Life and Conditions of the People of Hindustan (1200–1550 A.D.) c5.s4.t6.2

c5.s4.t6.2

¹ Compare I.G.I.; Vol. I, 311 for a definition of caste :—‘A caste may be defined as a collection of families or groups of families, bearing a common name which usually denotes or is associated with a specific occupation; claiming common descent from a mythical ancestor, human or divine; professing to follow the same calling; and regarded by those who are competent to give an opinion as forming a single homogeneous community. A caste is almost invariably endogamous in the sense that a member of the large circle denoted by the common name may not marry outside that circle; but within this circle, there are usually a number of smaller circles, each of which is also endogamous’. Again—(Ibid., Vol II, 307) the writer explains the development :—‘The process by which the tribal divisions were split up may be seen at work in the present day. Under the attraction of the superior Hindu civilization and the teaching of vagrant Brahmans or ascetics, the upper classes separated themselves from the lower, initiated Hindu modes of life, assumed the status of a caste, were supplied with a mythical genealogy by the Brahmans and were recognized as an integral part of some Hindu community. The process was repeated until the lowest alone were left, and they were reduced to the condition of serf.........’