A Comparative Grammar of the Modern Aryan Languages of India v3.c19.13

v3.c19.13

The above express definite or quiescent time; for progressive time, whether past, as “since,” or future “until,” the adverbs above given are used as nouns with case-affixes. Thus H. अब से “from now,” “henceforth,” तब से “thenceforth,” कब से “since when?” जब से “from the time when,” or with the older affix ते in the poets, as in जब तें राम ब्याहि घर आये। “From the time when Ram married and came home” (Tulsi-Rám, Ay-k. 5), P. जदों, S. जड़िहाको, जड़िहोको, जड़िहाकर; where को is probably a shortened form of कर, an oblique from कहु, which we may connect with काल “time,” as in हिंअर “now.” The long â or o of jaḍihâ, jaḍiho, as contrasted with the î of जड़िही, seems to indicate an oblique form. G. हम्माण्यों “henceforth,” अत्यार्यों, and apparently also ज्यार्यों, and the rest of the series. They also say अत्यार पछी “henceforth.” M. uses मग or मांगें, which are not pronominal. Neither B. nor O. have special forms for this idea.