Public Administration in Ancient India c15.58

c15.58

The judicial proceedings in a case consisted of four stages, namely, (1) the statement of the plaintiff (pūrva-paksha), (2) the reply of the defendant (uttara-paksha), (3) the actual trial, consisting of the evidence to establish the case and the arguments on both sides (kriyā), and (4) the decision (nirṇaya).¹