Encyclopedia of India–China Cultural Contacts v1.c7.s7.t16.22

v1.c7.s7.t16.22

The *Samyuktagama sutra*, in Book 7, does not explicitly mention the name of Pakudha Kaccayāna, but has a description similar to the Pali *Samaññaphala Sutta*, which, as a result, can be known to be the ideas of Pakudha Kaccayāna. It says, “There are these seven substances are unmade, not reduced, and do not kill, do not move, and are firm. Which seven? The earth-substance, the liquidsubstance, the fire-substance, the wind-substance, pleasure, pain, and the fate as the seventh……that are unmade, unreduced, do not kill, do not change, do not move, do not interfere with one another, and are incapable of causing good luck, bad luck or both good luck and back luck or of causing one another pleasure, pain, or both pleasure and pain. When one’s head is cut off, it is simply seven substances that the sword is directed to, and there is neither killer nor killing”. Chinese texts are similar to Pali ones. Actually, Pakudha Kaccayana proposes a seven-element theory, and holds that all things or phenomena are made up of these elements.