The Dynastic History of Northern India (Early Mediaeval Period) v1.c11.161.2

v1.c11.161.2

It is quite likely, as I have already suggested, that Southern Sind was never thoroughly conquered by the house of Ghazni, and with the first sign of decay in that dynasty, the Sūmras, a local tribe living in the vicinity of Thari, established their supremacy in this region. According to the *Ta'rīkh-i-Ṭāhirī* their territory included Alor in the north and their capital was Muḥammad-Tūr, in the Pargana of Dirak identified by Elliot with Shākapur, a populous village about 10 miles south of Mīrpur on the borders of Tharr.'² Another capital of the Sūmras is said to have been Vijeh-kot,³ five miles to the east of the Puran river, above the Allāh-band. But in the *Ta'rīkh-i-Ma'ṣūmī*, Thatta is often mentioned as the residence of some of the kings of this dynasty.⁴ According to all the Sind chronicles, the Sūmra chief who founded the dynasty strengthened his position by marrying the daughter of a powerful local Zamindar named Sa‘d. Her son Bhungar appears to have been an active ruler, and died in A. H. 461 (1068 A. D.) after a reign of 15 years. His son Dūdā extended his authority to Naṣrpur, but died in the prime of his manhood in A. H. 485 (1092 A. D.) after a reign of 24 years. His son Singhar was a minor when his father died; but he grew up to be a vigorous ruler ‘and directed his efforts against the country of Kachh, and extended his sway as far as Mānik Bai.'⁵ He died without leaving any son after reigning 15 years.