History of Dharmashastra (Ancient and Mediaeval Religious and Civil Law in India) v2.c24.s1.481

v2.c24.s1.481

Among *tithis* the following are anadhyāyas. On the first, the 8th, the 14th, 15th tithis (Paurṇamāsī and Amāvāsyā) there was to be cessation of Vedic Study for the whole day; vide Manu IV. 113-114, Yāj I. 146 (in both *pratipad* is not expressly mentioned) and Hārīta. Patañjali in the Mahābhāṣya (vol. II. p. 386) refers to anadhyāya on amāvāsyā and 14th tithi. There is a famous verse of the Rāmāyaṇa ⁹³⁸ which shows that *pratipad* also was a holiday. Gaut. says that there was no holiday on the full moon days of the twelve months, but only on the full moon days of Āṣāḍha, Kārtika and Phālguna. The Baud. Dh. S. I. 11. 42-43 quotes a verse ⁹³⁹ ‘(Vedic study on) the eighth tithi kills the teacher, 14th kills the pupil, 15th kills learning’. Manu (IV. 114) has a similar verse. Aparārka ⁹⁴⁰ (p. 189) quotes from the Nṛsiṁhapurāṇa verses to the effect that there is to be no teaching (of the Veda) on Mahānavamī (9th of Āśvina, bright half), on Bharaṇī (i. e. the tithi when the moon is in Bharaṇī nakṣatra after Bhādrapada full moon), Akṣatatṛtīyā (3rd of Vaiśākha, bright half) and Rathasaptamī (7th of Māgha, bright half). Similarly there is to be anadhyāya on what are called *Yugādi* and *Manvantarādi tithis*. Yugādi tithis according to Viṣṇupurāṇa ⁹⁴¹ and Brahmapurāṇa quoted by Aparārka (p. 425) are Vaiśākhaśukla tṛtīyā, Kārtika śukla navamī, Bhādrapada kṛṣṇa trayodaśī and Māgha Pūrṇimā (they are respectively the beginnings of the four yugas, kṛta, tretā, dvāpara and kali). The Sm. C. (I. p. 58) quotes the Nāradīyapurāṇa ‘on the day when uttarāyaṇa and dakṣiṇāyana first take place, on Viṣuva (the two days in the year when the day and night are equal ), on the tithis when Viṣṇu sleeps and awakes from sleep ( i. e. Āṣāḍha-śukla-ekādaśī and Kārtika-śukla-ekādaśī ), on Yugādi and Manvādi tithis there is *anadhyāya*. The tithis on which the fourteen manvantaras are supposed to begin are quoted below.⁹⁴² According to a purāṇa passage quoted in the Sm. C. ( I. p. 58 ) there is anadhyāya on *Sopapadā* tithis⁹⁴³ ( viz. Jyeṣṭha śukla 2, Āśvina śukla 10, and Māgha śukla 4 and 12 ). Sometimes on the same day there are two tithis ; hence the rule laid down is that if on any day a particular tithi ( which is declared to be anadhyāya ) is shown in the calendar as extending for three muhūrtas at sunrise or at sunset, then the whole of that day is anadhyāya.⁹⁴⁴