The Inner Conflict of Tradition: Essays in Indian Ritual, Kingship, and Society c19.s8.30

c19.s8.30

30. Interestingly where *tyāga* occurs in the *Ṛgveda*, it is the giving up of his life by the warrior in (sacrificial) battle (4. 24. 3).
31. On the chief meritorious act of each of the four *yugas*, see *Manu* 1. 85–86; also Robert Lingat, “Time and the Dharma,” *Contributions to Indian Sociology* 6 (1962): 7–16.
32. *Manu* 3. 64, 153; 4. 84–85, 218. See above, chapter 2, section 9.
33. See above, chapter 6, section 8.
34. *ŚB* 6. 8. 1. 4.
35. Jaspers, *Vom Ursprungund Zeil*, 33.
36. *ŚB* 1. 4. 1. 10–17.
37. *TB* 1. 8. 4. 1–2; *ŚB* 5. 5. 2. 5. See W. Rau, *Staat und Gesellschaft im alten Indien* (Wiesbaden, 1957), 15. On the *vrātya* expeditions of the “sons of the Kurubrahmans,” *Staat und Gesellschaft*, see also *BaudhŚS* 18. 26: 374. 8.
38. Rau, *Staat und Gesellschaft*, 51–54.
39. On *yoga* (yoking) and *kṣemya*, see H. Oertel, *The Syntax of Cases* (heidelberg, 1926), 223–27 (Excursus on . . . *yogakṣema*); also J. C. Heesterman, “Householder and Wanderer,” in *Way of Life; Essays in Honour of Louis Dumont*, ed. T. N. Madan (New Delhi, 1982), 251–71.
40. *AB* 2. 37. 1; *KB* 7. 7.
41. On the geographical and historical context of Zarathustra and on his reform of sacrifice, see K. Rudolph, “Zarathustra: Prieter und Prophet,” *Numen* 8 (1961): 81–116 (reprinted in *Zarathustra*, ed. B. Schlerath [Darmstadt, 1970], 270–313).
42. Jaspers, *Vom Ursprung und Zeil*, 43.