The Roots, Verb-forms, and Primary Derivatives of the Sanskrit Language c4: Sanskrit Roots, Verb-Forms, and Primary Derivatives

The Roots, Verb-forms, and Primary Derivatives of the Sanskrit Language c4

Language: English

Sanskrit Roots, Verb-Forms, and Primary Derivatives

c4.2

Such a root is inferable from the derivatives: aṅhatí RV. aṅhú V.B. áṅhri B.+ áhi V.+ áṅhas V.+ aṅhīyas B.S. aghá V.+ ahī RV.

c4.3

The verb-form anāha RV¹. is of wholly doubtful meaning and connection.

*Present.* [1.] ákṣat RV¹., akṣase E¹. *Perfect.* [āna kṣa,] akṣāṇá? RV¹. *Aorist.* [3. ācikṣat. —] 5. ákṣiṣus RV¹. [*Future.* akṣiṣyati, akṣyati; akṣitā, aṣṭā.] [*Verbal Adjectives and Nouns.* aṣṭa; akṣitvā, aṣṭvā.] [*Secondary Conjugations: Passive,* akṣya-. — *Intensive.* — *Desiderative,* ācikṣiṣa-. — *Causative,* akṣaya-.] *Derivatives:* akṣiṣṭha JB.

c4.6

A secondary root-form from √ 1 aç, aṅç, and occurring in a few isolated forms. Indra and Agni are called akṣiṣṭhāu vahiṣṭhāu devānām at JB. i. 304.

c4.7

√ 2 akṣ, ‘mutilate’.

c4.8

*Pres.* [5.] -akṣṇoti etc. AV. ÇB. *Verb.* -aṣṭa V.B.S.

c4.9

Only used with prefix nis; does not appear to have anything to do with the preceding root.

c4.10

√ aṅg, ‘move’.

c4.11

*Pres.* [1.] aṅgatu C¹. [*Perf. etc.* ānaṅga etc. etc.] [*Sec. Conj.: Caus.* aṅgayati.]

c4.12

A single occurrence, doubtless artificial, in the Nalodaya.

c4.13

√ ac, aṅc, ‘bend’.

c4.14

*Pres.* [1.] aṅcati etc. AV.+, -te B.; ácati etc. V.B., -te etc. AV.B.S. *Perf.* [ānaṅca,] acire JB. [*Aor. etc.* āncīt; añciṣyati, añcitā.] *Verb.* akná B.S., acita E., añcita E.+ [akta]; -ácya V.B.; -ácam B.

c4.15

Sec. Conj.: Pass. acyáte etc. v.+ [añcyate. — Desid. añciciṣa-.] — Caus. añcayati etc. c. Deriv.: -añc v.+ añká v.+ áñcana v.+ añku- v.+ -añcin B. áñkas RV. -acana s.+ akṣṇá B.S. -áñcas RV.

c4.16

√ aj, ‘drive’.

c4.17

Pres. [1.] ájati -te etc. v.+ Perf. ajus? RV¹. [ājitha etc.] Aor. 5. ājiṣus LÇS¹. [Fut. ajiṣyati, ajitā.] Verb. -ajita? ÇB.; -ajya s.; -áje RV. Sec. Conj.: Pass. ajyáte etc. RV. [— Desid. ajijiṣa-.] Deriv.: ágra? v.+ ajaka c. ájman v. -āja B.+ áj v. ájana v.+ -ájya v.B. ājí v.+ -ája RV. ajirá v.+ ájra? RV. ajá v.+ ájma RV. ajvin s.

c4.18

The form ajus only by very doubtful conjecture to RV. v. 6. 10; ājiṣus variant to AV. āviṣus; ajita in -prajita, possibly for prājita (or pra-jita, √ ji?).

c4.19

√ añj, ‘anoint’.

c4.20

Pres. [7.] anákti añkté etc. v.+ — [1.] añjet s¹. Perf. ānañja B. (anajā anajyāt RV.), ānajé etc. RV. Aor. [1.] ājyāt; āñji. — 3. āñjijat. — 5. āñjīs TA. [Fut. aṅkṣyati añjiṣyati, añktā añjitā.] Verb. aktá v.+; añktvā s., aktvá B. [añjitvā]; -ájya B.S. Sec. Conj.: Pass. ajyáte etc. v.+ [— Desid. añjijiṣa-.] — Caus. añjayati etc. s.+ Deriv.: aṅga c. -ajya c. áñjana v.+ aktá RV. aṅgya c. -āja E.+ áñjas v.+ -akti E.+ añjaka c. ájya v.+ añjí v.B. aktú v.B. añjya c.

c4.21

√ aṭ, ‘wander’.

c4.22

Pres. [1.] aṭati -te etc. E.+ [Perf. etc. āṭa; āṭīt.] Fut. 1. aṭiṣyati E. [— 2. aṭitā.] Verb. aṭita c.; aṭitvā c. [Sec. Conj.: aṭāṭya-; aṭiṭiṣa-; āṭaya-.] Deriv.: -aṭa c. aṭavī? c. āṭa PB.+ aṭana c. aṭyā c.

c4.23

Apparently a modern form of the following root; āṭa in PB. is a proper name.

c4.24

√ at, ‘wander’.

c4.25

*Pres.* [1.] atasi átant átamāna RV. *Verb.* -atita c. ; -atya s. *Deriv.*: atasí RV. átithi? v. + átya RV.B. -áti? RV. atithín RV.C.

c4.26

√ ad, ‘eat’.

c4.27

*Pres.* [2.] átti etc. (ādat ādan) v. +, adánā RV. — [1.] adasva E. [*Perf.* āda, āditha.] *Aor.* 1. adyāsam JUB. [— 3. ādidat.] *Fut.* 1. atsyati B.S. [— 2. attā.] *Verb.* áttum v. +, -tave v., -tos B.; attváya B. *Sec. Conj.*: *Pass.* adyáte etc. B. + — *Caus.* ādayati B. +, adayate etc. s. *Deriv.*: -ád v. + attí B. attrín RV. -advan v. -ada AV.+ attavya c. áttri (átri) v. + -advara ÇE. -adaka E. + attṛ́ AV. + ánna v. + ādana RV. -adana B. + átra RV. ádman V.B.S. ādín v. + adanīya c. attrá v. -ádya v. + ādyà AV. +

c4.28

√ an, ‘breathe’.

c4.29

*Pres.* [2.] ániti etc. (anánti anyát ánīt) v. + — [1.] ánati (anet ana ānat ánant) etc. AV.B., -te JB. — [6.] anáti (3s.) AV. *Perf.* āna v. *Aor.* 5. āniṣus AV. *Fut.* 1. aniṣyati B. [— 2. anitā.] *Verb.* anita B.; anitum B.; -anya B.; -ānam B.S. *Sec. Conj.*: [*Desid.* aniniṣat-. —] *Caus.* ānayati etc. AV. +, -te E. *Deriv.*: aná B.U. -ánana RV. ánila B. + āná v. + -anátha vs. ānana E. +

c4.30

√ am, ‘injure’.

c4.31

*Pres.* [2.] amíṣi amíti amánti āmīt amāte amíṣva v.B. — [1.] áme etc. v.B. *Perf.* āmire ÇB. [emāna] emuṣá? RV. (emūṣá ÇB.) *Aor.* 3. āmamat etc. v.B. *Verb.* [ānta, amita.] *Sec. Conj.*: *Pass.* amyate MS. — *Caus.* āmáyati etc. v.B. *Deriv.*: áma v.B. -ámana ÇB. āmá? v. + -āmayitnu v. amáti v.B. aminá RV. ámana? AV.MS. ámati v.B. ámīva v. + -ámaya v. + ámatra RV. amla? E. + -ámis? RV.

c4.32

√ ay, see √ 1 i.

c4.33

√ arc, ṛc, ‘shine, praise’. Pres. [1.] árcati etc. v.+, arce RV¹. — arcase (1s.) RV¹. Perf. ānarca E.+, ānṛcús v., ānarcus E.+, ānṛce RV¹. [Aor. árcicat, ārcīt.] Fut. arcisyati c. (ārkṣyánt ? ҫB.) Verb. arcita E.; arcitum E.; arcitvā E.; -arcya E.+; ṛcáse RV. Sec. Conj.: Pass. ṛcyáte v. [— Desid. arciciṣa-.] — Caus. arcayati -te etc. v.+ (arcyate E.) Deriv.: árc RV. arcatra- RV. arcí v.+ -ṛca AV.+ arká v.+ arcátri RV. arcín RV. -ṛcas RV. arcá B.+ arcana E.+ arcitṛ E. -ṛkti? RV. (suv-) arcaka c. arcanīya E.+ arcís v.+ ṛkvá RV. arcya E.+ arcanánas v. ṛ́c v.+ ṛ́kvan v.

c4.34

√ arj, see √ 1 ṛj, ṛñj.

c4.35

√ art, see √ ṛt.

c4.36

√ arh, ‘deserve’ etc. Pres. [1.] árhati etc. v.+, -te etc. E.+ Perf. ānr̥hús TS¹., arhire RV¹. [Aor. etc. arhyāsam, ārhi, ārjihat, ārhīt; arhiṣyati, arhitā.] Verb. arháse RV¹. Sec. Conj.: [Desid. arjihiṣa-.] — Caus. arhayati etc. s.+ Deriv.: arghá v.+ -árha B.+ arhánā v.+ -arghya c. arhaṇa c. arhaṇīya c.

c4.37

√ av, ‘favor’. Pres. [1.] ávati etc. v.+ Perf. áva ávitha etc. v.+ Aor. 1. avyās -āt v.B.S. — 5. ávīt etc. (aviḍḍhi etc. aviṣat etc.) v.B.S. Fut. 1. aviṣyáti v.B. — 2. avitā c. Verb. -ūta RV.; ávitave v.B.; -ávya RV. Sec. Conj.: Caus. āvayas -at v.B.U. Deriv.: áva RV. avitṛ v.B.S. ávi? v.+ oma RV. avana c. -avitra B.S. -avī? v. óman v.B. ávas v.B. áviṣṭha RV. ūtí v.+ omán v.+ avis-? RV. úma v.B.S. Common in v.; quite rare in later language.

c4.38

√ 1 aҫ, aṅҫ, ‘attain’. Pres. [5.] aҫnóti aҫnuté etc. v.+ — [9?] aҫniyāt, aҫnīs M. Perf. ānánҫa ānaҫús etc. v.+, ānaҫé etc. v.+ (ānaҫa ānaҫma ānaҫyām anāҫāmahāi RV., ānaҫadhve s.) — āҫatus etc. āҫāthe etc. RV.

c4.39

Aor. 1. áṣṭa áçata aṣṭa v.B., açyát açitá etc. v.B., aṣṭu B. [āçi.] — 2. açema RV., açemahi sv. [— 3. āçiçat.] — 4. ákṣi B., ákṣat RV. (cf. √ akṣ). [— 5. āçiṣṭa.]

c4.40

Fut. 1. [açiṣyate] aṇuviṣyāmahe çB¹. [— 2. açitā, aṣṭā.]

c4.41

Verb. aṣṭum K.; áṣṭave v.B., aṣṭavāi jB.s.; açitum E.; -aṣṭa v.B.

c4.42

[Sec. Conj.: açāçya-; āçiṣa-; āçaya-.]

c4.43

Deriv.: ánça v.+ açana B.+ -aṇuva AGS. -āça ççs. áṣṭi v.+ açī- vs¹. -aṇuvín vs. āçā v.+

c4.44

Compare √ 1 akṣ and √ 2 naç (to which latter the forms ānat etc. are here referred). Derivatives more doubtfully referable to this root are:

c4.45

áçan RV. áçman v.+ áçva v.+ āçú v.+ açáni v.+ áçri v.+ áṣṭrā v.+ áçīyas B. áçna RV. áçru v.+ āçiná RV. áçiṣṭha v.B.U.

c4.46

√ 2 aç, ‘eat’.

c4.47

Pres. [9.] açnáti (açāna) açnīte etc. v.+ — [1.] aça R¹.

c4.48

Perf. áça v.+ (-açvāns B.)

c4.49

Aor. 1. açyát. — 3. āçiçat. — 5. áçīt etc. v.+

c4.50

Fut. 1. açiṣyáti etc. B.+ [— 2. açitā.]

c4.51

Verb. açitá v.+; açitum u.; açitvá B.+; -áçya B.

c4.52

Sec. Conj.: Pass. açyáte av.+ [— Int. açāçya-.] — Desid. áçiçisati etc. B.+ — Caus. āçayati B.+ (āçita RV.); açāpaya- MGS.

c4.53

Deriv.: -áç AV. açitavyà B.+ áçna v. -āçi s. -áçana v.+ açitṛ AV.+ aṇi TA. āçyà AV.?+ açaná B.U. açitra B.+ -āça E.+ áçiṣṭha B. -açanīya s.+ açúṣa RV. -āçaka B. açiçisu s. -āçin B.+ āçayitavya B.

c4.54

Doubtless ultimately the same with √ 1 aç.

c4.55

√ 1 as, ‘be’.

c4.56

Pres. [2.] ásti sánti etc. (edhí) v.+ (sva sma smahe asate M., syāmahe c¹.)

c4.57

Perf. āsa ásitha etc. v.+

c4.58

Deriv.: ásu v.+ ásta v.+ -asti v.+ -āsa (itiha-) AV.+ stí v.B.

c4.59

√ 2 as, ‘throw’.

c4.60

Pres. [4.] ásyati etc. v.+, asyate etc. RV.B. — [1.] asati etc. RV¹. (? asan) E.+

c4.61

Perf. āsa etc. RV.+, āse RV¹.

c4.62

Aor. 1. asyāt R¹.; āsi c¹. — 2. āsthat etc. AV¹. K¹.C. (? see √ sthā). [— 3. āsiṣat. — 5. āsiṣṭa.]

c4.63

Fut. 1. asiṣyáti etc. v.+ [— 2. asitā.]

c4.64

Verb. asta v.+, asita R¹.; ástave B., -tavāi B.; asitum E¹.; asitvā s.; -ásya v.+; -ásam B.S.U.

c4.65

Sec. Conj.: Pass. asyate etc. AV.+ [— Desid. asisiṣa-.] — Caus. āsayati etc. E.+

c4.66

Deriv.: -ás v. ásana v.+ asaná RV. -asanīya c. así? v.+ ásira RV¹. ásiṣṭha v. -asti c. -astavya c. ástr v.B. astrá v.+ -asya B.+ -asyā E.+ asrá TB¹. -āsa AV.+ -āsin AV.+ āsyà AV. -āsana c.

c4.67

√ ah, ‘say’. Perf. áha āhús v.+, āttha āhatus B.+ Deriv. -āha? PB¹. If nirāha is from this root, then perhaps svāhā v.+ is also to be referred to it.

c4.68

√ āñch, ‘tear’. Pres. [1.] āñchati c. Deriv. āñchana c. Found only in the Suçruta, and doubtless artificial.

c4.69

√ āp, ‘obtain’. Pres. [5.] āpnóti etc. AV.+, āpnute E. Perf. ápa āpitha etc. v.+, āpiré āpāná RV. Aor. 1. āpi B.+ — 2. ápat etc. v.+ (apeyam AV.) — 3. āpipan ÇB. (āpīpipat BAU.) — 4. āpsīs E. Fut. 1. āpsyati B.+, -te B.R. — 2. āptá B. Verb. āptá v.+; áptum B.+; āptvá B.+; -āpya B.+ Sec. Conj.: Pass. āpyáte etc. B.+ — Desid. ípsati etc. AV.+, īpsate etc. B.E. (āipsīt etc. B.) — Caus. āpayati etc. B.+, -te etc. E. (āpipayiṣet ÇB.) Deriv.: -āpa B.+ -āpaka E.+ -āpin U.+ āpyà AV.+ āpana v.+ -āpanīya S.+ āpaneya U¹. āpí v.+ ápti AV.+ āptavya U.+ -āptṛ c. āpnāna? RV.S. -āpayitavya u.c. āpayitṛ U. īpsā E.+ -īpsin U. īpsu S.+ āpipayiṣu E. To a more original form of the root (āp is perhaps ā + ap) doubtless belong also: ápas v. apás v.B. ápnas, apna- RV. -apta (? án-) RV. BR. regard apás at RV. iii. 6.7 as a verb-form from this simpler root.

c4.70

√ ār, ‘praise’ (?). Pres. [4.] áryanti RV². Verb. āritá RV. Is perhaps a form of ā + √ṛ, ‘resort to, have recourse to’; áryanti in both occurrences is accented as if it contained a preposition.

c4.71

√ ās, ‘sit’. Pres. [2.] áste etc. (ásīna) v.+ (āsánā RV².), āsti E. — [1.] āsati -te etc. E.+ — [4.] āsyati -te etc. E.

c4.72

Perf. āsāṃ cakre etc. B.+, āsāṃ cakāra E. Aor. 5. āsiṣṭa etc. B.S. Fut. 1. āsiṣyate etc. B.+, -yáti TS. [— 2. āsita.] Verb. āsitá B.+; āsitum B.+, āstum K.; āsitvá B.S.; -āsya c. Sec. Conj.: Pass. āsyate E. + [— Desid. āsisiṣa.-] — Caus. āsayati B. Deriv.: āsá v.B. -āsya U.+ -āsanīya c. -āsti c. -āsā U. āsyā E.+ āsitavyà B.+ -āsaka E.+ āsana AV.+ -āsitṛ E.

c4.73

√ 1 i, ī, ay, ‘go’.

c4.74

Pres. [2.] éti yánti etc. v.+, -ité -iyate etc. B.+ — [1.] áyate etc. v.+, ayati etc. AV.?,+ — [4.] íyate etc. V.B.C. — [5.] see √ 2 i. — iye RV¹. iyāte RV¹., ímahe v.B., iyáná v.+, íyatí RV¹., -iyánt ҫB.M. (imi TA¹.; āitat AV¹.; yan RV¹.; īyáná SV¹.; íyámāna ҫB.; īmahi c.) Perf. iyáya īyús etc. v.+ [iyayitha] (iyétha v.B., iyátha v.) — -ayāṃ cakre E.+ Aor. 1. īyāt etc. E.+ (iyāsam GGS.) [— 4. (adhy-) āiṣṭa. — 5. āyiṣṭa.] Fut. 1. eṣyáti etc. AV.+, -te etc. B.+; ayiṣyati etc. B.+ — 2. etá etc. B.+ Verb. itá v.+, -ita c.; étum B.+, étave étavāī v.B., étos v.B.S.; itvá B.U.; -ítya v.+, -īya c.; -áyya B.; áyase, ityāī, iyádhyāī RV.; -áyam v.B. Sec. Conj.: Pass. īyate c. — Int. īyāyate PU¹. — [Desid. ayiyiṣate, iyiṣati. —] Caus. (praty-) āyayati etc. (-āyyate) c.; (adhy-) āpayati -te etc. TA.E.+ [āpipat.] Deriv.: áya v.+ -it B.+ -etu RV. -āpaka c. ayátha RV.S. ítí v.+ etavyà B.+ -āpya c. áyana v.+ ití v.B. etṛ v.+ -āpana E.+ -āya v.+ -itya B.S. éma vs. -āpayitṛ c. -áyin AV.+ ityá v.B. éman RV. -áyana AV.U. -ítvan v. -eya E.+ -āyaka c. āyú v.+ itvará RV.C. éva v.B. -āyana E. áyu v.+ -itha RV. -ăyitavya c. áyus v.+ īti E.+ -áyuka B. īya- RV.

c4.75

The last three derivatives only with prati; the four preceding, only with adhi.

c4.76

The forms most distinctly calling for the admission of a root-form ī are, in the older language, ímahe v.B. (common in RV.), īyām and īyāta and īyus B.U., īyáná SV. (all single occurrences); in the later language, -ita, iti, -īya (all rare or sporadic). The present-stem íya is improperly called intensive.

c4.77

√ 2 i, inv, in, ‘send’.

c4.78

Pres. [5.] inóti etc. (invire) RV. — [1.] ínvati etc. v. — [9.] inīmasi ? SV¹. Verb. -inita ҫB.

c4.79

Deriv.: iná RV.c. -inva v.B. invaká B.+ énas v.+ Doubtless the same with the preceding root.

c4.80

√ iñg, ‘stir’.

c4.81

Pres. [1.] iñgati -te E.+ Verb. iñgita E.+ Sec. Conj.: Caus. iñgáyati etc. v.+ (iñgyáte ÇB.) Deriv.: iñga E.+ iñgana s.+ iñgya c. iñjanā c. Isolated forms as if from iñg, iñk, iñj are found in the Brāhmaṇas.

c4.82

√ ich, see √ 1 iṣ.

c4.83

√ iṭ.

c4.84

A root iṭ, ‘wander’, is assumed by BR. on account of the proper name iṭant in KB., and the doubtful and obscure iṭátas at RV. x. 171.1 — which latter, however, is shown by its accent to be no participle.

c4.85

√ iḍ.

c4.86

A root iḍ is perhaps to be assumed on account of the nouns íḍ v.+ and íḍā v.+

c4.87

√ idh, indh, ‘kindle’.

c4.88

Pres. [1.] inddhé indháte etc. v.+ (indhaté RV., índhāna v.; iṅkṣva AB.; inttām TA.) Perf. īdhé īdhiré RV.ÇB. [— indhāṃ cakre.] Aor. 1. idhaté? RV¹., idhīmahi v., idhānā v. — 5. āindhiṣṭa etc. B., indhiṣīya TS., idhiṣīmahi s. Fut. 1. indhiṣyant s. [— 2. indhitā.] Verb. iddhá v.+; -idhya s.+; -ídham, -ídhe RV. Sec. Conj.: Pass. idhyáte etc. v.+ [— Desid. indidhiṣa-.] — Caus. indhita c. Deriv.: -idh v.+ -ídhya TS. édha v.+ índha v.B. -iddhi B. -idhra? v.+ édhas AV.+ -indhaka E. idhmá v.+ -edhṛ RV. indhana v.+

c4.89

√ in, inv, see √ 2 i.

c4.90

√ inakṣ, see √ 2 naç.

c4.91

√ iyakṣ, see √ yaj.

c4.92

√ irajy, see √ ṛj.

c4.93

√ iradh, see √ rādh.

c4.94

√ il, ‘be quiet’. Pres. [6.] ilati etc. c. [Perf. etc. iyela, āilīt, eliṣyati, elitā.] Sec. Conj.: Caus. iláyati etc. AV.B.S. (āilayīt AV.; ilitá ҫB.) Deriv.: -ilaya B.S. In TS., iláyanti is once read.

c4.95

√ 1 iṣ, ich, ‘seek, desire’. Pres. [6.] icháti -te etc. v.+ — [1.] -eṣati -te etc. E.+ — [6.] -iṣa -iṣant E.+ — [4.] -iṣyati E.+ Perf. iyeṣa iṣús, iṣe iṣire etc. B.+ Aor. [3.] āiṣiṣat. — 5. āiṣīt āiṣiṣus etc. B.U. Fut. 1. eṣiṣyati etc. B., -te B. [— 2. eṣitā, eṣtā.] Verb. iṣṭá v.+; iṣṭum B.+, -ṭavāí ҫB., eṣitum R.; [iṣitvā, iṣṭvā;] -iṣya v.+ Sec. Conj.: Pass. iṣyate etc. E.+, -ti E. [— Desid. eṣiṣiṣa-.] — Caus. eṣayati etc., eṣita c. (ichayāmi R¹.) Deriv.: -ichaka E.+ iṣirá v.B. -eṣaka E. éṣaṇā B.+ ichā E.+ iṣṭí v.B. eṣin AV.+ eṣaṇīya c. ichu s.+ iṣmín RV. -eṣya AB. eṣṭavyà B.+ íṣ v.B. éṣa v.+ eṣyà v.+ eṣitavya c. -iṣa RV. eṣá RV. éṣaṇa v.+ -eṣṭṛ E. iṣí v. Compare the roots 2 iṣ and īṣ, eṣ. The present-stems eṣa, iṣa, iṣya only later, unusual, and with certain prepositions.

c4.96

√ 2 iṣ, ‘send’. Pres. [9.] iṣṇáti etc. (iṣāṇa) v.B.S. — [4.] íṣyati -te etc. v.+ — [6.] iṣe etc. RV. Perf. iṣáthus iṣus RV., iṣiré AV. Aor. 5. prāiṣīt E.+ (aprāiṣīt M.) [Fut. eṣiṣyati, eṣitā.] Verb. iṣitá v.+; [iṣitvā;] -íṣya B.+; -éṣam B.; iṣádhyāi RV. Sec. Conj.: [Desid. eṣiṣiṣa-.] — Caus. iṣáyati -te etc. (iṣayádhyāi RV.) — -eṣayati -te etc. E.+ (eṣyate E.) Deriv.: iṣáṇi RV. -eṣa v.+ -eṣya B.+ eṣitavya B.C. íṣu v.+ -eṣaka E. -eṣaṇa E.+ -eṣayitṛ E. Doubtless the same with √ 1 iṣ, with causative meaning. In later language, almost only preṣaya. The derivatives hardly occur except with pra.

c4.97

√ ī, see √ 1 i.

c4.98

√ īkṣ, ‘see’. Pres. [1.] īkṣate etc. v.+, -ti etc. B.+ Perf. īkṣāṃ cakre etc. B.+, īkṣāṃ cakrus E.

c4.99

Aor. 1. āikṣi c. — [3. āicikṣat. —] 5. āikṣiṣi etc. B. (āikṣīt c.?) Fut. 1. īkṣiṣyáte etc. B.+, -yáti B. [— 2. īkṣitā.] Verb. īkṣitá B.+; īkṣitum E.+; īkṣitvā B.; -īkṣya B.+; -īkṣam B.S. Sec. Conj.: Pass. īkṣyate etc. S. + — Desid. īcikṣiṣa- (in d.). — Caus. īkṣá-yati etc. v. +, -te av. (īkṣyate s.) Deriv.: īkṣa B.+ | īkṣin E.+ | īkṣaṇa RV.? S.+ | -īkṣitavyà B. + īkṣā B.+ | -īkṣya E.+ | īkṣaṇīya E.+ | īkṣitṛ c. īkṣaka B.+ | īkṣeṇyà RV. | īcikṣiṣu c. Only three occurrences in RV., but growing rapidly common. Active forms sporadic.

c4.100

√ īṅkh, ‘swing’. Pres. [1.] īṅkhati etc. c., -te AA. Sec. Conj.: Caus. īṅkháyati -te etc. v. + Deriv.: -īṅkha v.+ | -īṅkhana c. | -īṅkhaya RV. The form eṅkṣva AB. is false.

c4.101

√ īj, see √ ej.

c4.102

√ īḍ, ‘praise’. Pres. [2.] īṭṭe īḍate etc. (īḍiṣva) v.B. — [1.] īḍāmahe v., īḍamāna s. Perf. īḍé RV., īḍire E.+ [— īḍāṁ cakre.] [Aor. etc. āiḍiṣṭa; īḍiṣyate, īḍitā.] Verb. īḍitá v.+; īḍitum c. Sec. Conj.: Pass. īḍyate c. [— Desid. īḍiḍiṣa-.] — Caus. āiḍayan c. Deriv.: īḍ RV. | īḍya v.+ | īḍitavya B. | īḍénya v.B. | īḍitṛ AV. Only a few sporadic occurrences in the later language.

c4.103

√ īr, ‘set in motion’. Pres. [2.] īrte īrate etc. v.B. (īráte B.) — [1.] āírat etc. RV., írate (3s.) AV. Perf. īriré v. (erire RV.) [— īrāṁ cakre.] [Aor. etc. āirirat, āiriṣṭa; īriṣyate, īritā.] Verb. īrṇá B.+ Sec. Conj.: Caus. īráyati etc. v.+, -te etc. v.B. (īryate etc. B.+; īritá v.+; īryant M.; īrayádhyāi RV.) Deriv.: īra E.+ | īrya B. | īrin E.+ | īraṇa E.+ | -iritṛ U. -īraka c. | īryā c. | -īraṇīya c. | īrmá v.B. The form īryayati, doubtless false, is found once in ¢B.

c4.104

√ īrṣy, ‘be jealous’. Pres. [1.] īrṣyati etc. B.S. Verb. īrṣyita c. Deriv.: īrṣyá AV.+ | īrṣyin c. | īrṣyú AV.+ | īrṣyitavya c. īrṣyaka c. | īrṣyālu c.

c4.105

Evidently a secondary root, but of doubtful origin (BR., from irasy). Not seldom written without the y in later works.

c4.106

√ īç, ‘be master’. Pres. [2.] īṣṭe īçate etc. (2s. íkṣe RV., íçiṣe RV.S.; íçe 3s. V.B., īçite U.; īçidhve AV.) v. + — [1.] īçate īçata V.B.U. Perf. īçire? RV. [— īçāṃ cakre.] [Aor. āiçiṣṭa.] Fut. 1. īçiṣyati U., -te B. [— 2. īçitā.] Verb. īçita U. Deriv.: īç B. īçá AV.+ īçana U. īçitṛ U.+ īçvará AV.+ īçā B.+ īçin U.+ īçitavya C. -īçu V.+

c4.107

√ īṣ, eṣ, ‘move’. Pres. [1.] īṣate etc. V.B., -ti etc. V.B.U. — eṣati etc. AV. Perf. iṣé RV. (āíyes plpf. RV.¹) [— īṣāṃ cakre.] [Aor. etc. āiṣiṣṭa; īṣiṣyate; īṣitā.] Verb. -īṣita V.B. Deriv.: īṣá ? RV. eṣá RV. -eṣṭi C. eṣṭṛ B.S. Doubtless ultimately one with √ 1, 2 iṣ.

c4.108

√ īh, ‘be eager’. Pres. [1.] īhate etc. B.+, -ti E.+ [Perf. etc. īhāṃ cakre; āijihat, āihiṣṭa; īhiṣyate, īhitā.] Verb. īhita E.+; īhitum C. [Sec. Conj.: Desid. ijihiṣa-. — Caus. īhaya-.] Deriv.: -īha C. īhā E.+ -īhana E. ehá AV. -ehas V.+

c4.109

√ u, ‘proclaim’. Pres. [2.] uve RV.¹ — [5.] unoti RV.¹. [— 1. avate.] [Perf. etc. etc. ūve; āuṣṭa; oṣyate, otā; ūṣiṣa-, āvaya-.] Extremely doubtful root; uvé is possibly interjection (Bö.); vyùnoti is perhaps for víyunoti; and the pple óta, put here by BR., doubtless belongs to √ vā, ‘weave’.

c4.110

√ 1 ukṣ, ‘sprinkle’. Pres. [6.] ukṣáti etc. V.+, -te etc. V.+ [Perf. ukṣāṃ cakāra.] Aor. 5. āukṣiṣam etc. B. Fut. 1. ukṣiṣyati etc. B.S. [— 2. ukṣitā.] Verb. ukṣitā V.+; -ukṣya B.+ Sec. Conj.: Pass. ukṣyate etc. B.+; Caus. ukṣayati etc. S.+

c4.111

Deriv.: -ukṣ RV. úkṣaṇa AV.+ -ukṣitavya B.C. uṣṭṛ RV¹. -ukṣa B.S. ukṣaṇīya JB. úṣṭr B.S. úṣṭra V.+ ukṣán V.+ Whether ukṣán and uṣṭṛ etc. belong here, is very doubtful.

c4.112

√ 2 ukṣ, vakṣ, ‘grow’, see √ vakṣ.

c4.113

√ uc, ‘be pleased’.

c4.114

Pres. [4.] ucyati etc. V.B. Perf. uvócitha uvóca, ūciṣé RV. [Aor. etc. āucīt; uciṣyati, ucitā.] Verb. ucitá V.+ [ocitvā.] Deriv.: -óka RV. okyà RV. ókas V.+ okivā́ns RV¹. -ócana V. -ocara AV.

c4.115

√ uch, see √ 1 vas.

c4.116

√ ujh, ‘forsake’.

c4.117

Pres. [6.] ujhati etc. E.+ Perf. ujhāṁ cakāra C. Aor. 5. āujhīt C. [Fut. ujhiṣyati, ujhitā.] Verb. ujhita E.+; ujhitum C.; -ujhya C. Deriv.: -ujha S.+ ujhana C. ujhiti PB. A secondary root, coming from ud + √ hā (ujjahāmi etc.).

c4.118

√ uñch, ‘glean’.

c4.119

Pres. [6?] uñchati etc. S.+ [Perf. etc. uñchāṁ cakāra; āuñchīt; uñchiṣyati, uñchitā.] Verb. uñchitum C.; -uñchya C. [Sec. Conj.: Desid. uñcichiṣa-. — Caus. uñchaya-.] Deriv.: uñcha S.+ uñchana C.

c4.120

√ ud, und, ‘wet’.

c4.121

Pres. [7.] unátti undánti etc. V.B.S., undáte (3 p.) AV. — [6.] undati etc. B.S. Perf. ūdus AV. [— undāṁ cakāra.] [Aor. etc. āundidat, āundīt; undiṣyati, unditā.] Verb. utta B., unna S.C.; -údya B.S. Sec. Conj.: Pass. udyate RV. [— Desid. undidiṣa-. — Caus. undaya-.] Deriv.: úd RV. udani- RV. -udra V.+ ódati RV. udaká V.+ -uditr C. útsa V.+ odaná V.+ udán, uda V.+ údman B. úndana B.+ ódman B.

c4.122

√ ubj, ‘force’.

c4.123

Pres. [6.] ubjáti etc. V.B.S. [Perf. etc. ubjāṁ cakāra; āubjijat, āubjīt; ubjiṣyati, ubjitā.]

c4.124

Verb. ubjitá AV.B.; -ubjya JB. [Sec. Conj.: Desid. ubjijiṣa-. — Caus. ubjaya-.] Deriv.: -udga? B.+ ubja RV.? B.+ -ubji- PB.

c4.125

√ ubh, umbh, ‘confine’.

c4.126

Pres. [9.] āubhnāt ubhnás RV. — [7.] unap RV., āumbhan TS. — [6.] umbhata (2p.) AV., āumbhat MS.[; ubhati.] [Perf. etc. uvobha, umbhāṃ cakāra; āubhīt, āumbhīt; ubhiṣyati umbhiṣyati, ubhitā umbhitā.] Verb. ubdhá RV.B., umbhita C.; -ubhya S. Deriv. -úmbhana TS.

c4.127

√ uṣ, ‘shine’, see √ 1 vas.

c4.128

√ uṣ, ‘burn’.

c4.129

Pres. [1.] óṣati etc. V.+ — [9.] uṣṇán, uṣṇánt RV¹. Perf. uvoṣa CB. [— oṣāṃ cakāra.] Aor. 5. āuṣīt etc. B.S. [Fut. 1. oṣiṣyati. — 2. oṣitā.] Verb. uṣṭa B.S.; [oṣitvā;] -oṣya TS.; -uṣas K.; óṣam CB. Sec. Conj.: Pass. uṣyate etc. C. [— Desid. oṣiṣiṣa-. — Caus. oṣaya-.] Deriv.: úṣa? RV., uṣṇá V.+ -uṣyá CB. oṣá, -óṣa V.+ uṣā C. -uṣṇi TA. ūṣmán V.+ -óṣas RV. uṣman E.+ oṣiṣṭha B. Apparently a differentiated form of √ 1 vas, which see.

c4.130

√ 1 ūrṇu, see √ 1 vṛ.

c4.131

√ 1 ūh, ‘remove’.

c4.132

Pres. [1.] ūhati V.+, -te V.+ [Perf. ūhāṃ cakāra.] Aor. 1. uhyāt CB.; ohi C. [— 3. āujihat.] — 5. āuhīt B. Verb. ūḍha B.+, ūhita C.; ūhitum E.+, oḍhum E.+, -ūhitavāí B.; -ūhya B.+, -úhya B.+; -óham RV., -úham MS. Sec. Conj.: Pass. uhyate B.+, ūhyate C. — Caus. ūhayati C. Deriv.: ūha AV.+ ūhyà B.+ ūhanīya S.+ ūḍhi C. -ūhaka C. ūhana S.+ ūhitavya C. -oha RV. -oghas? RV. Doubtless a differentiated form of √ vah, from which in some forms and meanings it is hardly to be separated.

c4.133

√ 2 ūh, ‘consider’.

c4.134

Pres. [1.] óhate etc. V. — [2.] óhate (3p.) óhāna oháná RV. — [1.] ūhati C., -te E. — ohiṣe (1s.) RV¹. Perf. ūhé etc. V. [— ūhāṃ cakre.] Aor. [3. āujihat. —] 5. āuhiṣṭa V.

c4.135

[Fut. ūhiṣyate, ūhitā.] Verb. ūhitum c.; -ūhya c. Sec. Conj.: [Desid. ūjihiṣa-. —] Caus. ūhayati etc. E. Deriv.: ūha E.+ ūhana c. ūhitavya c. óhas RV. ūhya c. ūhanīya A. óha-? RV. óhasāna RV. Probably ‘bear in mind’, and so originally identical with 1 ūh and vah.

c4.136

√ ṛ, ṛch, ‘go, send’. Pres. [6.] ṛcháti etc. v.+, -te etc. ҫB.E.; archati etc. U.E. — [3.] íyarti etc. (iyárṣi) v.B. — [5.] ṛnóti etc. ṛnve etc. v. — ṛnváti etc. RV. — [6.] rante ranta RV., ránti? sv. — [9.] ṛṇāti.] — [2.] árti ts. Perf. āra (áritha) árús etc. v.+; ānarchat M¹. [— arām cakāra.] Aor. 1. ārta ārata etc. (aryāt ts., arīta RV.; arāṇá RV.) v.B. — 2. árat etc. v.B. (aranta arāmahi v.) [— 4. ārṣīt.] Fut. 1. ariṣyati B. [— 2. artā.] Verb. ṛtá v.+, arṇa c.; ártos B.; -ṛtvá AV.B.; -ṛtya AV.; -áram RV. Sec. Conj.: [Pass. aryate. —] Intens. álarti etc. RV. [arāryate etc. — Desid. aririṣa-. —] Caus. arpáyati etc. v.+, -te c. (arpipam AV.; arpayitā E.; arpitá árpita v.+; -árpya v.+; arpyate c.) Deriv.: ará, ára v.+ árṇa v.+ árya v.+ rátha v.+ aryá, árya v.B.S. árṇas RV. iras- RV. -arpaka c. áraṇa v.+ ártha v.+ íriṇa v.+ -arpya c. aráṇi v.+ -arman, árma v.+ írya v. árpaṇa v.+ aratí RV. árvan,-arva v.+ -ṛchā u.+ arpaṇīya c. arí v.+ árvant v.B. ṛtí, ṛti v.+ -arpitṛ E.+ aritṛ RV. ārā v.+ ṛtú v.+ -arpayitṛ ҫB. arítra, áritra v.+ -ārin B. -ṛtha v. -arpayitavya c. áruka TA. ṛṇá v.+

c4.137

√ ṛc, see √ arc.

c4.138

√ ṛj, ṛñj, arj, ‘direct, stretch, attain’. Pres. [7.] ṛñjate (3p.) RV. — [6.] ṛñjáti -áte etc. RV. AA. — [4.] ṛjyant, ṛjyate RV. — ṛñjase (1s.) ṛñjasánā RV. — [1.] árjati B.U.C. Perf. [ānarjus] ānṛjús AV¹. ? Aor. [3. ārjijat. — 5. ārjiṣṭa.] [Fut. arjiṣyati, arjitā.] Verb. ṛñjáse RV¹. Sec. Conj.: [Pass. ṛjyate. — Desid. arjijiṣa-. —] Caus. arjayati -te etc. s.E.+ Deriv.: arjaka c. ṛjipyá RV. ṛjíyas v. -arjya c. ṛjíçvan RV. ṛjú v.+ arjana E.+ ṛjípín RV. ráji RV. arjanīya c. ṛjiṣá RV. rájiṣṭha RV.B. -arjayitṛ c. ṛjūnas RV. rajīyas JB. -ṛṅga RV. rāji AV.+

c4.139

It seems impossible to divide these forms (generally distributed to two different roots) from one another. The root has three well-marked stages of development: ṛj or ṛñj in RV., arj in Brāh., and arjaya in the later language. Compare also √rāj, probably a derivative from it. With it is related, further, the anomalously formed stem irajya (irajyáti -te etc. RV., and irajyú RV.), ‘direct, rule’.

c4.140

√ 2 ṛj, ‘shine’.

c4.141

Inferable from the derivatives: árjuna v.+ -ṛjīká v. ṛjíti RV. ṛjrá RV.

c4.142

√ ṛt, art, ‘pursue’.

c4.143

Aor. 5. artiḍhvam PB¹. Fut. artiṣye AV¹. Deriv.: artaná VS¹. -artitṛ v¹. ártuka CB¹. A very doubtful root; ánvartiṣye and anvartitṛ apparent contractions for anu-vart-; and Bö. amends artiḍhvam to arthi- (but??). But artana and artuka seem to show that the thing had assumed the value of a root.

c4.144

√ ṛd, ard, ‘stir, dissolve’.

c4.145

Pres. [6.] ṛdantu árdan RV. — [1.] árdati etc. AV.+ [— 7. ṛṇatti.] [Perf. etc. ānarda; ārdidat, ārdit; ardiṣyati, arditā.] Verb. arṇṇa? CB. Sec. Conj.: [Desid. ardidiṣa-. —] Caus. ardáyati etc. ([āṛdayīt] ardyate ardita) v.+ Deriv.: -ardaka c. -ardin c. ardana E.+ Of perplexing variety of meanings.

c4.146

√ ṛdh, ‘thrive’.

c4.147

Pres. [5.] ṛdhnóti etc. v.+ — [7.] ṛṇádhat ṛndhyām ṛndhánt v. — [4.] ṛdhyate -ti v.+ (Pass.?). Perf. ṛdhús AV., ṛndhe RV.CB. Aor. 1. árdhma B.S., ṛdháthe RV., ṛdhyám etc. v.B.S., ṛdhyásam etc. AV.B.S., ṛdhīmáhi RV., ṛdhánt RV.; árdhi B. — 2. ṛdhet ṛdhema AV.CB. — [3. ārdidhat. —] 5. [ārdhīt] ārdhiṣṭa MS. Fut. 1. ardhiṣyate CB. — 2. ardhita JB. Verb. ṛddha AV.+ [ṛddhvā, ardhitvā.] Sec. Conj.: Pass. ṛdhyate etc. v.+, ṛdhyant M. — Desid. írtsati etc. (āírt-sīt etc.) AV.CB. [ardidhiṣa-.] — Caus. ardháyati etc. AV.+ Deriv.: árdha? v.+ -ardhi RV. -ṛdha RV. ṛdhnuka AGS. ardhá? v.+ árdhuka B.S. ṛdhat, ṛdhak? v.B. -írtsā AV. árdhya RV. -ṛdh v.s. ṛddhi AV.+ -ardhayitṛ u.s. Compare roots vṛdh and rādh.

c4.148

√ r̥c (?), ‘harm’.

c4.149

Perhaps to be inferred from the derivatives: -arça RV. -arçani RV. arças VS.+ arçasáná RV. r̥kṣa V.+ -r̥kṣara V. r̥kṣikā AV.B.

c4.150

√ r̥ṣ, ‘rush, push’.

c4.151

Pres. [1.] árṣati etc. (arṣase AV.) V.B. — [6.] r̥ṣáti etc. V.B.S. Perf. ānarṣat TA. [Aor. etc. ārṣit; arṣiṣyati, arṣitā.] Verb. r̥ṣṭa V.B. [arṣitvā.] [Sec. Conj.: arṣiṣiṣa-; arṣaya-.] Deriv.: -arṣa B. -árṣaṇa B. arṣaṇí AV. -árṣu RV. arṣtr̥ B. r̥ṣabhá V.+ r̥ṣi V.+ r̥ṣú RV. r̥ṣtí V.+ r̥ṣvá V.B.

c4.152

Hardly calls for the usual division into two roots. Some of the derivatives doubtful.

c4.153

√ ej, īj, ‘stir’.

c4.154

Pres. [1.] ījate, ījamāna RV.; éjati etc. V.+ [Perf. etc. ejām cakāra; ājijat; ejiṣyati, ejitā.] Sec. Conj.: [Desid. ejijiṣa-. —] Caus. ejayati CB., -te C. Deriv.: ejáthu AV. -ejaya V.+

c4.155

√ edh, ‘thrive’.

c4.156

Pres. [1.] édhate etc. V.+, -ti etc. B.+ Perf. edhire C. — edhám cakrire CB., edhām babhūvire C. Aor. [3. ādidhat. —] 5. edhiṣīyá etc. AV.B. [Fut. edhiṣyate, edhitā.] Verb. edhita E.+; édhitum B.+ Sec. Conj.: Desid. edidhiṣa- (in d.). — Caus. edhayati etc. S.+ Deriv.: -edha? B.S. edhatú V.B. -edhana R. edhas S.E. edidhiṣu- VS.

c4.157

Perhaps related with r̥dh.

c4.158

√ katth, ‘boast’.

c4.159

Pres. [1.] katthate etc. E.+, -ti etc. E. [Perf. etc. cakatthe; akatthiṣṭa; katth iṣyate, katthitā.] Verb. katthita E.+; katthitum E. Sec. Conj.: Caus. katthayati E. Deriv.: -katthā E. katthaka C. -katthin E.+ katthana E.+ katthitavya C.

c4.160

A secondary prakritized root, but of unclear derivation.

c4.161

√ kad, ‘destroy’.

c4.162

Only in the deriv. kadana E.+, and in cakāda kadanam R., where cakāda is a misreading for cakāra.

c4.163

√ kan, kā, ‘be pleased, enjoy’.

c4.164

*Pres.* [4.] kāyamāna RV.¹. *Perf.* cākana cākánas *etc.* cākanyāt cākandhi *etc.* căkánanta cākán RV.; caké cakāná V.B.S. *Aor.* 5. akāniṣam kániṣas RV. *Deriv.*: kaná RV. kaniṣṭhá V.B. kanína V.+ kanyà V.+ kanaka? E.+ kániṣṭha B.+ káníyas V.+ -kāti RV. -kāyyà RV.

c4.165

Doubtless the same with the following root, kam. The stem cākán, on account of its accent, rather perfect than intensive.

c4.166

√ kam, ‘love’.

c4.167

*Perf.* cakamé *etc.* V.+ *Aor.* 3. [acakamata] acīkamata *etc.* B. [— 5. kamiṣiṣṭa.] *Fut.* 1. kamiṣyate *etc.* B. — 2. kamitā B. *Verb.* kāmta E.+ [kāmtvā, kamitvā;] -kamas B.; -kámam ÇB. *Sec. Conj.*: [Intens. caṅkam-. — Desid. cikamiṣa-. —] *Caus.* kāmáyate *etc.* V.+, -ti *etc.* E. *Deriv.*: kám? V.+ kamitṛ C. kámya V.+ kámuka B.+ kama-? V. kamra C. -kāmyá AV.+ kāmti E.+ kamana C. kāma V.+ -kāman RV.¹. kāmayitavya kamanīya C. kāmín V.+ kāmana S.+ C.

c4.168

Doubtless the same with the preceding.

c4.169

√ kamp, ‘tremble’.

c4.170

*Pres.* [1.] kampate *etc.* U.+, -ti *etc.* E. *Perf.* cakampe *etc.* E. [*Aor. etc.* acakampat, akampiṣṭa; kampiṣyate, kampitā.] *Verb.* kampita E.+ [kapita;] kampitum E., -tos B.; -kampya S.+ *Sec. Conj.*: [Int. caṅkamp-. — Desid. cikampiṣa-. —] *Caus.* kampayati *etc.* B.+, -te *etc.* U.+ (kampyate C.) *Deriv.*: kampa E.+ kampin E.+ kampanā E.+ kapaná? RV. -kampā E.+ kampya E.+ -kampanīya C. kapí? V.+ -kampaka E.+ kampana E.+ kampra S.+ képi? RV.

c4.171

√ kal, ‘drive, produce’, etc.

c4.172

[*Pres. etc.* kalate, cakale, *etc.*] *Sec. Conj.*: *Caus.* kālayati *etc.* S.+, -te *etc.* B.+ (kālyate *etc.* S.+) — kalayati *etc.* E.+, -te *etc.* E. *Deriv.*: kalá? B.+ -kalya C. -kalanīya C. -kālaka C. -kalikā C. kalana S.+ -kalayitṛ C. -kālana S.+

c4.173

Divided by BR. and Bö. into two roots: 2 kal (kālay), ‘drive’; and 1 kal (kalay), ‘drive etc. etc.’

c4.174

√ kaṣ, ‘scratch’.

c4.175

Pres. [1.] kaṣati etc. AV.+, -te etc. B.+ [Perf. etc. cakāṣa; akāṣīt.] Fut. 1. kaṣiṣyati TS. [— 2. kaṣitā.] Verb. kaṣita c.; -kāṣam s.+ Deriv.: kaṣa E.+ kaṣaṇa c. -kāṣa B.+ -kāṣin c.

c4.176

√ kas, ‘open’.

c4.177

Pres. [1.] kasati etc. AV.C. Perf. cakase c. Aor. 3. acīkasat c. [Fut. kasiṣyati, kasitā.] Verb. kasta V.B.S., kasita s.+ Sec. Conj.: [Int. canīkas-. — Desid. cikasiṣa-. —] Caus. kāsayati etc. c. (kāsyate c.) Deriv.: kasanā? c. -kasti TS. -kāsa E.+ -kāsin s.+ -kāsanīya c. -kasuka AV.+ -kasvara c. -kāsaka c. -kāsana c.

c4.178

√ kā, see √ kan.

c4.179

√ kāṅkṣ, ‘desire’.

c4.180

Pres. [1.] kāṅkṣati -te etc. B.+ Perf. cakāṅkṣa E.+ [Aor. etc. acakāṅkṣat, akāṅkṣīt; kāṅkṣiṣyati, kāṅkṣitā.] Verb. kāṅkṣita E.+ Sec. Conj.: [Int. cākāṅkṣya-. — Desid. cikāṅkṣiṣa-. —] Caus. kāṅkṣayate E. Deriv.: -kāṅkṣa c. kāṅkṣin E.+ -kāṅkṣaṇa c. kāṅkṣā E.+ -kāṅkṣya c. kāṅkṣaṇīya c. -kāṅkṣitavya c.

c4.181

Perhaps a desiderative formation from √ kan or kam.

c4.182

√ kāc, ‘appear, make a show’.

c4.183

Pres. [1.] kācate etc. B.+, -ti etc. E. Perf. cakāce etc. E.+ [— kācāṃ cakre.] [Aor. etc. acakācat, akāciṣṭa; kāciṣyate, kācitā.] Verb. kācita E.; -kācya B. Sec. Conj.: Int. cākācīti etc. V.B.U., cākaṣyáte etc. B.S. [— Desid. cikāṣiṣa-.] — Caus. kācayati AV.+, -te U.+ (kācyate E.) Deriv.: kāca v.+ -kācin E.+ -kācaṇīya c. -kācaka E.+ -kācya c. -caṅkāca AV. -kācana E.+ -kācayitavya c.

c4.184

√ kās, ‘cough’.

c4.185

Pres. [1.] kāsate etc. c., -ti c. [Perf. etc. kāsām cakre; acakāsat, akāsiṣṭa; kāsiṣyate, kāsitā; cākās-, cikāsiṣa-, kāsaya-.] Deriv.: kās av. kāsā av.c. kāsā av. kāsikā av. -kāsana c.

c4.186

Verb-forms only in the medical literature, and probably denominative, from kās or kāsā.

c4.187

√ ku, see √ kū.

c4.188

√ kuc, kuñc, ‘shrink, curl’.

c4.189

Pres. [1.] kuñcate etc. c. — [6.] kucati etc. s¹.c. Perf. cukoca c. [cukuñca.] [Aor. etc. akocīt, akuñcīt; kociṣyati kuñciṣyati, kocitā kuñcitā.] Verb. kucita E. +, kuñcita E. + Sec. Conj.: Pass. kucyate c. — [Int. cokucya-. — Desid. cukuñciṣa-. —] Caus. kuñcayati etc. E. +; kocayati etc. E. + Deriv.: kuca E. + kuñcana c. -kocaka c. -kucana c. kuñci c. -kocin c. -kuñcaka c. koca E. + -kocana E. +

Linked texts (32)

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