Wilson Philological Lectures on Sanskrit and the Derived Languages c10.38

c10.38

The Hindî 2nd and 3rd person sing. and pl. are derived directly from those in Ap. The ह of करहि-हु-इ-हिं being dropped as usual; the forms are करइ-उ-इ-इं and when the vowels are combined we have करे-रो-रे-रै. The G. P. and S. forms are exactly similar, the only difference consisting in the nasal of the 3rd. pers. pl. which has been elided in the first as is done in the instrumental singular. The P. and S. ण and नि must be referred to न्त of the Pr. since the Ap. possessed the Pr. forms as well as the new ones. In old G. Mss. it is usual to write the ड़ and ड of these forms separately. The G. & H. first pers. sing. करूं is from the Ap. करउँ, while the आं of the P. करां and the S. हलां is to be traced rather to the मि of the Pr. than to this उँ as that of the ही in the Chit. and Goan. by the elision of ह and the lengthening of the preceding vowel. There are instances of this change given in the Pr. as we have seen. The S. ओं of the 1st pers. pl. is the same as that in M. & O. and to be derived from the Ap. ओं and the Pr. ओं. The ओं of the Hindî 1st per. pl. is brought over from the 3rd person and this transference was facilitated by the nasal of the original termination; or, since in the Ap. both मि and ओं exist, when in a later stage of the language the letter was appropriated and fixed for the sing. the former was adopted for the pl. and changed to ओं which became ओं by amalgamation. The G. and P. further dropped the nasal of this ओं and interposed a vowel which is probably of the same nature as that in the S. मायूँ. The S. like the M. inserts इ before the terminations in the case of transitive verbs, as in the forms of मार given above and does not when the verbs are intransitive or reflexive as शिक and पढ़. The forms of the Ap. Present occur in the older Hindî poets. Thus in Tulsîdâs's Râmâyaṇa we have:—