A Comparative Grammar of the Modern Aryan Languages of India v3.c18.13

v3.c18.13

From the habitual neglect of final short vowels, it results that this participle often appears in the form of the bare stem, as in the verbs with ancillaries given above, and this form, appearing to be not sufficiently distinct, a secondary form has arisen, which is now the ordinary one in modern Hindi. This consists of adding के, कर, करके, करकर, and even करकरके to the stem, namely, the conjunctive participle of करना “to do;” as देख कर “having seen,” जाकर “having gone.” The first of these forms के is softened from कै, which, again, is from करि, the older form of the conjunctive part. of करना, and is used in the mediæval poets and in Braj and the rustic dialects to this day. Thus Kabir बहु बिधि के चित्र बनाइकै हरि रच्यौ क्रीडा रास ॥ “Having made many kinds of appearances (máyá), Hari has arranged the sport and pastime (of the world;” Hindola, 16). It having thus become customary to add the participle of कर to all verbs, it has been added to कर itself, thus making करके and करकर, and this reduplicated form again is added to other verbs. In all the dialects we find such forms as मारिकै, मारकै, मार, मारि, and even apocopated as Garhwali मारिक and मारीक “having beaten.” Kumaoni has a curious compound form मारिबेर “having beaten,” which is probably the old form मारि with बेर “time” (Skr. वेला), literally, “at the time of beating.”