Cosmography and Geography in Early Indian Literature c8.s4.39

c8.s4.39

The river Sindh rises in the mountains Unang in the territory of the Turks, which you can reach in the following way: Leaving the ravine by which you enter Kashmir and entering the plateau, then you have for a march of two more days on your left the mountains of Bolor and Shamīlān, Turkish tribes who are called Bhattavaryān. Their king has the title Bhatta-Shāh. Their towns are Gilgit, Aswira, and Shiltās, and their language is the Turkish. Kashmir suffers much from their inroads. Marching on the left side of the river, you always pass through cultivated ground and reach the capital; marching on the right side, you pass through villages, one close to the other, south of the capital, and thence you reach the mountain Kulārjak, which is like a cupola, similar to the mountain Dunbāwand. The snow there never melts. It is always visible from the region of Tākeshar (Ṭakka) and Lauhāwar (Lahore). The distance between this peak and the plateau of Kashmir is two farsakh. The fortress Rājāgiri (Rājaurī) lies south of it, and the fortress Lahūr (Lohara) west of it, the two strongest places I have ever seen. The town Rājāwarī (Rājaurī) is three farsakh distant from the peak. This is the farthest place to which our merchants trade, and beyond which they never pass. This is the frontier of India from the north.