A Comparative Grammar of the Modern Aryan Languages of India v3.c19.35

v3.c19.35

Strictly referring to time definite are H. आज "to-day," P. अज्ज, S. अञु, etc. (Vol. I. p. 327), from Skr. अद्य; also H. कल from Skr. कल्य "dawn." This word has two meanings, it is used for both "yesterday" and "to-day." In rustic H. we have the forms काल, कालि, काल्ह, and कल्ह (see Vol. I. p. 350). As the Skr. means only "dawn" in general, it is used in the moderns in the double sense, but in cases where the meaning might not be clear from the context, a word meaning past is employed when "yesterday" is intended, and a word meaning future when "to-morrow" is implied. It also takes case-affixes, as कल की लडाई में घायल हुआ "He was wounded in yesterday's battle," but कल की लडाई में जदि घायल हूंगा "If I shall be wounded in to-morrow's battle." G. काले, S. कल्ह, काल्ह, M. काल.