Studies in the History of Sanskrit Poetics v2.c86.57

v2.c86.57

the most orthodox mention in Bharata of eight *sthāyi-bhāvas* and the resulting eight *rasas* corresponding to them, of which the Erotic (*śṛṅgāra*), the Heroic (*vīra*), the Furious (*raudra*) and the Disgustful (*bībhatsa*) are the main, leading to four others, the Comic (*hāsya*), the Marvellous (*adbhuta*) the Pathetic (*karuṇa*) and the Terrible (*bhayānaka*). Daṇḍin accepts this classification (ii 280-87), but Udbhaṭa (iv 49) adds ³³ the Quietistic (*śānta*) as the ninth *rasa*, although Bharata neither defines it nor mentions its corresponding *vibhāvas*. Rudraṭa is singular in postulating a tenth *rasa*, called the Agreeable (*preyas*), which is accepted by Bhoja and others. Rudrabhaṭṭa admits nine *rasas* in poetry; so do Hemacandra and the two Vāgbhaṭas. The *Agni-purāṇa* in the same way mentions nine *rasas*, (and eight *sthāyi-bhāvas*), but follows Bharata in regarding four as principal and lays special stress on the *śṛṅgāra*. Those later authors who accept the ninth *rasa*, the Quietistic, necessarily postulate *nirveda* or self-disparagement, arising out of the knowledge of reality (*tattva-jñāna*), as its *sthāyi-bhāva*, which is called by some authorities *śama*, or repose resulting from freedom from mental excitement³⁴.