On Yuan Chwang's Travels in India, 629–645 A.D. v2.c17.s3.41

v2.c17.s3.41

¹ But some of the Chinese versions do not seem to have separated the last line from the one before. If a full stop is not put at padesavatti we may perhaps take the two lines as meaning something like this— "engaged in teaching the rule of life and true religion, and outside of these there is no samaṇa". By nyāya here is meant, we are told, the Eightfold path as a practical rule of conduct, and by dhamma the religious teaching of Buddha guiding opinion and belief, and without these there was no samaṇa.