State and Government in Ancient India c27.28

c27.28

Madhuka trees, ownership of, 286 *Madhyama* 294 Madra republic, 121 Magician, as the first king, 34 *Mahattama*, 228-30 *Mahattara*, 228-30 *Mahattarādhikārin*, 230 *Mahāmātras*, 207, 315 Mahabharata, composite work, 10; its references to earlier discussions and authors of political science, 6-7; administrative matters discussed in, 9-10; on the origin of State, 26-28; king's election, 82 *Mahābalādhikṛita*, 195 *Mahājanasammata*, first king, 25 *Mahākshapaṭalika*, 199 *Mahāmātya*, 207, 310 *Mahāmudrādhyaksha*, 198 *Mahāprachaṇḍadaṇḍanāyaka*, 195 *Mahāpratīhāra*, 195 *Mahāsenāpati*, 195 *Mahāśvapati*, 195 *Mahavyūhapati*, 195 Mālava republic, 120-21 Malla republic, 121 *Mānasollāsa*, 21 *Maṇḍala* theory, 290-95 *Maṇḍaleśvara*, 302 Mango trees, ownership of, 286 *Maryādā-āhurya*, 196 Mattamayūrakas, 119 *Mātsyanyāya*, 27 *Maula-bala* 197 Mauryan administration, king in, 316-8; ministry in, 318-20; provincial government in, 321; district administration in, 322-3; departments in, 324; superior services under 328-9, Aśoka's innovations in, 331; as a welfare state, 332-3 Military department, 195-197, 324-25, 343; 353 Military force under civil officers, 211-15 Mines, department of, 201 ownership of, 285; taxes on or royalties from, 285 Ministers, their importance 160; their number, 165; their qualifications, 177-9; their power, 164; division of work among, 167 procedure in the meetings of, 174; revision of royal orders by, 175; their influence over king, 182-183; their appointment, 179-80; not always separate from departmental heads, 192-3; number of Brāhmaṇas among, 181; total number of, 165; relations with king, 182-3; their portfolios, 167; their secretaries, 176; in Vedic age, 161-64; in later times, 164-5, under Mauryas, 318-20; under the Guptas 343 under Harsha, 352; in provincial administration, 165, 321; minister-controlled state, 183; Mint, superintend of, 202 Mixed economy in ancient India, 384 Monarchy, types of, 36-37; disappearance of, 381 Moral order 56-7 Moriya republics, 121 *Mudrādhipa*, passport officer, 198