 Devarāya I of Vijayanagar, 394 (and n.), 398, 491, 492 — — II, 405, 406 f., 491 ff.

v3.c40.15.3

Dewalwāra, 24 Dhāliya, 5 Dhamma Parakkama-Bāhu, 566, 567 Dhammakitti I, 563 — — II, 564 — — Thera, 560 Dhāmoni, 245, 367 Dhandhūka, 338, 345 Dhanga of Jijhoti, 507 Dhankaur, 230, 254 Dhār, 111, 166, 168, 170, 202, 295, 302, 317, 327, 349, 350, 364, 474, 507, 510, 515; monuments of, 617, 618 Dhārāgīr, 141. *See* Deogīr Dhārāseo, 459, 462 Dharma Singh, 516 Dharmapāla, 510 *dharna*, 188 n. Dhārūr, 451 Dhārwār, 476, 477, 480 Dhauli Wain, 217 Dher caste, 120 n. Dholka, 345, 346, 517, 609, 612, 613 Dholpur, 213, 234, 241, 242, 244 Dhorasamundar (Halebid), 116 Dhūnd river, 534 Dhūndhār, 534 Dhundīs, the, 533 Dīdwāna, 294 Dilāvar Khān of Bījāpur, 459–62 — — — of Deccan (1), 405 — — — of Deccan (2), 422, 423, 426 — — — (Ghūrī) of Mālwa, 201, 202, 203, 295, 349, 390, 391; mosque of, 618 Dilpasand Khān of Bīdar, 424 Dinājpur, 49, 266 Dinkar Singh, 537 Dīpālpur, 125, 160, 172, 176 f., 193, 196, 200, 203, 210, 211, 212, 219, 224, 226, 229, 365 Dir, 22 Diū, 316, 323, 324, 325, 328, 329, 332, 333, 334, 335, 340, 341, 401; Egyptian attack on Portuguese at, 336 f. Diwālī festival, 527 Doāb, 22, 42, 67, 76, 80, 88, 143, 145, 147, 150, 152, 203, 204, 205; Chālukyas and Cholas, 469; Meos, 515 Dohad, 301, 309, 324, 609 Dome, the (Hindu and Muslim), 572 f., 582 f.;

v3.c40.15.4

the double dome, origin of, 595 Dongar Singh, 354 Donwun, 551, 552 Dūda [Bhātī], 532 Dul Chand, 196, 520 Dulha Rāī, 534 Dumme, 475 Dūngar, 244 Dūngarpur, 299, 300, 320, 321, 346, 357, 530 Dungarsī of Chāmpāner, 310 Durgāvatī, Rānī of the Gonds, 371, 536 Durlabha of Gujarāt, 509 Durlabhavardhana, 507 Dvārasamudra, 470, 474, 475, 477, 479, 484, 487, 489 Dvāravatīpura, 116, 121, 140, 149, 169, 372, 373, 377 Dwārkā, 324, 521 Dwayawadi, 558

v3.c40.16

Earthquakes, 242, 289 Echaladēvī, 474 Egypt, spice trade with, 312; fleet destroyed by Portuguese (Almeida), 316; war with Portuguese, 336 f.; envoy to Mālwa, 358 f., 360 f.; al-Mu'tadid, 376; temple propylons, 626 Eklākhī tomb, the, 603 f., 605 Elberga, 476 Ellichpur, 96 f., 112 f., 168, 359, 385, 390 (and n.), 399, 406, 450, 631 Ellora, 113, 518 Elu vocabulary, 566 Ereyanga [Hoysala], 473, 474 Erij, 355, 364 Erode, 477 Etāwah, 43, 88, 182, 192 f., 201, 202, 204, 206, 207, 209, 210, 212, 214, 218, 219, 230 f., 232 ff., 236, 252, 254, 256, 258, 515 European gunners in army of Deccan, 381 (and n.)

v3.c40.17

Fakhr-ud-dīn, 77, 83 f., 87 — Mubārak Shāh, 150, 156; *see also* ch. xi; 176 f., 262 — Muhammad Jauna, 124 f., 127 — the Deccani, 423; *see* Khvāja Jahān of Parenda Fakhr-ul-Mulk of Delhi, 407, 419 Famine in Northern India, *c.* A.D. 1335, 152 f. Farghan (Mughul Āmīr), 172 Farhād Khān of Ahmadnagar, 462 Farhat-ul-Mulk, 184, 191, 294 Farīd (brother of Mubārak), 220 Farīd-ud-dīn Ganj-i-Shakar, Shaikh, 94, 196 Farrukhābād, 233, 257

v3.c40.18

Farrukhī, 27 Farrukhzād, 34, 500 Fārūqī dynasty of Khāndesh, 294; monuments, 637 Fatehpur Sikri, 623 Fath Jang Khān, 337, 342; *see* Āqā Farāhshād Fath Khān, 226; sons of, 184, 194 — — Chakk, 291 — — of Gujarāt, 345 — — of Herat, 229, 230 — — of Mālwa, 352, 360 — — son of Ādam Khān of Kashmīr, 285 — — son of A'zam-i-Humāyūn Shirvanī, 249 — — son of Bahlūl, 240 Fath Shāh of Bengal, 268, 269, 270 — — of Kashmīr, 285 ff. Fathābād, 175, 197, 587, 623, 625 Fathpūr, 213 Fathpūr Sikrī, 292 Fathullāh 'Imād-ul-Mulk of Berar, 398, 416, 419, 421, 423, 427, 429; founded 'Imād Shāhī dynasty, 425 Fattūjī Muhāfiz Khān, 335, 338 Feudal grants and abuses, 77 Fidāī Khān of Mālwa, 356, 361 Firdausī, 27, 403 Firishta, 145, 166 n., 170 n., 179, 200 n., 306, 372 f., 381 n., 388 n., 400 n., 415, 442, 587, 620, 621 n., 623 Fīrūz; *see* Rukn-ud-dīn — of Deccan, 386-95, 402 f., 536, 538, 633, 634 — Jām of Sind, 325, 332 — son of Husain I of Multān, 504 Fīrūz 'Alī, 189 — 'Imād Shāh, pretender in Berar, 456 — Khān of Gujarāt, 296, 297 — — also of Gujarāt, 299 (and n.), 302 Fīrūz Shāh, 64 — — Bahmanī, 378 — — Jalāl-ud-dīn Khaljī, founder of dynasty, 86, 121, 127, 199, 203, 532; enthroned, 87; his reign, 91-98 Fīrūz Tughluq, 166, 171, 191, 194, 251, 263, 276, 294, 349, 376, 380, 490, 501, 578, 586 n., 603, 625; his reign, 173-89 (exchequer reforms, 174 f.; public works, 175; son's death, 182; senile decay, 183; death, 184; lax administration, 185; marriage- and employment-bureaux, 186 f.; religious persecution, 187 f.); buildings, 584, 587-92 Fīrūza (*Chirāgh*) minar, 606 f. Fīrūzābād, 43, 187, 190 f., 194 f., 199, 203, 204, 210, 214, 358, 589, 593; founded, 175, 587 — [Deccan], 391, 395, 413, 421 Fīrūzkūh, 37 Fīrūzpūr, 175, 179, 183 (and n.) Fort Mosque at Jālor, 622 'Forty,' the, 61 ff.; and Mas'ūd, 66; and Balban, 68 f., 74 f., 77, 91; and Fīrūz, 94 'Friday mosque,' 20, 55; sermon, 138;

v3.c40.19

prayers, 159, 164; prisoners, 163; Tīmūr's mosque at Samarqand, 199 Fūfī, 5 f. Fūlād, 216, 218, 220 — Khān of Deccan, 389, 392 *Futūhāt-i-Fīrūz Shāhī*, 580, 588 n.

v3.c40.20

Gadag, 480 Gagan Mahal, 636 Gāgraun, 319, 328, 329, 351, 368, 528, 529 Gaharwār clan, 509, 512 f., 514, 520, 521, 523 Gahlots, the, 361, 506, 507, 510, 516, 519, 520; of Mewār, 524 f. Gajānhar of Ajmer, 357 Gāliākot, 320 Gamberi river, 622 Gambhir river, 214 Gāmbhū, 294 Gampola, 561, 563, 564, 566 Ganapati [Kākatīya], 485 Ganda of Jijhoti, 507, 514 Gandagopala, 484 Gandak river, 234 Gandāva, 9 Gānesh, Raja, 236, 252, 266 Gangā [Rāthor], 523 Gaṅgāçripura, 563. *See* Gampola Gaṅgādās, Raja of Chāmpāner, 301, 306 Gangādhar Tak, 517 Gaṅgādoṇi-pabbata, 559 Gangaikoṇḍa-Sōḻapuram, 473, 482, 486 Gangaikoṇḍas [Cholas], 469 Gaṅgarāja [Chālukya], 476 Gaṅgarāja Ummattūr, 495 Gangas, 471; overthrow of the, 468 Gangavāḍi, 471, 473, 474, 475, 478 Gaṅgāwati, 383 Ganges river, 21, 23, 35, 42, 79, 93, 98, 213, 260, 468, 508, 515; its water, 130; Tīmūr at, 199 Gangeyadeva Kālachurī, 510 Gaṅgū, 170 n., 372 Ganpati, 96, 115 Gāolīs, the, 535 Garcia de Noronha, 336 Garha, 535, 536 f. Garha-Katanga, 371, 536 Garha-Mandlā, 516, 536, 538 Garmsīr, 91 Gaur, 46, 268, 270 f., 273, 274, 275, 276, 511; monuments, 600, 601 f., 604–8 Gāwīl, 399, 419, 450, 454, 465, 631 Ghafūr, 495 Ghaggar river, 7, 197 Ghālib Khān, 194, 201 — of Māhūr, 431 Ghansūr [Gāolī], 535 Ghar Singh of Jaisalmer, 532 Ghātprabhā river, 374, 383 Ghāzī Chakk, 288 — Khan, 323 — — Chakk, 289 f.; [Shāh], 290 — — Lodī, 250 — Malik, 112 (and n.), 124 ff. — Shāh, 263 Ghāzīpur, 250 Ghaznavid dynasty, ch. ii; origin, 61; culture, 570, 574. *See also* 597 Ghaznī, 11, 42, 55, 57; ch. ii *passim*; 506, 579; under Sabuktigīn, 11 f.; Friday mosque founded, 20; Arsalān's defeat, 35; the city burned, 36; Ghuzz Turkmāns expelled, 38; Yildiz at, 52; Mughuls of, 62, 88; art and culture, 574 f. *See also* Tamar Khān Ghaznī Khān of Mālwa, 298, 299, 352 — — of Khāndesh, 313 Ghilzais, 91 n. Ghiyās-ud-dīn A‘zam, Shāh of Bengal, 264 ff. — Bahādur, 132 f., 139, 261; revolt and death, 147 — Balban, 55, 73; ch. iv; 500 — Dāmaghānī, Muhammad Dāmaghān Shāh, 149 — Hisām-ud-dīn, 53 — Mahmūd, Shāh of Bengal, 273 ff. — Muhammad, 37 f., 44, 578; death, 46 — Muhammad, son of Iltutmish, 57 — Muhammad, pretender, 173 — Tughluq Shāh I, 126, 127–136, 139, 142, 173; reforms of, 128 ff.; Tughluqābād, 585 f.; tomb, 586 — Tughluq Shāh II, 189 f. — of Deccan, 386 f., 633, 634 — an ‘Abbasid, 138 — son of Mahmūd Khaljī, 224 — son of Mahmūd Khaljī of Mālwa, 302, 305, 309, 311, 326, 354, 360, 361–5, 528, 621 (and n.) Ghiyāspur, 347 Ghūr, 16 f., 28, 33, 35 ff., 56, 61 — Muhammad b. Sām of, 37, 38–48 Ghūrids, the, 597 Ghuzz Turkmāns, 13, 37 Gīlān, 282, 409 Girī, 32 Girivaṁsa, the, 563 Girna river, 401 Girnār, 171 f., 296, 305, 306, 307, 316, 519 Gīsū Darāz, the saint, 393, 394, 395 f., 402 f., 407 Goa, 421, 422, 424, 467, 476, 477, 489, 495; Portuguese at, 316, 325, 341, 434, 441 f., 444, 452; captured by Bahman Shāh, 375; captured by Mahmūd Gāvān, 415 Goālpāra, 264 Godavārī river, 116, 324, 375, 382, 417, 435, 445, 464, 465, 468, 491, 494 Godhra, 301, 317 Godwār, 527 Gogī, 439 Gogra river, 80, 85, 234, 258 Gohels, the, 521 Gokuldās Pawār, 530 Golconda, 333, 380, 394, 426 (and n.), 429; ch. xvii *passim*; 496, 631, 633; architecture, 637

v3.c40.21

Independent rulers [Qutb Shāhī]: Sultān Qulī Qutb Shāh, 426, 430 (and n.), 433, 438, 440; Jamshīd, 440-3; Subhān Qulī, 443; Ibrāhīm, 443-9, 451 f., 454 f., 457, [459]; Muḥammad, 459 Gonda, 237 Gondāl, 172 Gonds, the, 248, 359, 371, 387, 390, 393, 399, 491, 507, 516, 534-8, 631 Gondwāna, 131, 313, 329, 350, 393, 399, 534 Gōpala, 507 Gore Gungāya Ruddivāru, 631 Gosāl Khen, 272 Gosunda, 527 Govind Rai, 40 Govindarāja, 512 f. Guhrām, 41, 70, 88, 164, 221 Gujarāt, 24, 43 f., 53, 99, 182, 191 f., 195, 198, 201, 203, 205, 207, 272, 282; ch. xiii (294-348); 350, 353, 356, 372, 376, 383, 385, 389, 391, 392, 396, 399, 400 ff., 406, 413, 417, 427, 436, 438, 451, 453, 463, 467, 501, 502, 507, 508, 523, 524, 529, 631

v3.c40.22

Parsīs in, 34; Muhammad b. Sām in, 39; 'Alā-ud-dīn's conquest, 100, 516, 517 f.; revolt, 119; order restored, 121; revolts, 160 f., 166-71; Fīrūz Tughluq in, 180 f.

v3.c40.23

Independent kingdom set up, 294 f.; Sultān Muzaffar I, 295 f.; Ahmad I, 296-300; war with Mālwa, 298, 299 f.; war with Deccan, 299; Mu'izz-ud-dīn Muhammad Shāh, 300 f.; Qutb-ud-dīn Ahmad, 301 ff.; pact with Mālwa, 302; Dāūd, 303; [Abu-'l-Fath] Mahmūd, 303-16; alliance with Sind, 306 f.; pirates punished, 306, 307; conspiracy against M., 307 f.; extent of kingdom, 310; Portuguese defeat, 312, 316; Mahmūd's qualities, 315 f.; Muzaffar II, 316-22; designs on Mālwa, 317 f.; civil war, 322; Bahādur Shāh, 323-34, 530 f.; conquest of Mālwa, 326 f.; war with Humāyūn, 329-33; treaty with Portuguese, 333; treaty broken—Bahādur's death, 334; Mahmūd III, 335-43; war with Portuguese, 339 ff.; Ahmad Shāh II, 343 f.; Muzaffar III, 345-8: G. annexed by Akbar, 346 ff., 453; the Solankīs of, 507 ff., 510; Muslims and Gujarātī architecture, 572; monuments and architecture, 608-16 Gul Chandar, 152 Gulbarga, 118, 121, 156, 168; ch. xv *passim*; 416, 418, 419, 426, 428, 429, 430, 434, 438, 439, 440, 441, 444, 460, 485, 631; monuments, 629, 633 ff. Gul-i-Bihisht, 114 Gumti river, 177, 508 Gunar, 170 Gunjotī, 423 Gunmant mosque, the, 604, 606 Gunnaur, 77 Guptas, the, 400, 599 Gurgān, 13 Gurgāon, 88, 515 Gurjara Pratīhāras, the, 507

v3.c40.24

Guttal, 477 Guttas, the, 477 Gwalior, 15, 22, 44, 52, 55, 59, 72, 88, 97, 119, 121, 152, 164, 193, 202, 205, 207, 210, 212, 213. 214, 215, 218, 219, 222, 233 f., 236, 240, 282, 351, 354, 360, 370, 466, 507, 508, 529, 533 f., 622 f.; Sikandar Lodi and, 241-4; Ibrāhīm Lodi and, 248 f.; Husain Shāh and, 255, 257 Gyobinzeik, 557

v3.c40.25

Habash Khān (1), 270 — — (2), 337 Habashī dynasty, 606 Habashī Khān, 464 Habīb, 8 — Shāh, of Kashmīr, 289 f. Hadiyya Sultān of Bījāpur, 447 Hāfiz, 264, 265, 385 Haft Gumbad at Gulbarga, 633 Haibat Khān, 74 f. — — of Āgra, 237, 239 — — Prince, 246 — — of Gujarāt, 296, 609 — — of Kashmīr, 279, 288, 289 — — of Mālwa, 352 Haidar of Ahmadnagar, 442 — of Golconda, 442 Haidar Khān, 283 Haidar Shāh, 284 f. — son of Ghāzī Khān, 290 — son of Yūsuf Khān [Shāh] of Kashmīr, 293 Haidarābād (Sind), 3 Haihayas, the, 507, 534 f. Hājī Dabīr, 332, 334 — Khān of Kashmīr, 283 f. *See* Haidar Shāh — — of Mālwa, 370 Hājī Kishvar Khān of Bījāpur, 458 — Maulā, 104 f. — Sārang, 245 — Shudanī, 222. *See* Hisām Khān — Sultānī, 304 Hājīpur, 273 Hajjāj, 1 ff.; death, 7 Hakam, 8 Hākim II of Egypt, 151 — 'Alī Gīlānī, 293 Haldī, 234, 258 Halēbīd (Mysore), 116, 475 Hālol, 310, 344, 612 Hamadān, 27 Hambar of Orissa, 415, 417 Hamīd Khān of Bījāpur, 459 — — of Delhi, 226, 228 Hamīd Lodī, Shaikh, 14 Hamīd-ud-dīn, 105 Hamīr (Hamīra) of Chitor, 525 f. Hamīr Deo of Ranthambhor, 101, 103, 105. *See* Hamīra (Hamīr) of Ranthambhor Hamīra (Hamīr) of Chitor, 525 f. Hamira (Hamīr) of Ranthambhor, 516 f. Hampi, 488, 489 Hamzah Malik, 215 Hanafī sect of Sunnis, 148, 395

v3.c40.26

Hangal, 477 Hānsī, 31 f., 41, 43 f., 58, 64, 69 f., 88, 99, 148, 153, 190, 210, 247, 248, 509, 625 Hanthawaddy, 549 Hanūmāngarh, 250 Har Chandra, 7 Har (Chand) Singh (Gwalior), 202, 206, 213, 533 Hārā Chauhāns, the, 530 Hāra Rājputs, 353, 356 Haranand, Raja, 111 Harāotī, 353, 356 Hardwār, 199 Hari Parbat, 638 Harī Rāi of Īdar, 298 Harib (Hariyappa), 490. *See* Harihara Odiyar Harihara (Hariyana) Odiyar, 489, 490 Harihara I of Vijayanagar, 378 — II, 387 ff., 391, 491 Harirāja, 513. *See* Hemrāj Harpāl Deo, 119, 121 Harsha, 506, 507 Hārūn-ur-Rashīd, 10, 495 Hasan Abdāl, 32 — Kachhī, 284 — Khān, son of Mahmūd Shāh, 254 — — of Deccan, 393, 394 f., 410, 411, 415 — — of Gujarāt, 303 — — of Kashmīr, 278, 284 f. *See* Hasan Shāh — — of Khāndesh, 307, 313 — — of Rāprī, 225 — Qarlugh, 65, 68, 73 — Qarmalī, 249 — Shāh of Kashmīr, 285 — [Rāja] of Etāwah, 206, 215 — of Deccan, 398, 633 — of Khāndesh, 296 f. — of Mewāt, 321 — [Khusrav Khān], 120 — the Timurid, 37 Hasan-i-Dihlavī, 135 Hassan [district of Mysore], 474 Hātim Khān, 92 Hauz-i-‘Alāī (Hauz-i-Khās) tank, the, 584. *See* Hauz-i-Khās Hauz-i-Khās (Hauz-i-‘Alāī), 584, 590, 591 Hauz-i-Qutb tank, 611 *Hauz-i-Shamsī* at Badaun, 624 Hazrat Sa’īd Sadr Jahān Ajmālī, 627 Hemkaran, 368 Hemrāj, 43, 513 Herat, 16 ‘Heroes Five’, the, 30 n. Hijabr-ud-din, 99 Hilāl (Buhlūl) Khān Qāzī, mosque of, 609 Himālaya, 46, 49, 52, 71 f.; pliocene fossils, 179 Hindāl Mīrzā, 275 — of Kashmīr, 277, 278. *See* Qutb-ud-dīn Hindaun, 221, 223, 356 *Hindolā Mahall*, the, 618 f. Hindu art, ch. xxiii; architectural construction compared with Muslim, 570 f.; fusion of styles, 571, 577, 591, 600, 640; local variety, 571 f.; Quwwat-ul-Islām, 576; influence weaker in Tughluq period, 588 f.; revival in Sayyid and Lodī periods, 593; the Bengali roof, 600, 601, 608; wells, 614 Hindu Kush, 11, 278 Hindu mercenaries 31, 89. *See* Indians Hindū Shāh, 200 (and n.) Hindu states in southern India, ch. xviii (467–499) Hindus in Gwalior, 55; in Bihār, 64; in the Doāb, 72; independence, 88; subordinate officials, 89; attitude to rulers, 89 f.; edicts of ‘Alā-ud-dīn against, 107; edicts of Ghiyās-ud-dīn Tughluq against, 129; M. Tughluq, 164; F. Tughluq, 187 f.; Nasīr-ud-dīn Muhammad, 190, 192; Sikandar Lodī, 242 ff., 246; persecution of H. in Bengal, 267; Husain Shāh disbanded Hindu *pāiks*, 271; Muslims and H. lower castes, 276; vernacular literature, 276; Hindus persecuted in Kashmir, 280; tolerated by Zain-ul-‘Ābidīn, 281 f.; H. of Rajputāna, 302; H. pirates in Kāthiāwār, 307; rise of Vijayanagar, 378–83; H. conditions in Deccan, 432, 445; *see* Vijayanagar; battle of Talikota, 448 ff. Hindūstān, 26, 51, 53, 58 Hippargi, 441 Hīr Sāh, 537 f. Hīr Singh, 537 Hisām Khān, 223, 226 Hisām-ud-dīn ‘Iwaz, 51, 53 f., 601 — favourite of Mubārak, 122, 125 Hisār(-i-)Fīrūza (Hissār), 175, 587 Hishām, 9 — (Caliph), 8 Hissār, 153, 203, 204, 215, 222, 225, 234, 625 — (Hisār-i-Fīrūza), 175 f., 190 Hkonmaing, 550 Hlaing river, 543 Hlaingdet, 558 Hmawbi, 543 Hoj Narmal Rāj [Vijayanagar], 439 Hole-Narasipur, 474 Holī, Hindu festival of the, 319 Honowar, 490 Hoshangābād, 329, 352 Hoshiārpur, 208, 218 Hospet, 497 Hoysāla Ballālas, the, 115 f. Hoysalas, the, 470, 479, 480, 481; origin, 471 f. Hsenwi, 540, 544 f., 547, 548, 553 Hsipaw (1), 547 Hsipaw (2), 550 *Hudibras* quoted, 315 Hughlī river, 260, 601, 603 Hūkeri, 375 Hulāgū, 62, 71, 73, 75, 95 — of Lahore, 152 Humāyūn, 272, 274 ff., 288, 329–33, 342, 369, 371, 438, 502, 505, 526, 531, 534

v3.c40.27

Hūmayūn Khān, 190 ff., 193 — Shāh of Deccan, 357 f., 405, 410 ff. *hūn*, the ('pagoda'), = 4 rupees, 379 (and n.) Husain Gurshasp, 373 — Khān Qarmalī, 245 — — Turshīzī, 456 — —, brother of Muhammad Shāh of Jaunpur, 254-9; became Shāh, 255; wars with Buhlūl Lodī, 255-8, 360, 504 — Nizām Shāh of Ahmadnagar, 442-50 — [Sāhib Khān], favourite of Murtazā of Ahmadnagar, 454-7 — Shāh, ‘Alā-ud-dīn, 270 ff., 276, 607 — — Langāh I, 231, 503 f. — — Langāh II, 501 — — Sharqī of Jaunpur, 231-4, 236 ff., 239, 271, 533, 625, 628 — son of Hasan Shāh of Kashmīr, 285 — son of Mansūr-ul-Hallāj, 137 — son of Murtazā of Ahmadnagar, 454, 456, 460, 461; [Husain Shāh II], 461 — son of Sām, 35 — of Kashmīr, 290; Shāh (Nāsir-ud-dīn), 290 f. — [Shāh] of Multān, 505 Hūshang Malik, 151, 160 — Shāh I of Mālwa, 203, 212, 213, 220, 224, 252, 295-8, 329, 349-52, 354, 399 f., 533; monuments, 618 f., 620, 621 — — II of Mālwa, 365 Hūshyār, 221 — of Deccan, 394, 396

v3.c40.28

Ibn Batūtah, 112 n., 121, 127 n., 129 f., 131 n., 134 n., 135 n., 136, 138-41, 143 ff., 147-50, 152 f., 155, 160, 166 n., 172, 372, 490; mission to China, 163 f. Ibrāhīm ‘Ādil Shāh I of Bījāpur, 333, 439-44, 498 — — II of Bījāpūr, 458, 460-3, 464, 465 — Barīd Shāh of Bīdar, 458 — Chakk I of Kashmīr, 287 — — II of Kashmīr, 289 — Mākarī, 287 — Nāib Bārbak, 625, 626 — Qutb Shāh of Golconda, 443-9, 451 f., 454 f., 457, 459 — Rukn-ud-dīn, son of Fīrūz, 99 — Shāh of Jaunpur, 202, 203, 204, 214, 220, 222, 251 f., 259, 266, 267, 295 f., 626, 627 — son of Ibrāhīm II of Bījāpur, 463 — son of Mas‘ūd I, 34 ff., 509 — son of Sikandar Lodī, 241, 246-50, 272, 321, 322, 529, 534, 595 — of Hānsī, 153 f. — Malik, 157 Īdar, 295, 297, 298, 300, 310, 317, 318, 320, 334, 342, 521 Idolators under Islamic law, 3, 163 *‘Īd-ul-Fitr*, the, 70, 307 Ikdāla, 176, 178, 263, 271 Ikhlās Khān of Bījāpur, 459 f., 463, 464 Ikhtiyār Khān Siddīqī, 329, 332, 335 Ikhtiyār-ud-dīn Aitigīn, 60 — Altūniya, 60 — Balkā, 54 — Ghāzī Shāh, 176, 262 — Kuraiz, 67 — Muhammad, 42, 45 ff., 48 ff., 514 — of Fīrūzābād, 203 f., 208 — murderer of Fīrūz, 98 Ikhtiyār-ul-Mulk, 346 Ikkērī, 496, 498 Ilāhdād Lodī, 218, 221, 222 Ilak Khān, the, 15 Ilbarī tribe, 51 Iliyās, 176 f., 262 f., 276, 603, 604 — of Jhāīn, 207 Iltutmish. *See* Shams-ud-dīn; monuments at Delhi, 577-82; reputed tomb of, 579 f., 583 ‘Imād Shāhī dynasty [Berar], 426; architecture, 637 ‘Imād-ud-dīn Muhammad b. Qāsim, 2-6, 7 f., 10 —, Shaikh, 142 ‘Imād-ul-Mulk, 215, 216, 217, 218, 219. *See* Mahmūd Hasan — Aslān Rūmī of Gujarāt, 342, 344, 345 — Hājī Sultānī, 308 f. — Khush Qadam of Gujarāt, 319, 322 f. — Malikjī of Gujarāt, 328, 329, 332, 335 f., 337, 339 — Sartīz, 148, 168, 170, 373 — Sha‘bān, 296, 303, 304 — of Deccan, 373 — of Multān, 504 — officer of Sikandar Lodī, 245 Indarpat, 125, 176, 507 India, monuments of Muslim, ch. xxiii (568-640) Indians in Arabian army, 15 — under Mahmūd, 27 Indil Khān, 268 f. *See* Saif-ud-dīn Fīrūz ‘Indo-Islamic’ art, the term, 568 (and n.); Hindu influence on, 571 Indrayumnapāla, 511, 513 Indraprastha, 507 Indrī, 143 (and n.), 244 Indūr, 115, 375 Indus river, 53, 66, 102, 180, 501; crossed by Tīmūr, 195 Injū Sayyids, 452 Iqbāl Khān of Bārī, 234 — — of Delhi, 194, 295. *See* Mallu — — of Mālwa, 365, 366 Iqbalmand, 112 Īrich, 625 Īrij, 253 Irrawaddy river, 540, 545, 548, 556 Irukkapāla [Hoysala], 473 Is-Hāq, 11 ‘Isā Khān, 225, 226, 230, 235 f. Isfandiyār, 170, 372 Isfarāyīn, 403, 409 Iskandar Khān, 287 Islām Khān, 191 f. — — Lodī, 208 f., 211, 215, 216, 217, 222

v3.c40.29

Islām Khān, son of A‘zam-i-Hūmayūn Shirvanī, 249 Islām Shāh Sūr, 288, 370 Islāmābād, 329 Islamic architecture, 569. *See* ch. xxiii *passim* Islamic calendar, 361 Islamic empire, extent of first, 1; law, and misbelievers, 3 f.; law of legitimacy, 27; capital punishment, 162 Ismā‘īl ‘Ādil Shāh of Bījāpur, 324, 425 n., 430, 431, 433-9, 458, 463, 497 — Khān, 241 — Mukh, 168, 170, 373 [Amīr-ul-Umarā] — Nizām Shāh of Ahmadnagar, 461 f. Ismā‘īl I Safavī, Shāh of Persia, 314 f., 435 — son of Sabuktigīn, 12, 27 — Shāh of Kashmīr, 289 Ismā‘īlian heretics, 12, 15, 48; at Delhi, 55 f., 59; at Multān, 38 I‘timād Khān [‘Abd-ul-Karīm], 343-7 ‘Iwāz. *See* Hisām-ud-dīn ‘Izz-ud-dīn, 57 — A‘zām-ul-Mulk, 262 — Jānī, 57 f. — Tughril Taghān Khān, 57

v3.c40.30

‘Jāda, sons of’, 518 Jādeja of Cutch, the, 518 Jādons, the, 520, 521, 531 f. Jadu (Jatmall), 266. *See* Jalāl-ud-dīn Muhammad Jādū Rāī, 535 Jaffna, 562, 563, 566 Jagad-dēva, 477 Jagadēkamalla [Chālukya], 477, 478, 479 Jagannāth, temple of, 178 Jagat (Dwārkā), 307 Jahān Shāh, 136, 141 — — of Āzarbāījān, 282 Jahāngīr, son of Tīmūr, 194 — chief of Mākū (Kashmīr) clan, 285 — Khān of Berar, 445 f., 448 — — of Gujarāt, 340 — — of Gulbarga, 430. *See* Dastūr-ul-Mamālik — Qulī Beg, 275 f. Jahānnumā palace (Delhi), 190, 197, 213 Jahānpanāh, 159, 195, 199, 586, 587, 592, 593 Jāharya (a Parwārī), 124 *Jahāz Mahall*, the, 621 Jai Singh, 3, 5, 8 — of Chāmpāner, 306 Jaichand of Kanauj, 19 ff., 42 f., 507, 512 f. — of Sharva, 20 Jaimal, 252 Jaimall of Mewār, 528 f. — of Sirohi, 529 Jain faith, 476, 517 Jaipāl I, 12 ff., 15, 506, 507 — II, 17, 21, 506 Jāīpur, 65, 526, 534 Jaisalmer, 502, 520, 521, 522, 531 ff. Jaitpal of Kherla, 535 Jaitra Singh, 516 Jajar, 517 Jājnagar, 65, 80 (and n.), 132, 263 Jājpur, 263, 350 f., 417 Jalāl Khān Lodī, 243 f., 246 ff., 534 — — of Telingāna, 409, 410, 411 — — brother of Husain Shāh, 255 — — son of Sher Khān, 274 f. Jalāl Shāh, 235 n. Jalālābād, 292 Jalāl-ud-dīn Ahsan Shāh, 148 f., 488 — Fath Shāh, 268 — Fīrūz Khaljī, 350, 516 — Khān, 204, 213, 214, 215, 218, 231 — Mahmūd, 37 — Mangbarnī, 52 f. — Muhammad, 267, 603. *See* Jadu — Yāqūt, 59 f. — of Bukhārā, 206 — of Kanauj, 65, 67, 69 ff. Jalālī, 76, 163, 235 Jalālpur, 360 Jalaun, 625 n. Jalesar, 190 ff., 233, 237, 257 Jalīla, 231 f., 255 Jallū, 213. *See* Jalāl Khān Jālna, 116 Jālor, 100, 110 f., 114, 119, 309, 310, 334, 516, 525, 530, 531, 622 Jām, the title, 501 Jām Bāyazīd of Multān, 504 Jām Fīrūz (Sammā), 501 Jām Rāwal, 518 Jamā‘at Khāna Masjid, the, 582 f., 609 Jamadagni, 178 Jamāl Bībī of Ahmadnagar, 446 — Khān of Ahmadnagar, 461 f. — Qarmalī, Shaikh, 245 Jamāl-ud-dīn Husainī, 393. *See* Gīsū Darāz — Muhammad, 306 Jamanpur, 178 Jambukēśvaram, 484, 487 Jambudoni, 559 Jāmī, 135 *Jāmi‘ Masjid* at Ahmadābād, 609 ff.; at Badaun, 624 f.; at Cambay, 609; at Chāmpānīr, 612 f., 615; at Daulatābād, 630; at Delhi, 590, 593; at Gulbarga, 629, 634, 635; at Irich, 625; at Jaunpur, 628; at Lalitpur, 625; at Māndu, 618 ff., 623; at Srīnagar, 639, 640 Jāmi‘ mosque, 576. *See* Quwwat-ul-Islām Jāmkhandi, 427 Jammū, 39, 89, 200, 211, 212, 279, 280, 284, 285 Jamshīd of Golconda, 440-3 — of Persia, 161 f., 501 — son of Shāh Mīrzā of Kashmīr, 277 Jannatābād, 275 Jaspāl Sehra, 66 Jasrat, 196, 200, 209, 210, 211, 212, 215, 217, 218, 219, 224, 280 f.

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