State and Government in Ancient India c27.41

c27.41

Sabaracae republic, 110 *Sabhā*, in Vedic times 140-1, 145; in *agrahāra* villages, 232 *Sachivāyatta-tantra*, 108, 183 *Sahanīya*, 188 Śaka-Kushāṇa age, government in, 334-338 Śākya republics, 122 Salaries of officers, 330 Salt tax, 280 *Samāhartā*, 257; 321-2 *Sāmantas*, 302 Samaya, not legislative enactments, 149-50 *Saṅgrahana* 323 *Saṁgrahītā*, a *ratnin*, 161 *Samiti* in Vedic times, 140-1; its powers, 142-3 its disappearance, 144-5 *Śaulkika*, 278 *Samrāt*, 37 *Śāntiparvan*, topics disussed in, 10 Sappers and Miners, 197 Saptagana republic, 117 *Sapta-prakṛitis*, 44-5 *Śaṅkthādhikṛita*, 199 *Śāsanaharadūta*, 301 Schools of polity, 6 Secretariat, officers, 187-8 ,, Central, its function of supervision and control, 190-1; its emissaries, 192 Secretary to ministers, 168 Self-help in adjudication, 245-1 Semi-secular literature, development of, 4-5 Sovereignty where residing, 62-3 Śibi republic, 121 Someśvara, 21 Sources of Hindu polity, 1-25; literary, 1-23, Vedic, 21; epigraphical, 24; numismatical, 24 Specialisation in studies, 5-6 Spies, 191 *Śramaṇamahāmātra*, 172 *Śreṇi* court, 252 *Śrotriya* and taxes, 267-9 State, theories of its origin, 26-32; its types, 36-41; its tribal nature 40; confederation of, 40; composite, 40; unitary, 41; regarded as an instrument of weal and not of coercion, 42-3; its limbs or seven constituents, 44-5; how far was unity of language and race regarded as essential for it, 46-47; its aims, 47-51; how far theocratic, 51-55; scope of its activity, 58-60; and individual freedom, 59; and citizen’s equality; 68-69; grounds for obligation to 72-4; its legislative powers, 135-9; its sources of income, 263-288; its items of expenditure, 288-90; its Reserve Fund, 290. *Sthānīya*, 323 Sub-committees of village councils, 235 Sub-feudatories, 303-7 Śūdras, injustice to, 49, 69; 385 courtesy to, 151 *Śukranīti*, 18-20 *Śulkādhyaksha*, 202 Superintendent, of courtesans, 201; of cattle, 199; of currency, 202; of palace, 194; of markets, 202; of tolls, 202; of waste land, 199; of wine, 201; of weaving, 200; *Svārāṭ*, 37