War in Ancient India c9.s4.37

c9.s4.37

A close examination of the arrays used in the Mahābhārata battles affords proof of the existence of four kinds of movements common to them—circular, crooked, separate and compact, roughly corresponding to the deep and dense columns of mediæval England. The introduction of firearms brought about a transformation in the tactical disposition of troops. We find different formations in wars since the beginning of modern times. Methods in the formation of troops have been profoundly affected by the changes of armaments in different periods of history. Every method served a purpose in its own age. The conclusion is that we must not become the slaves of any particular method. From the *Agnipurāṇa*⁹⁶ we conclude that vyūhas like makara and sūci are to be formed if the danger is expected from the front, the sakaṭa or cart-like arrangement if danger is from the rear, the vajra if from the wings, and the cakra or wheel array if from all sides. And the General-in-Chief must invariably accompany the front which is indeed the danger zone. Acting up to these principles in all their encounters with Bhīṣma, Droṇa, Karṇa or even Duryodhana, the Pāṇḍavas won their victory by sheer manliness conducting themselves generously against the enemy. Does not diplomacy lend colour to strategical and tactical considerations also?