War in Ancient India c10.107

c10.107

The oversea expeditions of Rājendra are more striking. He conquered Ceylon and took the crown of the king and the more beautiful crown of his queen. The greatest feat of arms performed by Rājendra was the conquest of Kaḍāram and other places across the sea. Numerous ships carried the troops of Rājendra to Śrī Vijaya and its dependencies which he conquered. Among the places conquered were Pannai (Pani or Panei on the east coast of Sumatra), Malaiyur (at the southern end of the Malay Peninsula), Ilaṅgāśokam (in the Malay Peninsula), Māppappālam (a place in the Talaing country of Lower Burma), Talaittakkolam (modern Takkola in the west coast of the Malay Peninsula), Mudammālingam (a place facing the gulf of Siam), Ilāmurideśam (the country in the northern part of the island of Sumatra), Nakkavāram (the Nicobars).⁶⁹ Besides, active trade was carried on between South India and China during the period. At the end of the 10th century the Chinese emperor sent a mission to the Choḷa king with credentials under the imperial seal and provisions of gold and piece-goods to induce the foreign traders of the South Sea and those who went to foreign lands beyond the sea for trade to come to China.