History of Sanskrit Poetics c6.69

c6.69

and the exciting elements are called विभावs¹ (the former being called आलम्बनवि० and the latter उद्दीपनवि०). Such external manifestations as movements of the eye and eye-brows, glances, smiling face convey the working of the emotion of love and hence are called अनुभावs. There are many fleeting or secondary moods that are common to several dominant moods and serve the purpose of completely manifesting the permanent mood, such as निर्वेद (despondency), ग्लानि (ennui or fatigue), शङ्का. These may help to completely manifest the permanent moods of रति and शोक. These are called सञ्चारि or व्यभिचारि भावs. They are 33 and भरत in vol. I pp. 356 ff. describes them at length (विविधमभिमुख्येन रसेषु चरन्तीति व्यभिचारिणः). The dominant moods रति, हास, शोक, when fully roused by means of appropriate विभावs, अनुभावs, व्यभिचारिभावs attain to the condition of शृङ्गार, हास्य and करुण rasas. It is to be noted that the dramatist does not put down any labels that in a particular composition there is शृङ्गार or करुण. He simply refers to the appropriate विभावs (hero and heroine and exciting circumstances), the ensuants (such as glances) and the accessory moods and leaves the spectator or reader to enjoy the aesthetic pleasure resulting from such description. It is therefore that the *rasas* are said to be only suggested (and not expressed). Conversely, even if an author expressly said that there was शृङ्गार or करुण *rasa* in a particular piece, still there would be no aesthetic enjoyment of that *rasa* in case the appropriate elements were wanting. *Rasa* is out of the ordinary, can be understood only by सहृदयs and the only proof of its existence is the चर्वणा or आस्वाद which a सहृदय has. For a detailed description of the *rasa* theory in all its parts, vide नाट्यशास्त्र (VI and VII chap.), दशरूप (4th prakāśa), साहित्यदर्पण (III) and Rasataraṅgiṇī. The eight *rasas* are शृङ्गार, हास्य, करुण, रौद्र, वीर, भयानक, बीमत्स, and अद्भुत (vide नाट्य. VI. 15, pp. 268-269, G.O.S. ed. and K. M. ed. VI. 16). Some added a ninth *rasa* (शान्त).